Constitutional rights ballot measures

Voters have decided on constitutional rights ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this refers to amendments that change a state constitution’s bill or declaration of rights or establish specific rights. The topic is grouped within the governance policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

Topic information

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• Local ballot measure topics
• History of ballot measures by topic

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Budget and tax policy

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Criminal justice and law enforcement policy

Civil law and trials Civil trials Tort law Criminal sentences and trials Bail policy Criminal sentencing Criminal trials Death penalty Juvenile criminal justice Parole policy Drug regulations Alcohol laws Drug crime policy Marijuana laws Psychedelic substance laws Smoking bans Tobacco laws Law enforcement and corrections Corrections governance Law enforcement funding Law enforcement officers and departments Prison and jail funding Prison work regulations Crime victims' rights Dueling bans

Education policy

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Election policy

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Environment and energy policy

Energy policy Carbon emissions regulations Energy conservation and efficiency Energy market regulations Energy transmission projects Fossil fuel energy Hydroelectric energy Nuclear energy Solar and wind energy Hunting and fishing Fisheries and fishing regulations Game and fish commissions Hunting regulations Right to hunt and fish Natural disaster policy Earthquake infrastructure Flood infrastructure and management Storm infrastructure Wildfire management Agriculture policy Animal treatment laws Food policy Forestry and timber Mineral resources Parks, land, and natural area conservation Pollution, waste, and recycling policy

Governance policy

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Labor, healthcare, and public assistance policy

Labor union policy Collective bargaining Labor disputes and strikes Labor union deductions Right-to-work laws Healthcare policy Complementary and alternative healthcare Healthcare facility funding Healthcare governance Private health insurance Public health insurance Vaccinations and disease policy Work regulations Child labor regulations Gender-based labor regulations Minimum wage laws Paid sick leave laws Workers' compensation laws Working hours regulations Public assistance programs Public employee retirement funds Public works labor and contracting

Military and veteran policy

Defense-related funding Government continuity policy Military service policy Military-related advisory questions Nuclear weapons policy State National Guard and militia Veterans policy

Social issue policy

Abortion policy Affirmative action American Indian issues Assisted death policy Athletics and sports English language policy Family-related policy Firearms policy Gambling policy Immigration policy LGBTQ issues Race and ethnicity issues Religion-related policy Sex and gender issues Sexual content regulations Sunday regulations

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2028

1. Iowa Allow Limits on the Right to Confront Witnesses in Court Amendment (2028) - Potential

2026

1. Arkansas Create a Fundamental Right to Initiative and Referendum Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Arkansas Environmental Preservation Amendment (2026) - Potential
3. Arkansas Right to Government Transparency Initiative (2026) - Potential
4. Arkansas Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
5. California Right to Counsel of Choice Initiative (2026) - Potential
6. California Rights to Preservation of Constitutional Government, Rule of Law, and Peaceful Transfer of Power Initiative (2026) - Potential
7. Colorado Right to Purchase and Sell Natural Gas for Cooking or Heating in Homes and Businesses Amendment (2026) - Potential
8. Hawaii Constitutional Right to Contraception Amendment (2026) - Potential
9. Hawaii Election Expenditures Excluded from Constitutionally Protected Freedom of Speech Amendment (2026) - Potential
10. Maine Equality of Rights Amendment (2026) - Potential
11. Missouri Amendment 3, Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
12. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
13. Ohio Equality of Rights Under the Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
14. Ohio Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2026) - Potential
15. Ohio Right to Civil Action Against Government Actors and Prohibit Immunity Defenses for Constitutional Violations Initiative (2026) - Potential
16. Ohio Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2026) - Potential
17. Ohio Voting and Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential
18. Rhode Island Environmental Rights Amendment (2026) - Potential
19. Rhode Island Right to Public Education Amendment (2026) - Potential
20. Vermont Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
21. Vermont Proposal 3, Right to Collective Bargaining Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
22. Virginia Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
23. Virginia Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
24. Wisconsin Prohibit Government Closure of Places of Worship During Emergencies Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
25. Wisconsin Prohibit Government Discrimination or Preferential Treatment Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2028

1. Iowa Allow Limits on the Right to Confront Witnesses in Court Amendment (2028) - Potential

2026

1. Arkansas Create a Fundamental Right to Initiative and Referendum Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Arkansas Environmental Preservation Amendment (2026) - Potential
3. Arkansas Right to Government Transparency Initiative (2026) - Potential
4. Arkansas Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
5. California Right to Counsel of Choice Initiative (2026) - Potential
6. California Rights to Preservation of Constitutional Government, Rule of Law, and Peaceful Transfer of Power Initiative (2026) - Potential
7. Colorado Right to Purchase and Sell Natural Gas for Cooking or Heating in Homes and Businesses Amendment (2026) - Potential
8. Hawaii Constitutional Right to Contraception Amendment (2026) - Potential
9. Hawaii Election Expenditures Excluded from Constitutionally Protected Freedom of Speech Amendment (2026) - Potential
10. Maine Equality of Rights Amendment (2026) - Potential
11. Missouri Amendment 3, Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
12. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
13. Ohio Equality of Rights Under the Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
14. Ohio Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2026) - Potential
15. Ohio Right to Civil Action Against Government Actors and Prohibit Immunity Defenses for Constitutional Violations Initiative (2026) - Potential
16. Ohio Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2026) - Potential
17. Ohio Voting and Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential
18. Rhode Island Environmental Rights Amendment (2026) - Potential
19. Rhode Island Right to Public Education Amendment (2026) - Potential
20. Vermont Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
21. Vermont Proposal 3, Right to Collective Bargaining Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
22. Virginia Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
23. Virginia Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
24. Wisconsin Prohibit Government Closure of Places of Worship During Emergencies Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
25. Wisconsin Prohibit Government Discrimination or Preferential Treatment Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

