Energy policy ballot measures

Voters have decided on energy policy ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this includes measures regarding energy production, regulation, and distribution, as well as the funding of energy-related projects. The topic is grouped within the environment and energy policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

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State ballot measure

Environment and energy policy

Energy policy

Related ballot measures

Subtopics of energy policy ballot measures

The following subtopics provide more detailed lists and information:

Carbon emissions regulations Energy conservation and efficiency Energy market regulations Energy transmission projects Fossil fuel energy Hydroelectric energy Nuclear energy Solar and wind energy

Related state and local ballot measure topics

State ballot measures

Land use and development policy Public land policy Utility policy

Local ballot measures

Local energy policy

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Budget and tax policy

Economic regulations Banking policy Business regulations Insurance policy Public economic investment policy Tax policy Business taxes Carbon taxes and fees Fees, licenses, and charges Food and beverage taxes Fuel taxes Income taxes Property taxes Property tax exemptions Sales taxes Severance taxes Tobacco and cigarette taxes Budget policy Balanced budget requirements Budget stabilization funds Debt limits Revenue allocation Revenue and spending limits Restricted-use funds Bond issues Bond issue requirements Tax and revenue administration

Criminal justice and law enforcement policy

Civil law and trials Civil trials Tort law Criminal sentences and trials Bail policy Criminal sentencing Criminal trials Death penalty Juvenile criminal justice Parole policy Drug regulations Alcohol laws Drug crime policy Marijuana laws Psychedelic substance laws Smoking bans Tobacco laws Law enforcement and corrections Corrections governance Law enforcement funding Law enforcement officers and departments Prison and jail funding Prison work regulations Crime victims' rights Dueling bans

Education policy

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Election policy

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Environment and energy policy

Energy policy Carbon emissions regulations Energy conservation and efficiency Energy market regulations Energy transmission projects Fossil fuel energy Hydroelectric energy Nuclear energy Solar and wind energy Hunting and fishing Fisheries and fishing regulations Game and fish commissions Hunting regulations Right to hunt and fish Natural disaster policy Earthquake infrastructure Flood infrastructure and management Storm infrastructure Wildfire management Agriculture policy Animal treatment laws Food policy Forestry and timber Mineral resources Parks, land, and natural area conservation Pollution, waste, and recycling policy

Governance policy

Administrative agencies Administrative organization Administrative powers and rulemaking Local government Local government organization Local government officials and elections Local government finance and taxes State constitutions Constitutional rights Constitutional wording changes State constitution ratification State constitutional conventions State executives Executive branch structure State executive elections State executive powers and duties State legislatures State legislative authority State legislative elections State legislative processes and sessions State legislative structure State legislative vote requirements State judiciary State judicial authority State judicial selection State judiciary oversight State judiciary structure Census policy Civil service Ethics rules and commissions Federal government issues Jury rules Impeachment rules Open meetings and public information Salaries of government officials State capitals State flags, symbols, and holidays Statehood Time standards

Infrastructure policy

Housing policy Homestead tax exemptions Housing assistance programs Housing development funding Rent control and regulations Transportation policy Airport infrastructure Highways and bridges Non-motorized transportation Ports and harbors Public transportation Railways Toll roads Transportation taxes and fees Vehicle and driver regulations Water infrastructure Drinking water systems Sewage and stormwater Water irrigation policy Water storage Eminent domain policy Land use and development policy Public land policy Telecommunications infrastructure Utility policy

Labor, healthcare, and public assistance policy

Labor union policy Collective bargaining Labor disputes and strikes Labor union deductions Right-to-work laws Healthcare policy Complementary and alternative healthcare Healthcare facility funding Healthcare governance Private health insurance Public health insurance Vaccinations and disease policy Work regulations Child labor regulations Gender-based labor regulations Minimum wage laws Paid sick leave laws Workers' compensation laws Working hours regulations Public assistance programs Public employee retirement funds Public works labor and contracting

Military and veteran policy

Defense-related funding Government continuity policy Military service policy Military-related advisory questions Nuclear weapons policy State National Guard and militia Veterans policy

Social issue policy

Abortion policy Affirmative action American Indian issues Assisted death policy Athletics and sports English language policy Family-related policy Firearms policy Gambling policy Immigration policy LGBTQ issues Race and ethnicity issues Religion-related policy Sex and gender issues Sexual content regulations Sunday regulations

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

There are no ballot measures related to this topic that have qualified for the ballot.

