Abortion policy ballot measures

Voters have decided on abortion-related ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, abortion includes policies related to abortion access, procedure regulations, provider requirements, funding, and constitutional protections or restrictions. The topic is grouped within the social issue policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• History of abortion ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

Topic information

• State ballot measure topics
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• History of ballot measures by topic

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Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2026

1. Idaho Reproductive Freedom and Privacy Act Initiative (2026) - Potential
2. Missouri Amendment 3, Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
3. Nebraska Establish Personhood of Preborn Children Amendment (2026) - Potential
4. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
5. Oregon Prohibit Laws Discriminating Based on Pregnancy Outcome, Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, or Sex and Repeal Same-Sex Marriage Ban Initiative (2026) - Potential
6. Virginia Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

History of abortion ballot measures

See also: History of abortion ballot measures

Since the 1970s, abortion-related policies have been a topic for statewide ballot measures across the U.S.

From 1970 to 2024, there were 65 abortion-related ballot measures, and 44 (68%) of these had the support of organizations that described themselves as pro-life. Voters approved 12 (27%) and rejected 32 (73%) of these 44 ballot measures. The other 21 abortion-related ballot measures had the support of organizations that described themselves as pro-choice or pro-reproductive rights. Voters approved 15 (71%) and rejected six (29%).

Before Roe v. Wade in 1973, three abortion-related measures were on the ballot in Michigan, North Dakota, and Washington, and each was designed to allow abortion in its respective state.

The following table provides a scorecard on abortion-related ballot measures based on proposed policies or topics since 1970. You can view the complete list here.

Abortion-related ballot measures by topic and outcome, 1970 - 2024
Topic	Total	Approved	Approved (%)	Defeated	Defeated (%)
Campaigns described as pro-choice/pro-reproductive rights	21	15	71.4%	6	28.6%
Constitutional rights	14	11	78.6%	3	21.4%
Laws to expand abortion	6	4	66.7%	2	33.3%
Allow public funding	2	1	50.0%	1	50.0%
Campaigns described as pro-life	44	12	27.3%	32	72.7%
Constitutional interpretation	8	4	50.0%	4	50.0%
Personhood amendments	6	0	0.0%	6	100.0%
Laws to regulate abortion	10	1	10.0%	9	90.0%
Prohibit public funding	11	3	27.3%	8	72.7%
Parental notification	9	4	44.4%	5	55.6%
Practitioner requirements	2	0	0.0%	2	100.0%

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2026

1. Idaho Reproductive Freedom and Privacy Act Initiative (2026) - Potential
2. Missouri Amendment 3, Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
3. Nebraska Establish Personhood of Preborn Children Amendment (2026) - Potential
4. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
5. Oregon Prohibit Laws Discriminating Based on Pregnancy Outcome, Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, or Sex and Repeal Same-Sex Marriage Ban Initiative (2026) - Potential
6. Virginia Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

2024

1. Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
2. Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)
3. Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
4. Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)
5. Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)
6. Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
7. Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)
8. Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
9. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
10. New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024)
11. South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)

2023

1. Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)

2022

1. California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)
2. Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)
3. Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022)
4. Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)
5. Montana LR-131, Medical Care Requirements for Born-Alive Infants Measure (2022)
6. Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)

2020

1. Colorado Proposition 115, 22-Week Abortion Ban Initiative (2020)
2. Louisiana Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2020)

2018

1. Alabama Amendment 2, State Abortion Policy Amendment (2018)
2. Oregon Measure 106, Ban Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (2018)
3. West Virginia Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure (2018)

2014

1. Colorado Amendment 67, Definition of Person Initiative (2014)
2. North Dakota Measure 1, Right to Life of Humans at Any Stage of Development Amendment (2014)
3. Tennessee Amendment 1, No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (2014)

2012

1. Florida Amendment 6, State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment (2012)
2. Montana LR-120, Parental Notification of Abortion Measure (2012)

2011

1. Mississippi Initiative 26, Definition of Person Amendment (2011)

2010

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (August 2010)
2. Colorado Amendment 62, Definition of Person Amendment (2010)

2008

1. California Proposition 4, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (2008)
2. Colorado Amendment 48, Definition of Person Initiative (2008)
3. South Dakota Initiative 11, Abortion Ban Measure (2008)

2006

1. California Proposition 85, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (2006)
2. Oregon Measure 43, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (2006)
3. South Dakota Referendum 6, Abortion Ban Measure (2006)

2005

1. California Proposition 73, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (2005)

2004

1. Florida Amendment 1, Parental Notification of Abortion Measure (2004)

2000

1. Colorado Amendment 25, Informed Consent for Abortion Initiative (2000)

1999

1. Maine Question 1, "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act" Initiative (1999)

1998

1. Colorado Amendment 11, Prohibition on Partial-Birth Abortions Initiative (1998)
2. Colorado Amendment 12, Parental Notification for Abortions Initiative (1998)
3. Washington Initiative 694, "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act" Measure (1998)

1994

1. Wyoming Initiative 1, Abortion Ban Measure (1994)

1992

1. Arizona Proposition 110, Abortion Ban and Prohibit Public Funds Initiative (1992)
2. Maryland Question 6, Changes to Abortion Law Referendum (1992)

1991

1. Washington Initiative 120, Abortion Legal to Fetal Viability Measure (1991)

1990

1. Nevada Question 7, Abortion Legal to 24 Weeks Statute Referendum (1990)
2. Oregon Measure 10, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (1990)
3. Oregon Measure 8, Abortion Ban Initiative (1990)