2025

1. Texas Proposition 15, Parental Rights Amendment (2025)

2024

1. Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
2. California Proposition 3, Right to Marry and Repeal Proposition 8 Amendment (2024)
3. Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)
4. Colorado Amendment 80, Constitutional Right to School Choice Initiative (2024)
5. Florida Amendment 2, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2024)
6. Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
7. Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)
8. Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)
9. Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
10. Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
11. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
12. New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024)
13. South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
14. West Virginia Amendment 1, Prohibit "Medically-Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Mercy Killing" Measure (2024)

2023

1. Louisiana Amendment 2, Constitutional Right to Worship in a Church or Place of Worship Amendment (October 2023)
2. Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)
3. Texas Proposition 1, Right to Farming, Ranching, Timber Production, Horticulture, and Wildlife Management Amendment (2023)

2022

1. Arkansas Issue 3, Government Burden of Free Exercise of Religion Amendment (2022)
2. California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)
3. Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure (2022)
4. Iowa Amendment 1, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (2022)
5. Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)
6. Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022)
7. Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Amendment (2022)
8. Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)
9. Montana C-48, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2022)
10. Nevada Question 1, Equality of Rights Amendment (2022)
11. Oregon Measure 111, Right to Healthcare Amendment (2022)
12. Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)

2021

1. Maine Question 3, Right to Produce, Harvest, and Consume Food Amendment (2021)
2. New York Proposal 2, Environmental Rights Amendment (2021)
3. Pennsylvania Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Race or Ethnicity Amendment (May 2021)
4. Texas Proposition 3, Prohibition on Limiting Religious Services or Organizations Amendment (2021)
5. Texas Proposition 6, Right to Designated Essential Caregiver Amendment (2021)

2020

1. Michigan Proposal 2, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2020)
2. Nevada Question 4, State Constitutional Rights of Voters Amendment (2020)
3. Utah Constitutional Amendment E, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2020)

2018

1. Alabama Amendment 1, Ten Commandments Amendment (2018)
2. Colorado Amendment A, Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals Amendment (2018)
3. New Hampshire Question 2, Right to Live Free from Governmental Intrusion in Private and Personal Information Amendment (2018)
4. North Carolina Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2018)

2016

1. Colorado Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals, Amendment T (2016)
2. Florida Amendment 1, Solar Energy Subsidies and Personal Solar Use Measure (2016)
3. Indiana Right to Hunt and Fish, Public Question 1 (2016)
4. Kansas Right to Hunt and Fish, Constitutional Amendment 1 (2016)
5. Oklahoma Right to Farm Amendment, State Question 777 (2016)

2015

1. Mississippi Public School Support Amendments, Initiative 42 and Alternative 42 (2015)
2. Texas Right to Hunt, Fish and Harvest Amendment, Proposition 6 (2015)

2014

1. Alabama Right to Hunt and Fish, Amendment 5 (2014)
2. Illinois Right to Vote Amendment (2014)
3. Mississippi Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment, HCR 30 (2014)
4. Missouri Amendment 1, Constitutional Right to Farm Measure (August 2014)
5. Missouri Amendment 5, Right to Bear Arms Strict Scrutiny and Unalienable Right Measure (August 2014)
6. Missouri Electronic Data Protection, Amendment 9 (August 2014)
7. Oregon Measure 89, Equal Rights for Women Amendment (2014)

2012

1. Alabama Healthcare Amendment, Amendment 6 (2012)
2. Idaho Hunting and Fishing Amendment, HJR 2 (2012)
3. Kentucky Hunting and Fishing Amendment, House Bill 1 (2012)
4. Michigan Proposal 2, Constitutional Right to Collective Bargaining Initiative (2012)
5. Missouri Amendment 2, Public Prayer and Public School Students’ Religious Expressions Measure (August 2012)
6. Nebraska Hunting and Fishing Amendment, Amendment 2 (2012)
7. North Dakota Farming and Ranching Amendment, Measure 3 (2012)
8. Wyoming Constitutional Amendment A, Right to Make Healthcare Decisions and Direct Healthcare Payments Amendment (2012)
9. Wyoming Hunting Rights Amendment, Constitutional Amendment B (2012)