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2024

1. California Proposition 4, Parks, Environment, Energy, and Water Bond Measure (2024)
2. South Dakota Referred Law 21, Regulation of Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Referendum (2024)
3. Washington Initiative 2066, Natural Gas Policies Measure (2024)

2023

1. Maine Question 1, Voter Approval of Borrowing Above $1 Billion by State Entities and Electric Cooperatives Initiative (2023)
2. Maine Question 3, Pine Tree Power Company Initiative (2023)
3. Texas Proposition 7, Creation of State Energy Fund Amendment (2023)

2022

1. New York Proposal 1, Environmental Bond Measure (2022)

2021

1. Maine Question 1, Electric Transmission Line Restrictions and Legislative Approval Initiative (2021)

2020

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, North Slope Oil Production Tax Increase Initiative (2020)
2. Louisiana Amendment 2, Include Oil and Gas Value in Tax Assessment of Wells Amendment (2020)
3. Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2020)

2018

1. Arizona Proposition 127, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)
2. Colorado Proposition 112, Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects Initiative (2018)
3. Florida Amendment 9, Ban Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling and Ban Vaping in Enclosed Indoor Workplaces Amendment (2018)
4. Nevada Question 3, Changes to Energy Market and Prohibit State-Sanctioned Electric-Generation Monopolies Amendment (2018)
5. Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)
6. Washington Initiative 1631, Carbon Emissions Fee Measure (2018)

2016

1. Florida Amendment 1, Solar Energy Subsidies and Personal Solar Use Measure (2016)
2. Florida Property Tax Exemptions for Renewable Energy Equipment, Amendment 4 (August 2016)
3. Nevada Legislature to Minimize Regulations on the Energy Market and Eliminate Legal Energy Monopolies, Question 3 (2016)
4. Washington Carbon Emission Tax and Sales Tax Reduction, Initiative 732 (2016)

2014

1. Alaska Oil Tax Cuts Veto Referendum, Ballot Measure 1 (August 2014)

2012

1. California Proposition 39, Out-of-State Business Tax Liability Calculations and Energy Funding Initiative (2012)
2. Michigan Proposal 3, Renewable Energy Requirement Initiative (2012)
3. Utah Amendment A, Place Revenue from the Severance Tax into the State Trust Fund Measure (2012)

2010

1. California Proposition 23, Suspension of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Law Initiative (2010)
2. Georgia Amendment 4, Energy Efficient Project Contracts Measure (2010)
3. Idaho Municipal Electric Bonds, HJR 7 (2010)
4. Maine Question 2, Off-shore Wind Energy Demonstration Site Bond Measure (June 2010)
5. Washington Bonds for Energy Efficiency Projects, Referendum 52 (2010)

2008

1. California Proposition 10, Bonds for Alternative Fuels Initiative (2008)
2. California Proposition 7, Renewable Energy Standards and Market Regulations Initiative (2008)
3. Florida Amendment 3, Property Value Assessment Exemptions Amendment (2008)
4. Missouri Proposition C, Clean Energy Initiative (2008)

2006

1. Alaska Measure 2, Natural Gas Tax Initiative (2006)
2. California Proposition 87, Severance Tax on Oil Producers to Fund Alternative Energy Programs Initiative (2006)
3. Washington Initiative 937, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Standards for Electric Utilities Initiative (2006)

2005

1. California Proposition 80, Regulation of Electric Service Providers Initiative (2005)

2004

1. Colorado Amendment 37, Renewable Energy Sources for Utilities Initiative (2004)
2. Washington Initiative 297, Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Cleanup Measure (2004)

2002

1. Alaska Measure 3, Natural Gas Development Authority Initiative (2002)
2. Montana Electrical Deregulation Changes, IR-117 (2002)
3. Montana Hydroelectric Security Act, I-145 (2002)
4. Utah Initiative 1, Regulate Radioactive Waste and Disposal Measure (2002)