1988

1. Arkansas Amendment 3, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions and State Policy Initiative (1988)
2. Colorado Initiative 7, Repeal Prohibition on Public Funds for Abortions Amendment (1988)
3. Michigan Proposal A, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions for Public Assistance Recipients Referendum (1988)

1986

1. Arkansas Amendment 65, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions and State Policy Initiative (1986)
2. Arkansas Limitation on Public Funding for Abortion, Proposed Amendment 65 (1986)
3. Massachusetts Question 1, No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (1986)
4. Oregon Measure 6, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (1986)
5. Rhode Island Question 14, Constitutional Right to Life and Abortion Prohibited Amendment (1986)

1984

1. Colorado Amendment 3, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (1984)
2. Washington Initiative 471, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Measure (1984)

1982

1. Alaska Measure 6, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (1982)

1978

1. Oregon Measure 7, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (1978)

1972

1. Michigan Proposal B, Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative (1972)
2. North Dakota Measure 1, Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative (1972)

1970

1. Washington Referendum 20, Abortion Legalization to Four Months Measure (1970)

Alabama

1. Alabama Amendment 2, State Abortion Policy Amendment (2018)

Alaska

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (August 2010)
2. Alaska Measure 6, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (1982)

Arizona

1. Arizona Proposition 110, Abortion Ban and Prohibit Public Funds Initiative (1992)
2. Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)

Arkansas

1. Arkansas Amendment 3, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions and State Policy Initiative (1988)
2. Arkansas Amendment 65, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions and State Policy Initiative (1986)
3. Arkansas Limitation on Public Funding for Abortion, Proposed Amendment 65 (1986)

California

1. California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022)
2. California Proposition 4, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (2008)
3. California Proposition 73, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (2005)
4. California Proposition 85, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (2006)

Colorado

1. Colorado Amendment 11, Prohibition on Partial-Birth Abortions Initiative (1998)
2. Colorado Amendment 12, Parental Notification for Abortions Initiative (1998)
3. Colorado Amendment 25, Informed Consent for Abortion Initiative (2000)
4. Colorado Amendment 3, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (1984)
5. Colorado Amendment 48, Definition of Person Initiative (2008)
6. Colorado Amendment 62, Definition of Person Amendment (2010)
7. Colorado Amendment 67, Definition of Person Initiative (2014)
8. Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)
9. Colorado Initiative 7, Repeal Prohibition on Public Funds for Abortions Amendment (1988)
10. Colorado Proposition 115, 22-Week Abortion Ban Initiative (2020)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 1, Parental Notification of Abortion Measure (2004)
2. Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
3. Florida Amendment 6, State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment (2012)

Idaho

1. Idaho Reproductive Freedom and Privacy Act Initiative (2026) - Potential

Kansas

1. Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)

Kentucky

1. Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022)

Louisiana

1. Louisiana Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2020)

Maine

1. Maine Question 1, "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act" Initiative (1999)

Maryland

1. Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)
2. Maryland Question 6, Changes to Abortion Law Referendum (1992)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Question 1, No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (1986)

Michigan

1. Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)
2. Michigan Proposal A, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions for Public Assistance Recipients Referendum (1988)
3. Michigan Proposal B, Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative (1972)

Mississippi

1. Mississippi Initiative 26, Definition of Person Amendment (2011)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 3, Prohibit Abortion and Gender Transition Procedures for Minors Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
2. Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)

Montana

1. Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
2. Montana LR-120, Parental Notification of Abortion Measure (2012)
3. Montana LR-131, Medical Care Requirements for Born-Alive Infants Measure (2022)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Establish Personhood of Preborn Children Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)
3. Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)

Nevada

1. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
2. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
3. Nevada Question 7, Abortion Legal to 24 Weeks Statute Referendum (1990)

New York

1. New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024)

North Dakota

1. North Dakota Measure 1, Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative (1972)
2. North Dakota Measure 1, Right to Life of Humans at Any Stage of Development Amendment (2014)

Ohio

1. Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 10, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (1990)
2. Oregon Measure 106, Ban Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (2018)
3. Oregon Measure 43, Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative (2006)
4. Oregon Measure 6, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (1986)
5. Oregon Measure 7, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (1978)
6. Oregon Measure 8, Abortion Ban Initiative (1990)
7. Oregon Prohibit Laws Discriminating Based on Pregnancy Outcome, Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, or Sex and Repeal Same-Sex Marriage Ban Initiative (2026) - Potential

Rhode Island

1. Rhode Island Question 14, Constitutional Right to Life and Abortion Prohibited Amendment (1986)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
2. South Dakota Initiative 11, Abortion Ban Measure (2008)
3. South Dakota Referendum 6, Abortion Ban Measure (2006)

Tennessee

1. Tennessee Amendment 1, No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (2014)

Vermont

1. Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022)

Virginia

1. Virginia Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

Washington

1. Washington Initiative 120, Abortion Legal to Fetal Viability Measure (1991)
2. Washington Initiative 471, Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Measure (1984)
3. Washington Initiative 694, "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act" Measure (1998)
4. Washington Referendum 20, Abortion Legalization to Four Months Measure (1970)

West Virginia

1. West Virginia Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure (2018)

Wyoming

1. Wyoming Initiative 1, Abortion Ban Measure (1994)

See also

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Footnotes

State ballot measures

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