2011

1. Ohio Issue 3, State Cannot Compel Healthcare Participation Amendment (2011)

2010

1. Arizona Proposition 106, Prohibit Mandatory Health Care System Participation Amendment (2010)
2. Arizona Proposition 109, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2010)
3. Arkansas Hunting Rights, Proposed Amendment 1 (2010)
4. Colorado Amendment 63, Healthcare Choice and Coverage Initiative (2010)
5. Kansas Right to Bear Arms Question, Constitutional Amendment Question 1 (2010)
6. Oklahoma State Question 756, Prohibit Mandatory Participation in Healthcare System Amendment (2010)
7. South Carolina Hunting and Fishing Amendment, Amendment 1 (2010)
8. South Dakota Amendment K, Vote by Secret Ballot Measure (2010)
9. Tennessee Hunting Rights Amendment (2010)

2008

1. Arizona Proposition 101, Right to Choose Private Health Care and Pay Directly for Medical Services Amendment (2008)
2. Florida Amendment 1, Property Possession Amendment (2008)
3. Nebraska Measure 424, Affirmative Action Initiative (2008)
4. Oklahoma State Question 742, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2008)

2006

1. Georgia Amendment 2, Right to Fish and Hunt Measure (2006)

2004

1. California Proposition 59, Right to Access Public Information and Meetings Amendment (2004)
2. California Proposition 71, Stem Cell Research Initiative (2004)
3. Louisiana Right to Hunt, Fish and Trap Amendment, Question 1 (2004)
4. Montana Right to Wild Game Hunting and Fishing, C-41 (2004)
5. Nevada Question 7, Constitution Language on Voting Amendment (2004)

2003

1. Pennsylvania Question 1, Interactions Between Accused Individuals and Witnesses Amendment (2003)
2. Wisconsin Question 1, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (April 2003)

2002

1. California Proposition 43, Constitutional Right to Have One's Vote Counted Amendment (March 2002)

2000

1. Maine Question 5, Grant Persons With Mental Illness Under Guardianship the Right to Vote Amendment (2000)
2. Maine Question 6, Prohibit Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation Measure (2000)
3. North Dakota Right to Hunt, Trap and Fish, Measure 1 (2000)
4. Virginia Question 2, Right to Hunt, Fish, and Harvest Game Amendment (2000)

1998

1. Florida Amendment 9, Revision to Declaration of Rights Amendment (1998)
2. Idaho Voting for Persons Under Guardianship, SJR 105 (1998)
3. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights for Men and Women Measure (1998)
4. Maine Question 1, Repeal of Ban Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination Referendum (February 1998)
5. Nebraska Amendment 1, Equal Protection Amendment (1998)
6. Nebraska Amendment 4, Repeal Exceptions to Habeas Corpus Measure (May 1998)
7. Wisconsin Question 2, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (1998)

1996

1. Colorado Amendment 17, Parental Right to Direct Upbringing, Education, and Discipline of Children Initiative (1996)
2. Nebraska Initiative Measure 411, Right to Quality Education and Education Funding Amendment (1996)
3. Oregon Measure 39, Right to Receive Services from Chosen Category of Healthcare Provider Initiative (1996)

1995

1. Maine Question 1, Limiting Protected Classifications Measure (1995)

1994

1. Alaska Measure 1, Right to Bear Arms Amendment (1994)
2. Colorado Amendment 16, Freedom of Expression Initiative (1994)
3. Illinois Criminal Defendants' Right to Meet Witnesses, Amendment 1 (1994)
4. Oregon Measure 19, Exempt Free Speech Protection for Obscenity and Child Pornography Initiative (1994)
5. Oregon Measure 7, Equal Protection of Law Initiative (1994)

1992

1. Colorado Referendum A, Victims' Rights Amendment (1992)
2. Florida Amendment 5, Taxpayers' Bill of Rights Amendment (1992)
3. Illinois Fundamental Right to Education and Equality of Educational Opportunity Amendment (1992)
4. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Gender Measure (1992)
5. Nevada Question 3, Voting and Officeholding Provision Amendment (1992)
6. North Dakota Vehicle Searches, Measure 6 (1992)

1990

1. Arizona Proposition 104, Crime Victims' Rights Amendment (1990)
2. Hawaii Repeal of Fractional Voting, Amendment 4 (1990)

1988

1. Alaska Measure 1, Provide for Constitutional Preference for State Residents Amendment (1988)
2. Florida Amendment 2, Crime Victims Rights Amendment (1988)
3. Hawaii Changing the Voting Age, Amendment 5 (1988)
4. Maine Question 7, Removal of Gender Biased Constitutional Language Amendment (1988)
5. Nebraska Initiative Measure 403, Right to Bear Arms Amendment (1988)
6. Rhode Island Proposition to Amend Article 1, Section 9 of the Rhode Island Constitution - Right to Bail (1988)

1986

1. Arizona Proposition 103, Right to Sue for Damages from Injury or Death Amendment (1986)
2. Rhode Island Bail, Constitutional Amendment 12 (1986)
3. Rhode Island Felon Officeholding and Voting, Constitutional Amendment 10 (1986)
4. Rhode Island Rights of the People, Constitutional Amendment 8 (1986)
5. Vermont Proposal 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1986)
6. Wisconsin Question 1, Suffrage and Elections Amendment (April 1986)