1998

1. California Proposition 9, Prohibition of Utility Taxes, Bond Payments, or Surcharges for Nuclear Power Assets Initiative (1998)
2. Massachusetts Question 4, Electric Utility Industry Referendum (1998)
3. North Carolina Natural Gas Facilities Bonds Referendum (1998)

1996

1. Idaho Radioactive Waste Agreement Initiative, Initiative 3 (1996)
2. Nevada Question 6, State Debt Limit Building Retrofitting Exemption Amendment (1996)

1994

1. North Dakota Coal Trust Fund Expenditures, Measure 1 (1994)

1993

1. Maine Question 6, Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Compact Measure (1993)

1992

1. Oregon Measure 5, Close Trojan Nuclear Power Plant Until Conditions Met Initiative (1992)
2. Oregon Measure 6, Prohibit Trojan Nuclear Power Operations Unless Conditions Met Initiative (1992)

1990

1. North Dakota Resources Trust Fund, Measure 2 (1990)
2. Oregon Measure 4, Trojan Nuclear Power Plant Standards Initiative (1990)

1989

1. Maine Question 13, Approve Rocky Mountain Low-Level Radioactive Waste Board Disposal Agreement Measure (1989)

1988

1. Massachusetts Question 4, Prohibition on Nuclear Energy Initiative (1988)
2. Nebraska Initiative Measure 402, Radioactive Waste Compact Withdrawal Measure (1988)
3. Washington HJR 4223, Extension of Energy Conservation Amendment (1988)

1987

1. Maine Question 1, Yankee Nuclear Power Plant Waste Measure (1987)
2. Oregon Measure 1, Challenge Federal Selection of Nuclear Waste Repositories Measure (May 1987)

1986

1. North Carolina Support for Radioactive Waste Disposal Site Advisory Question (May 1986)
2. Oregon Measure 14, Prohibition of Nuclear Plant Operations Without Licensed Waste Sites Initiative (1986)
3. Oregon Measure 15, Definition of Radioactive Waste Initiative (1986)
4. Washington Referendum 40, Nuclear Waste Disposal Measure (1986)

1985

1. Maine Direct Democracy on Nuclear Waste Disposal and Storage, Low Level Radioactive Waste Siting Issue 1 (1985)
2. Maine Question 3, Bond Issue to Fund Centers for Advanced Technology Measure (1985)
3. Ohio Bonds Issue for Coal Research and Development Amendment (1985)
4. South Dakota Question 1, Radioactive Waste Management Compact Measure (1985)

1984

1. Missouri Proposition B, Utility Rate Regulation and Limits on Cost Recovery for Abandoned Plants, Overruns, and Nuclear Waste Initiative (1984)
2. Oregon Measure 9, Requirements for Disposing Radioactive Isotopes Initiative (1984)
3. South Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Nuclear Waste Disposal Measure (1984)

1983

1. Louisiana Windfall Revenue Amendment (October 1983)
2. Washington SJR 112, Energy Conservation Funds Amendment (1983)
3. Wisconsin Question 1, Radioactive Waste Disposal Site Advisory Question (April 1983)

1982

1. Idaho Nuclear Energy Initiative, Initiative 3 (1982)
2. Louisiana Ad Valorem Tax on Coal and Lignite Amendment (1982)
3. Maine Question 3, Nuclear Fission for Electricity Prohibition Initiative (1982)
4. Massachusetts Question 3, Construction and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and Radioactive Waste Facilities Initiative (1982)
5. Montana Remove Prohibition on Disposal of Radioactive Waste, LR-89 (1982)
6. Nevada Question 1, Property Tax Exemption Amendment (1982)

1981

1. Maine Referendum Question No. 3, Energy Conservation for State Buildings Bond Measure (1981)
2. Washington Initiative 394, Voter Approval for Energy Project Bonds Measure (1981)