1984

1. Connecticut Question 1, Prohibition of Disability Discrimination Amendment (1984)
2. Maine Question 6, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1984)
3. New Hampshire Criminal Insanity Standards Amendment (1984)
4. New Hampshire Voting Accessibility Amendment (1984)

1982

1. Florida Amendment 2, Protection Against Unlawful Searches and Seizures Amendment (1982)
2. Nevada Question 2, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (1982)
3. Virginia Question 2, Restoration of Civil Rights to Felons Amendment (1982)

1980

1. Florida Amendment 2, Constitutional Right of Privacy Measure (1980)
2. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Gender Measure (1980)
3. Massachusetts Question 1, Prohibit Disability-Based Discrimination Amendment (1980)

1978

1. California Proposition 5, Constitutional Determinations by Administrative Agencies Amendment (June 1978)
2. Florida Amendment 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1978)
3. Hawaii Miscellaneous Revisions, Amendment 33 (1978)
4. Hawaii Right to Privacy, Amendment 3 (1978)
5. Hawaii Secrecy of Voting, Amendment 4 (1978)
6. Hawaii Traditional and Customary Rights, Amendment 29 (1978)
7. Mississippi Court Defendant Rights, Amendment 6 (1978)
8. Nevada Question 5, Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment Advisory Question (1978)

1976

1. Colorado Amendment 6, Removal of the Gender Equality Provisions Initiative (1976)
2. Indiana Residency Requirements for Voting, Amendment 1 (1976)
3. Massachusetts Question 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex, Race, or Creed Amendment (1976)
4. New Hampshire Public's Right of Access to Government Records Amendment (1976)
5. South Dakota Amendment B, Revise Bill of Rights Measure (1976)
6. South Dakota Amendment C, Legislative Powers and Structure Measure (1976)

1975

1. New Jersey Public Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1975)
2. New York Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1975)

1974

1. California Proposition 7, Revisions to State Constitution’s Declaration of Rights Amendment (1974)
2. Connecticut Question 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1974)
3. Florida Amendment 7, Disability Discrimination Prohibition Amendment (1974)
4. Kansas Right to Vote, Amendment 3 (1974)
5. New Hampshire Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Race, Sex, or Creed Amendment (1974)
6. South Carolina Amendment on Legal Adults, Amendment 6 (1974)
7. South Dakota Amendment B, Voting Rights Expansion Measure (1974)

1973

1. Wisconsin Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (April 1973)

1972

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (August 1972)
2. Alaska Ballot Measure 3, Right to Privacy Amendment (August 1972)
3. California Proposition 11, Constitutional Right to Privacy Amendment (1972)
4. Colorado Amendment 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)
5. Hawaii Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)
6. Hawaii Voting Age, Amendment 3 (1972)
7. Kansas Amending the State Bill of Rights, Amendment 3 (1972)
8. Maryland Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)
9. Mississippi Voting Age, Amendment 2 (1972)
10. Nebraska Amendment 4, Right of Appeal Amendment (1972)
11. New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)
12. North Dakota Age of Adulthood, Alternate Proposition 3 (1972)
13. Texas Proposition 7, Equal Rights Regardless of Race, Sex, or Creed Amendment (1972)
14. Washington HJR 61, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)

1971

1. Kansas Voter Qualifications, Amendment 1 (1971)
2. Pennsylvania Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (May 1971)
3. Pennsylvania Question 3, Environmental Rights Amendment (May 1971)

1970

1. Florida Amendment 2, 18 as the Age of Legal Adulthood Amendment (1970)
2. Hawaii Voting Age, Proposition 3 (1970)
3. South Carolina Amendment 1, Add New Declaration of Rights and Transpose Sections of Constitution to other Articles Amendment (1970)
4. Virginia Question 1, Constitutional Revision Amendment (1970)

1968

1. Hawaii Eighteen Year Old Vote, Amendment 8 (1968)
2. Hawaii Eliminating the Literacy Requirement to Vote, Amendment 10 (1968)
3. Hawaii Invasion of Privacy, Amendment 4 (1968)
4. Hawaii Voting Rights of Felons, Amendment 9 (1968)
5. Louisiana Handicapped Voting Amendment (1968)
6. Louisiana Rights of Convicted Individuals Amendment (1968)
7. Mississippi Voter Residency, Amendment 1 (1968)
8. New Hampshire Free Speech Amendment (1968)
9. Tennessee Constitutional Convention: Voting Age, Amendment 5 (1968)

1967

1. Pennsylvania Question 2, Declaration of Rights and Constitutional Revisions Amendment (May 1967)

1966

1. New Hampshire Right to Legal Representation Amendment (1966)

1965

1. Alabama Voter Registration Qualifications, Amendment 2 (1965)

1963

1. Alabama Voting Requirements, Amendment 3 (1963)
2. Maine Question 7, Discrimination Prohibition Amendment (1963)

1962

1. Alabama Voter Registration, Amendment 1 (1962)
2. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 1 (1962)
3. Idaho Chinese, Japanese and Mongolian Rights, SJR 1 (1962)

1956

1. Nevada Question 2, Right to Collective Bargaining Agreement Initiative (1956)

1953

1. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 1 (1953)

1951

1. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 5 (1951)

1948

1. Massachusetts Question 1, Freedom of Speech Amendment (1948)
2. North Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Prohibit Public School Teachers Religious Dress Measure (1948)

1946

1. Alabama Voter Qualifications, Amendment 4 (1946)
2. North Carolina Gender-Neutral Constitutional Language and Rights Amendment (1946)

1944

1. Colorado Amendment 1, Allow Women to Serve on Juries Amendment (1944)

1930

1. Illinois Jury Act Amendment (1930)

1928

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 100-101, Constitutional Right to Choose Healing Methods and Prohibiting Laws Restricting Methods Initiative (1928)

1926

1. Florida Use of Property by Foreigners Amendment (1926)
2. Iowa Legislator Qualifications, Amendment 1 (1926)

1922

1. California Proposition 29, Taxation and Franchises Initiative (1922)
2. North Dakota Electors Residence Requirements Referendum (1922)

1920

1. Nebraska Amendment 2, Property Rights Regulation Amendment (September 1920)
2. Nebraska Amendment 35, Water Power Rights Amendment (September 1920)
3. Nebraska Amendment 36, Public Rights Water Power Amendment (September 1920)
4. North Dakota Residence Requirements of Electors Referendum (1920)

1917

1. Texas Proposition 1, Conservation and Reclamation Districts Amendment (August 1917)

1913

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 304-305, Sterilization of Criminals Referendum (1913)

1910

1. California Amendment 14, Right to Fish Measure (1910)

1906

1. Minnesota Amendment 3, Right to Sell One's Produce without License Amendment (1906)

1870

1. Wisconsin Question 1, Grand Jury System Amendment (1870)

1865

1. North Carolina Prohibit Slavery and Involuntary Servitude Amendment (1865)

Alabama

1. Alabama Amendment 1, Ten Commandments Amendment (2018)
2. Alabama Healthcare Amendment, Amendment 6 (2012)
3. Alabama Right to Hunt and Fish, Amendment 5 (2014)
4. Alabama Voter Qualifications, Amendment 4 (1946)
5. Alabama Voter Registration, Amendment 1 (1962)
6. Alabama Voter Registration Qualifications, Amendment 2 (1965)
7. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 1 (1953)
8. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 1 (1962)
9. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 5 (1951)
10. Alabama Voting Requirements, Amendment 3 (1963)

Alaska

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (August 1972)
2. Alaska Ballot Measure 3, Right to Privacy Amendment (August 1972)
3. Alaska Measure 1, Provide for Constitutional Preference for State Residents Amendment (1988)
4. Alaska Measure 1, Right to Bear Arms Amendment (1994)

Arizona

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 100-101, Constitutional Right to Choose Healing Methods and Prohibiting Laws Restricting Methods Initiative (1928)
2. Arizona Proposition 101, Right to Choose Private Health Care and Pay Directly for Medical Services Amendment (2008)
3. Arizona Proposition 103, Right to Sue for Damages from Injury or Death Amendment (1986)
4. Arizona Proposition 104, Crime Victims' Rights Amendment (1990)
5. Arizona Proposition 106, Prohibit Mandatory Health Care System Participation Amendment (2010)
6. Arizona Proposition 109, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2010)
7. Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)

Arkansas

1. Arkansas Create a Fundamental Right to Initiative and Referendum Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Arkansas Environmental Preservation Amendment (2026) - Potential
3. Arkansas Hunting Rights, Proposed Amendment 1 (2010)
4. Arkansas Issue 3, Government Burden of Free Exercise of Religion Amendment (2022)
5. Arkansas Right to Government Transparency Initiative (2026) - Potential
6. Arkansas Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

California

1. California Amendment 14, Right to Fish Measure (1910)
2. California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)
3. California Proposition 11, Constitutional Right to Privacy Amendment (1972)
4. California Proposition 29, Taxation and Franchises Initiative (1922)
5. California Proposition 3, Right to Marry and Repeal Proposition 8 Amendment (2024)
6. California Proposition 43, Constitutional Right to Have One's Vote Counted Amendment (March 2002)
7. California Proposition 5, Constitutional Determinations by Administrative Agencies Amendment (June 1978)
8. California Proposition 59, Right to Access Public Information and Meetings Amendment (2004)
9. California Proposition 7, Revisions to State Constitution’s Declaration of Rights Amendment (1974)
10. California Proposition 71, Stem Cell Research Initiative (2004)
11. California Right to Counsel of Choice Initiative (2026) - Potential
12. California Rights to Preservation of Constitutional Government, Rule of Law, and Peaceful Transfer of Power Initiative (2026) - Potential