1980

1. Alaska Bonding Proposition C, State Facilities Improvements Bond Measure (1980)
2. California Proposition 11, Energy Related Businesses Surtax Initiative (June 1980)
3. California Proposition 7, Property Valuation with Solar Energy Systems Amendment (1980)
4. California Proposition 8, Bonds for Alternative Energy Sources Amendment (June 1980)
5. Florida Amendment 1, Renewable Energy Tax Exemption Amendment (October 1980)
6. Maine Prohibit Nuclear Fission for Electricity Measure (September 1980)
7. Maine Referendum Question No. 2, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (1980)
8. Missouri Proposition 11, Prohibit Nuclear Power Plants Initiative (1980)
9. Montana Disposal of Radioactive Waste, I-84 (1980)
10. Nebraska Amendment 3, Tax Exemptions for Energy Conservation Improvements Measure (1980)
11. North Dakota Oil Extraction Tax Initiative, Measure 6 (1980)
12. Oregon Measure 3, Bonds for Local Energy Projects Amendment (May 1980)
13. Oregon Measure 7, Voter Approval for Nuclear Waste Facilities Initiative (1980)
14. South Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Uranium Mining and Nuclear Waste Initiative (1980)
15. Washington Initiative 383, Ban on Radioactive Waste Transportation and Storage Measure (1980)

1979

1. Maine Question 3, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (1979)
2. New York Proposal 1, Energy Conservation Transportation Bond Measure (1979)
3. Washington SJR 120, Energy Conservation Financing Amendment (1979)

1978

1. California Proposition 3, Alternative Energy Systems Tax Exemption Amendment (June 1978)
2. Hawaii Restrictions on Nuclear Energy, Amendment 26 (1978)
3. Montana Empowering Voters to Approve Proposed Nuclear Facilities, I-80 (1978)
4. Nebraska Amendment 3, Energy Tax Exemptions Amendment (1978)
5. Texas Proposition 4, Tax Exemptions for Solar and Wind Powered Energy Devices Amendment (1978)

1977

1. Maine Question 5, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (December 1977)
2. Oregon Measure 2, Energy Ownership, Development, and Funding Amendment (1977)

1976

1. Arizona Proposition 200, Legislative Approval of Nuclear Facilities Initiative (1976)
2. California Proposition 12, Loans for Energy Product Installations Amendment (1976)
3. California Proposition 15, Nuclear Power Plant Initiative (June 1976)
4. California Proposition 3, Solar Heating and Cooling and Energy Insulation Bond Measure (1976)
5. Colorado Amendment No. 3, Construction and Expansion of Nuclear Fission Power Plants Initiative (1976)
6. Georgia Amendment 6, Solar Energy Tax Exemptions Measure (1976)
7. Massachusetts Question 4, Creation of Massachusetts Power Authority Initiative (1976)
8. Massachusetts Question 7, Require Electric Utilities to Charge Uniform Rates Per Kilowatt Initiative (1976)
9. Massachusetts Question 8, Oil Refinery and Deep Water Port Advisory Question (1976)
10. Montana Legislative Approval for Nuclear Facilities, I-71 (1976)
11. Ohio Bonds and Loans for Energy Facilities Amendment (June 1976)
12. Ohio Legislative Approval, Hearings, and Liability for Nuclear Power Plants Initiative (1976)
13. Oregon Measure 9, Regulation of Nuclear Power Plant Construction Initiative (1976)
14. Washington Initiative 325, Two-Thirds Vote for New Nuclear Power Facilities Measure (1976)

1974

1. Colorado Amendment No. 4, Municipal Partnership in the Development of Energy Resources Amendment (1974)

1972

1. California Proposition 9, Energy, Fuel, and Air Pollution Regulations Initiative (June 1972)

1962

1. Georgia Amendment 11, Payment for State Oil Well Amendment (1962)
2. North Dakota Power Generating Facilities Bonds, Initiative 1 (1962)

1958

1. Oregon Measure 10, State Power Development Amendment (1958)
2. Rhode Island Establishment of Nuclear Reactor, Proposal 2 (1958)

1956

1. California Proposition 4, California Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Initiative (1956)
2. Georgia Amendment 8, Payment for Commercial Oil Well Amendment (1956)

1950

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 108-109, State Land Leasing for Oil and Gas Exploration and Exploitation Amendment (September 1950)
2. Georgia Amendment 3, Fund Commercial Oil Well Measure (1950)

1948

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 306-307, Licensing and Acquisition Provisions of the Hydroelectric Commission Referendum (1948)

1942

1. South Dakota State Oil and Gas Board and Regulations Referendum (1942)

1940

1. California Proposition 13, State Park Land Leases for Oil and Gas Amendment (1940)

1938

1. California Proposition 10, Huntington Beach Oil Drilling Referendum (1938)
2. California Proposition 24, Drilling on State Tide and Overflowed Lands Referendum (1938)
3. Oklahoma State Question 238, State Oil Inspectors Referendum (1938)

1936

1. California Proposition 4, Tide, Submerged, and Overflowed Lands Initiative (1936)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 312-313, State Development and Distribution of Hydroelectric Power and Creation of Energy Commission Initiative (1936)
3. Oregon Measure Nos. 314-315, State Hydroelectricity Administrative Board Initiative (1936)

1934

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 300-301, Hydroelectricity Development Referendum (1934)
2. Washington Referendum 18, Municipal Energy Measure (1934)

1933

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 310-311, State Power Fund Bonds Measure (July 1933)

1932

1. California Proposition 11, Huntington Beach Tide and Submerged Lands Initiative (1932)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 324-325, State Administration of Hydroelectric Power Initiative (1932)

1930

1. Georgia Amendment 1, City of Elberton Electric System Bonds Measure (1930)
2. Georgia Amendment 6, City of West Point Flood Control Tax Exemptions Measure (1930)
3. Oregon Measure Nos. 324-325, Authorize Creation of Water and Power Utility Districts Initiative (1930)

1929

1. Maine Export of Surplus Hydroelectric Power Measure (September 1929)

1928

1. Idaho Limit Use of Natural Streams, HJR 13 (1928)

1926

1. Georgia Amendment 2, Crisp County Hydroelectric Bonds Measure (1926)
2. Oklahoma State Question 138, Ad Valorem Tax Method Initiative (1926)
3. Oregon Measure Nos. 336-337, Creation of Water and Power Board Initiative (1926)

1925

1. Maine Incorporation of Dexter P. Cooper Measure (September 1925)

1924

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 306-307, Colorado River Power and Irrigation Initiative (1924)
2. Idaho Affirmation of Water Rights, SJR 7 (1924)

1923

1. New York Amendment 3, Water Power Development on Forest Preserve Land Amendment (1923)

1922

1. South Dakota Initiated Law 1, State Hydroelectric Power Plants and Transmission Systems Initiative (1922)

1918

1. South Dakota Amendment F, State Coal Measure (1918)
2. South Dakota Amendment I, State Water Power Measure (1918)

1916

1. South Dakota Amendment 1, State Coal Supplying and Roads Funding Measure (1916)

1914

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 322-323, Electric Poles Regulations Initiative (1914)
2. Oklahoma State Question 75, Oil and Gas Tax Initiative (1914)

1912

1. Utah Amendment 8, Tax Coal and Hydro-carbon Mines Like Metal Mines Measure (1912)

1910

1. Wisconsin Question 3, Water Power and Forest Funding Amendment (1910)

Alaska

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, North Slope Oil Production Tax Increase Initiative (2020)
2. Alaska Bonding Proposition C, State Facilities Improvements Bond Measure (1980)
3. Alaska Measure 2, Natural Gas Tax Initiative (2006)
4. Alaska Measure 3, Natural Gas Development Authority Initiative (2002)
5. Alaska Oil Tax Cuts Veto Referendum, Ballot Measure 1 (August 2014)

Arizona

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 108-109, State Land Leasing for Oil and Gas Exploration and Exploitation Amendment (September 1950)
2. Arizona Measure Nos. 306-307, Colorado River Power and Irrigation Initiative (1924)
3. Arizona Measure Nos. 322-323, Electric Poles Regulations Initiative (1914)
4. Arizona Proposition 127, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)
5. Arizona Proposition 200, Legislative Approval of Nuclear Facilities Initiative (1976)