Colorado

1. Colorado Amendment 1, Allow Women to Serve on Juries Amendment (1944)
2. Colorado Amendment 16, Freedom of Expression Initiative (1994)
3. Colorado Amendment 17, Parental Right to Direct Upbringing, Education, and Discipline of Children Initiative (1996)
4. Colorado Amendment 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)
5. Colorado Amendment 6, Removal of the Gender Equality Provisions Initiative (1976)
6. Colorado Amendment 63, Healthcare Choice and Coverage Initiative (2010)
7. Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)
8. Colorado Amendment 80, Constitutional Right to School Choice Initiative (2024)
9. Colorado Amendment A, Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals Amendment (2018)
10. Colorado Referendum A, Victims' Rights Amendment (1992)
11. Colorado Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals, Amendment T (2016)
12. Colorado Right to Purchase and Sell Natural Gas for Cooking or Heating in Homes and Businesses Amendment (2026) - Potential

Connecticut

1. Connecticut Question 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1974)
2. Connecticut Question 1, Prohibition of Disability Discrimination Amendment (1984)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 1, Property Possession Amendment (2008)
2. Florida Amendment 1, Solar Energy Subsidies and Personal Solar Use Measure (2016)
3. Florida Amendment 2, 18 as the Age of Legal Adulthood Amendment (1970)
4. Florida Amendment 2, Constitutional Right of Privacy Measure (1980)
5. Florida Amendment 2, Crime Victims Rights Amendment (1988)
6. Florida Amendment 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1978)
7. Florida Amendment 2, Protection Against Unlawful Searches and Seizures Amendment (1982)
8. Florida Amendment 2, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2024)
9. Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
10. Florida Amendment 5, Taxpayers' Bill of Rights Amendment (1992)
11. Florida Amendment 7, Disability Discrimination Prohibition Amendment (1974)
12. Florida Amendment 9, Revision to Declaration of Rights Amendment (1998)
13. Florida Use of Property by Foreigners Amendment (1926)

Georgia

1. Georgia Amendment 2, Right to Fish and Hunt Measure (2006)

Hawaii

1. Hawaii Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)
2. Hawaii Changing the Voting Age, Amendment 5 (1988)
3. Hawaii Constitutional Right to Contraception Amendment (2026) - Potential
4. Hawaii Eighteen Year Old Vote, Amendment 8 (1968)
5. Hawaii Election Expenditures Excluded from Constitutionally Protected Freedom of Speech Amendment (2026) - Potential
6. Hawaii Eliminating the Literacy Requirement to Vote, Amendment 10 (1968)
7. Hawaii Invasion of Privacy, Amendment 4 (1968)
8. Hawaii Miscellaneous Revisions, Amendment 33 (1978)
9. Hawaii Repeal of Fractional Voting, Amendment 4 (1990)
10. Hawaii Right to Privacy, Amendment 3 (1978)
11. Hawaii Secrecy of Voting, Amendment 4 (1978)
12. Hawaii Traditional and Customary Rights, Amendment 29 (1978)
13. Hawaii Voting Age, Amendment 3 (1972)
14. Hawaii Voting Age, Proposition 3 (1970)
15. Hawaii Voting Rights of Felons, Amendment 9 (1968)

Idaho

1. Idaho Chinese, Japanese and Mongolian Rights, SJR 1 (1962)
2. Idaho Hunting and Fishing Amendment, HJR 2 (2012)
3. Idaho Voting for Persons Under Guardianship, SJR 105 (1998)

Illinois

1. Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure (2022)
2. Illinois Criminal Defendants' Right to Meet Witnesses, Amendment 1 (1994)
3. Illinois Fundamental Right to Education and Equality of Educational Opportunity Amendment (1992)
4. Illinois Jury Act Amendment (1930)
5. Illinois Right to Vote Amendment (2014)

Indiana

1. Indiana Residency Requirements for Voting, Amendment 1 (1976)
2. Indiana Right to Hunt and Fish, Public Question 1 (2016)

Iowa

1. Iowa Allow Limits on the Right to Confront Witnesses in Court Amendment (2028) - Potential
2. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Gender Measure (1980)
3. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Gender Measure (1992)
4. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights for Men and Women Measure (1998)
5. Iowa Amendment 1, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (2022)
6. Iowa Legislator Qualifications, Amendment 1 (1926)

Kansas

1. Kansas Amending the State Bill of Rights, Amendment 3 (1972)
2. Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)
3. Kansas Right to Bear Arms Question, Constitutional Amendment Question 1 (2010)
4. Kansas Right to Hunt and Fish, Constitutional Amendment 1 (2016)
5. Kansas Right to Vote, Amendment 3 (1974)
6. Kansas Voter Qualifications, Amendment 1 (1971)

Kentucky

1. Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022)
2. Kentucky Hunting and Fishing Amendment, House Bill 1 (2012)

Louisiana

1. Louisiana Amendment 2, Constitutional Right to Worship in a Church or Place of Worship Amendment (October 2023)
2. Louisiana Handicapped Voting Amendment (1968)
3. Louisiana Right to Hunt, Fish and Trap Amendment, Question 1 (2004)
4. Louisiana Rights of Convicted Individuals Amendment (1968)