California

1. California Proposition 10, Bonds for Alternative Fuels Initiative (2008)
2. California Proposition 10, Huntington Beach Oil Drilling Referendum (1938)
3. California Proposition 11, Energy Related Businesses Surtax Initiative (June 1980)
4. California Proposition 11, Huntington Beach Tide and Submerged Lands Initiative (1932)
5. California Proposition 12, Loans for Energy Product Installations Amendment (1976)
6. California Proposition 13, State Park Land Leases for Oil and Gas Amendment (1940)
7. California Proposition 15, Nuclear Power Plant Initiative (June 1976)
8. California Proposition 23, Suspension of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Law Initiative (2010)
9. California Proposition 24, Drilling on State Tide and Overflowed Lands Referendum (1938)
10. California Proposition 3, Alternative Energy Systems Tax Exemption Amendment (June 1978)
11. California Proposition 3, Solar Heating and Cooling and Energy Insulation Bond Measure (1976)
12. California Proposition 39, Out-of-State Business Tax Liability Calculations and Energy Funding Initiative (2012)
13. California Proposition 4, California Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Initiative (1956)
14. California Proposition 4, Parks, Environment, Energy, and Water Bond Measure (2024)
15. California Proposition 4, Tide, Submerged, and Overflowed Lands Initiative (1936)
16. California Proposition 7, Property Valuation with Solar Energy Systems Amendment (1980)
17. California Proposition 7, Renewable Energy Standards and Market Regulations Initiative (2008)
18. California Proposition 8, Bonds for Alternative Energy Sources Amendment (June 1980)
19. California Proposition 80, Regulation of Electric Service Providers Initiative (2005)
20. California Proposition 87, Severance Tax on Oil Producers to Fund Alternative Energy Programs Initiative (2006)
21. California Proposition 9, Energy, Fuel, and Air Pollution Regulations Initiative (June 1972)
22. California Proposition 9, Prohibition of Utility Taxes, Bond Payments, or Surcharges for Nuclear Power Assets Initiative (1998)

Colorado

1. Colorado Amendment 37, Renewable Energy Sources for Utilities Initiative (2004)
2. Colorado Amendment No. 3, Construction and Expansion of Nuclear Fission Power Plants Initiative (1976)
3. Colorado Amendment No. 4, Municipal Partnership in the Development of Energy Resources Amendment (1974)
4. Colorado Proposition 112, Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects Initiative (2018)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 1, Renewable Energy Tax Exemption Amendment (October 1980)
2. Florida Amendment 1, Solar Energy Subsidies and Personal Solar Use Measure (2016)
3. Florida Amendment 3, Property Value Assessment Exemptions Amendment (2008)
4. Florida Amendment 9, Ban Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling and Ban Vaping in Enclosed Indoor Workplaces Amendment (2018)
5. Florida Property Tax Exemptions for Renewable Energy Equipment, Amendment 4 (August 2016)

Georgia

1. Georgia Amendment 1, City of Elberton Electric System Bonds Measure (1930)
2. Georgia Amendment 11, Payment for State Oil Well Amendment (1962)
3. Georgia Amendment 2, Crisp County Hydroelectric Bonds Measure (1926)
4. Georgia Amendment 3, Fund Commercial Oil Well Measure (1950)
5. Georgia Amendment 4, Energy Efficient Project Contracts Measure (2010)
6. Georgia Amendment 6, City of West Point Flood Control Tax Exemptions Measure (1930)
7. Georgia Amendment 6, Solar Energy Tax Exemptions Measure (1976)
8. Georgia Amendment 8, Payment for Commercial Oil Well Amendment (1956)

Hawaii

1. Hawaii Restrictions on Nuclear Energy, Amendment 26 (1978)

Idaho

1. Idaho Affirmation of Water Rights, SJR 7 (1924)
2. Idaho Limit Use of Natural Streams, HJR 13 (1928)
3. Idaho Municipal Electric Bonds, HJR 7 (2010)
4. Idaho Nuclear Energy Initiative, Initiative 3 (1982)
5. Idaho Radioactive Waste Agreement Initiative, Initiative 3 (1996)

Louisiana

1. Louisiana Ad Valorem Tax on Coal and Lignite Amendment (1982)
2. Louisiana Amendment 2, Include Oil and Gas Value in Tax Assessment of Wells Amendment (2020)
3. Louisiana Windfall Revenue Amendment (October 1983)

Maine

1. Maine Direct Democracy on Nuclear Waste Disposal and Storage, Low Level Radioactive Waste Siting Issue 1 (1985)
2. Maine Export of Surplus Hydroelectric Power Measure (September 1929)
3. Maine Incorporation of Dexter P. Cooper Measure (September 1925)
4. Maine Prohibit Nuclear Fission for Electricity Measure (September 1980)
5. Maine Question 1, Electric Transmission Line Restrictions and Legislative Approval Initiative (2021)
6. Maine Question 1, Voter Approval of Borrowing Above $1 Billion by State Entities and Electric Cooperatives Initiative (2023)
7. Maine Question 1, Yankee Nuclear Power Plant Waste Measure (1987)
8. Maine Question 13, Approve Rocky Mountain Low-Level Radioactive Waste Board Disposal Agreement Measure (1989)
9. Maine Question 2, Off-shore Wind Energy Demonstration Site Bond Measure (June 2010)
10. Maine Question 3, Bond Issue to Fund Centers for Advanced Technology Measure (1985)
11. Maine Question 3, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (1979)
12. Maine Question 3, Nuclear Fission for Electricity Prohibition Initiative (1982)
13. Maine Question 3, Pine Tree Power Company Initiative (2023)
14. Maine Question 5, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (December 1977)
15. Maine Question 6, Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Compact Measure (1993)
16. Maine Referendum Question No. 2, Energy Conservation Improvements Bond Measure (1980)
17. Maine Referendum Question No. 3, Energy Conservation for State Buildings Bond Measure (1981)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Question 3, Construction and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants and Radioactive Waste Facilities Initiative (1982)
2. Massachusetts Question 4, Creation of Massachusetts Power Authority Initiative (1976)
3. Massachusetts Question 4, Electric Utility Industry Referendum (1998)
4. Massachusetts Question 4, Prohibition on Nuclear Energy Initiative (1988)
5. Massachusetts Question 7, Require Electric Utilities to Charge Uniform Rates Per Kilowatt Initiative (1976)
6. Massachusetts Question 8, Oil Refinery and Deep Water Port Advisory Question (1976)

Michigan

1. Michigan Proposal 3, Renewable Energy Requirement Initiative (2012)

Missouri

1. Missouri Proposition 11, Prohibit Nuclear Power Plants Initiative (1980)
2. Missouri Proposition B, Utility Rate Regulation and Limits on Cost Recovery for Abandoned Plants, Overruns, and Nuclear Waste Initiative (1984)
3. Missouri Proposition C, Clean Energy Initiative (2008)

Montana

1. Montana Disposal of Radioactive Waste, I-84 (1980)
2. Montana Electrical Deregulation Changes, IR-117 (2002)
3. Montana Empowering Voters to Approve Proposed Nuclear Facilities, I-80 (1978)
4. Montana Hydroelectric Security Act, I-145 (2002)
5. Montana Legislative Approval for Nuclear Facilities, I-71 (1976)
6. Montana Remove Prohibition on Disposal of Radioactive Waste, LR-89 (1982)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Amendment 3, Energy Tax Exemptions Amendment (1978)
2. Nebraska Amendment 3, Tax Exemptions for Energy Conservation Improvements Measure (1980)
3. Nebraska Initiative Measure 402, Radioactive Waste Compact Withdrawal Measure (1988)

Nevada

1. Nevada Legislature to Minimize Regulations on the Energy Market and Eliminate Legal Energy Monopolies, Question 3 (2016)
2. Nevada Question 1, Property Tax Exemption Amendment (1982)
3. Nevada Question 3, Changes to Energy Market and Prohibit State-Sanctioned Electric-Generation Monopolies Amendment (2018)
4. Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)
5. Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2020)
6. Nevada Question 6, State Debt Limit Building Retrofitting Exemption Amendment (1996)

New York

1. New York Amendment 3, Water Power Development on Forest Preserve Land Amendment (1923)
2. New York Proposal 1, Energy Conservation Transportation Bond Measure (1979)
3. New York Proposal 1, Environmental Bond Measure (2022)

North Carolina

1. North Carolina Natural Gas Facilities Bonds Referendum (1998)
2. North Carolina Support for Radioactive Waste Disposal Site Advisory Question (May 1986)

North Dakota

1. North Dakota Coal Trust Fund Expenditures, Measure 1 (1994)
2. North Dakota Oil Extraction Tax Initiative, Measure 6 (1980)
3. North Dakota Power Generating Facilities Bonds, Initiative 1 (1962)
4. North Dakota Resources Trust Fund, Measure 2 (1990)