Maine

1. Maine Equality of Rights Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Maine Question 1, Limiting Protected Classifications Measure (1995)
3. Maine Question 1, Repeal of Ban Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination Referendum (February 1998)
4. Maine Question 3, Right to Produce, Harvest, and Consume Food Amendment (2021)
5. Maine Question 5, Grant Persons With Mental Illness Under Guardianship the Right to Vote Amendment (2000)
6. Maine Question 6, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1984)
7. Maine Question 6, Prohibit Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation Measure (2000)
8. Maine Question 7, Discrimination Prohibition Amendment (1963)
9. Maine Question 7, Removal of Gender Biased Constitutional Language Amendment (1988)

Maryland

1. Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)
2. Maryland Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Question 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex, Race, or Creed Amendment (1976)
2. Massachusetts Question 1, Freedom of Speech Amendment (1948)
3. Massachusetts Question 1, Prohibit Disability-Based Discrimination Amendment (1980)

Michigan

1. Michigan Proposal 2, Constitutional Right to Collective Bargaining Initiative (2012)
2. Michigan Proposal 2, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2020)
3. Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Amendment (2022)
4. Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)

Minnesota

1. Minnesota Amendment 3, Right to Sell One's Produce without License Amendment (1906)

Mississippi

1. Mississippi Court Defendant Rights, Amendment 6 (1978)
2. Mississippi Public School Support Amendments, Initiative 42 and Alternative 42 (2015)
3. Mississippi Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment, HCR 30 (2014)
4. Mississippi Voter Residency, Amendment 1 (1968)
5. Mississippi Voting Age, Amendment 2 (1972)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 1, Constitutional Right to Farm Measure (August 2014)
2. Missouri Amendment 2, Public Prayer and Public School Students’ Religious Expressions Measure (August 2012)
3. Missouri Amendment 3, Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
4. Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)
5. Missouri Amendment 5, Right to Bear Arms Strict Scrutiny and Unalienable Right Measure (August 2014)
6. Missouri Electronic Data Protection, Amendment 9 (August 2014)

Montana

1. Montana C-48, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2022)
2. Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
3. Montana Right to Wild Game Hunting and Fishing, C-41 (2004)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Equal Protection Amendment (1998)
2. Nebraska Amendment 2, Property Rights Regulation Amendment (September 1920)
3. Nebraska Amendment 35, Water Power Rights Amendment (September 1920)
4. Nebraska Amendment 36, Public Rights Water Power Amendment (September 1920)
5. Nebraska Amendment 4, Repeal Exceptions to Habeas Corpus Measure (May 1998)
6. Nebraska Amendment 4, Right of Appeal Amendment (1972)
7. Nebraska Hunting and Fishing Amendment, Amendment 2 (2012)
8. Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
9. Nebraska Initiative Measure 403, Right to Bear Arms Amendment (1988)
10. Nebraska Initiative Measure 411, Right to Quality Education and Education Funding Amendment (1996)
11. Nebraska Measure 424, Affirmative Action Initiative (2008)

Nevada

1. Nevada Question 1, Equality of Rights Amendment (2022)
2. Nevada Question 2, Right to Collective Bargaining Agreement Initiative (1956)
3. Nevada Question 2, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (1982)
4. Nevada Question 3, Voting and Officeholding Provision Amendment (1992)
5. Nevada Question 4, State Constitutional Rights of Voters Amendment (2020)
6. Nevada Question 5, Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment Advisory Question (1978)
7. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
8. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
9. Nevada Question 7, Constitution Language on Voting Amendment (2004)

New Hampshire

1. New Hampshire Criminal Insanity Standards Amendment (1984)
2. New Hampshire Free Speech Amendment (1968)
3. New Hampshire Public's Right of Access to Government Records Amendment (1976)
4. New Hampshire Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Race, Sex, or Creed Amendment (1974)
5. New Hampshire Question 2, Right to Live Free from Governmental Intrusion in Private and Personal Information Amendment (2018)
6. New Hampshire Right to Legal Representation Amendment (1966)
7. New Hampshire Voting Accessibility Amendment (1984)

New Jersey

1. New Jersey Public Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1975)

New Mexico

1. New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)

New York

1. New York Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1975)
2. New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024)
3. New York Proposal 2, Environmental Rights Amendment (2021)

North Carolina

1. North Carolina Gender-Neutral Constitutional Language and Rights Amendment (1946)
2. North Carolina Prohibit Slavery and Involuntary Servitude Amendment (1865)
3. North Carolina Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2018)

North Dakota

1. North Dakota Age of Adulthood, Alternate Proposition 3 (1972)
2. North Dakota Electors Residence Requirements Referendum (1922)
3. North Dakota Farming and Ranching Amendment, Measure 3 (2012)
4. North Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Prohibit Public School Teachers Religious Dress Measure (1948)
5. North Dakota Residence Requirements of Electors Referendum (1920)
6. North Dakota Right to Hunt, Trap and Fish, Measure 1 (2000)
7. North Dakota Vehicle Searches, Measure 6 (1992)

Ohio

1. Ohio Equality of Rights Under the Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)
3. Ohio Issue 3, State Cannot Compel Healthcare Participation Amendment (2011)
4. Ohio Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2026) - Potential
5. Ohio Right to Civil Action Against Government Actors and Prohibit Immunity Defenses for Constitutional Violations Initiative (2026) - Potential
6. Ohio Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2026) - Potential
7. Ohio Voting and Elections Amendment (2026) - Potential

Oklahoma

1. Oklahoma Right to Farm Amendment, State Question 777 (2016)
2. Oklahoma State Question 742, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2008)
3. Oklahoma State Question 756, Prohibit Mandatory Participation in Healthcare System Amendment (2010)

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 111, Right to Healthcare Amendment (2022)
2. Oregon Measure 19, Exempt Free Speech Protection for Obscenity and Child Pornography Initiative (1994)
3. Oregon Measure 39, Right to Receive Services from Chosen Category of Healthcare Provider Initiative (1996)
4. Oregon Measure 7, Equal Protection of Law Initiative (1994)
5. Oregon Measure 89, Equal Rights for Women Amendment (2014)
6. Oregon Measure Nos. 304-305, Sterilization of Criminals Referendum (1913)

Pennsylvania

1. Pennsylvania Question 1, Interactions Between Accused Individuals and Witnesses Amendment (2003)
2. Pennsylvania Question 2, Declaration of Rights and Constitutional Revisions Amendment (May 1967)
3. Pennsylvania Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (May 1971)
4. Pennsylvania Question 3, Environmental Rights Amendment (May 1971)
5. Pennsylvania Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Race or Ethnicity Amendment (May 2021)

Rhode Island

1. Rhode Island Bail, Constitutional Amendment 12 (1986)
2. Rhode Island Environmental Rights Amendment (2026) - Potential
3. Rhode Island Felon Officeholding and Voting, Constitutional Amendment 10 (1986)
4. Rhode Island Proposition to Amend Article 1, Section 9 of the Rhode Island Constitution - Right to Bail (1988)
5. Rhode Island Right to Public Education Amendment (2026) - Potential
6. Rhode Island Rights of the People, Constitutional Amendment 8 (1986)

South Carolina

1. South Carolina Amendment 1, Add New Declaration of Rights and Transpose Sections of Constitution to other Articles Amendment (1970)
2. South Carolina Amendment on Legal Adults, Amendment 6 (1974)
3. South Carolina Hunting and Fishing Amendment, Amendment 1 (2010)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Amendment B, Revise Bill of Rights Measure (1976)
2. South Dakota Amendment B, Voting Rights Expansion Measure (1974)
3. South Dakota Amendment C, Legislative Powers and Structure Measure (1976)
4. South Dakota Amendment K, Vote by Secret Ballot Measure (2010)
5. South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)

Tennessee

1. Tennessee Constitutional Convention: Voting Age, Amendment 5 (1968)
2. Tennessee Hunting Rights Amendment (2010)

Texas

1. Texas Proposition 1, Conservation and Reclamation Districts Amendment (August 1917)
2. Texas Proposition 1, Right to Farming, Ranching, Timber Production, Horticulture, and Wildlife Management Amendment (2023)
3. Texas Proposition 15, Parental Rights Amendment (2025)
4. Texas Proposition 3, Prohibition on Limiting Religious Services or Organizations Amendment (2021)
5. Texas Proposition 6, Right to Designated Essential Caregiver Amendment (2021)
6. Texas Proposition 7, Equal Rights Regardless of Race, Sex, or Creed Amendment (1972)
7. Texas Right to Hunt, Fish and Harvest Amendment, Proposition 6 (2015)

Utah

1. Utah Constitutional Amendment E, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2020)

Vermont

1. Vermont Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Vermont Proposal 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1986)
3. Vermont Proposal 3, Right to Collective Bargaining Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
4. Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)

Virginia

1. Virginia Question 1, Constitutional Revision Amendment (1970)
2. Virginia Question 2, Restoration of Civil Rights to Felons Amendment (1982)
3. Virginia Question 2, Right to Hunt, Fish, and Harvest Game Amendment (2000)
4. Virginia Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
5. Virginia Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

Washington

1. Washington HJR 61, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972)

West Virginia

1. West Virginia Amendment 1, Prohibit "Medically-Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Mercy Killing" Measure (2024)

Wisconsin

1. Wisconsin Prohibit Government Closure of Places of Worship During Emergencies Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
2. Wisconsin Prohibit Government Discrimination or Preferential Treatment Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
3. Wisconsin Question 1, Grand Jury System Amendment (1870)
4. Wisconsin Question 1, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (April 2003)
5. Wisconsin Question 1, Suffrage and Elections Amendment (April 1986)
6. Wisconsin Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (April 1973)
7. Wisconsin Question 2, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (1998)

Wyoming

1. Wyoming Constitutional Amendment A, Right to Make Healthcare Decisions and Direct Healthcare Payments Amendment (2012)
2. Wyoming Hunting Rights Amendment, Constitutional Amendment B (2012)

See also

State & Local Ballot Measures

Ballotpedia

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Topics

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Footnotes

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