Ohio

1. Ohio Bonds Issue for Coal Research and Development Amendment (1985)
2. Ohio Bonds and Loans for Energy Facilities Amendment (June 1976)
3. Ohio Legislative Approval, Hearings, and Liability for Nuclear Power Plants Initiative (1976)

Oklahoma

1. Oklahoma State Question 138, Ad Valorem Tax Method Initiative (1926)
2. Oklahoma State Question 238, State Oil Inspectors Referendum (1938)
3. Oklahoma State Question 75, Oil and Gas Tax Initiative (1914)

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 1, Challenge Federal Selection of Nuclear Waste Repositories Measure (May 1987)
2. Oregon Measure 10, State Power Development Amendment (1958)
3. Oregon Measure 14, Prohibition of Nuclear Plant Operations Without Licensed Waste Sites Initiative (1986)
4. Oregon Measure 15, Definition of Radioactive Waste Initiative (1986)
5. Oregon Measure 2, Energy Ownership, Development, and Funding Amendment (1977)
6. Oregon Measure 3, Bonds for Local Energy Projects Amendment (May 1980)
7. Oregon Measure 4, Trojan Nuclear Power Plant Standards Initiative (1990)
8. Oregon Measure 5, Close Trojan Nuclear Power Plant Until Conditions Met Initiative (1992)
9. Oregon Measure 6, Prohibit Trojan Nuclear Power Operations Unless Conditions Met Initiative (1992)
10. Oregon Measure 7, Voter Approval for Nuclear Waste Facilities Initiative (1980)
11. Oregon Measure 9, Regulation of Nuclear Power Plant Construction Initiative (1976)
12. Oregon Measure 9, Requirements for Disposing Radioactive Isotopes Initiative (1984)
13. Oregon Measure Nos. 300-301, Hydroelectricity Development Referendum (1934)
14. Oregon Measure Nos. 306-307, Licensing and Acquisition Provisions of the Hydroelectric Commission Referendum (1948)
15. Oregon Measure Nos. 310-311, State Power Fund Bonds Measure (July 1933)
16. Oregon Measure Nos. 312-313, State Development and Distribution of Hydroelectric Power and Creation of Energy Commission Initiative (1936)
17. Oregon Measure Nos. 314-315, State Hydroelectricity Administrative Board Initiative (1936)
18. Oregon Measure Nos. 324-325, Authorize Creation of Water and Power Utility Districts Initiative (1930)
19. Oregon Measure Nos. 324-325, State Administration of Hydroelectric Power Initiative (1932)
20. Oregon Measure Nos. 336-337, Creation of Water and Power Board Initiative (1926)

Rhode Island

1. Rhode Island Establishment of Nuclear Reactor, Proposal 2 (1958)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Amendment 1, State Coal Supplying and Roads Funding Measure (1916)
2. South Dakota Amendment F, State Coal Measure (1918)
3. South Dakota Amendment I, State Water Power Measure (1918)
4. South Dakota Initiated Law 1, State Hydroelectric Power Plants and Transmission Systems Initiative (1922)
5. South Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Nuclear Waste Disposal Measure (1984)
6. South Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Uranium Mining and Nuclear Waste Initiative (1980)
7. South Dakota Question 1, Radioactive Waste Management Compact Measure (1985)
8. South Dakota Referred Law 21, Regulation of Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Referendum (2024)
9. South Dakota State Oil and Gas Board and Regulations Referendum (1942)

Texas

1. Texas Proposition 4, Tax Exemptions for Solar and Wind Powered Energy Devices Amendment (1978)
2. Texas Proposition 7, Creation of State Energy Fund Amendment (2023)

Utah

1. Utah Amendment 8, Tax Coal and Hydro-carbon Mines Like Metal Mines Measure (1912)
2. Utah Amendment A, Place Revenue from the Severance Tax into the State Trust Fund Measure (2012)
3. Utah Initiative 1, Regulate Radioactive Waste and Disposal Measure (2002)

Washington

1. Washington Bonds for Energy Efficiency Projects, Referendum 52 (2010)
2. Washington Carbon Emission Tax and Sales Tax Reduction, Initiative 732 (2016)
3. Washington HJR 4223, Extension of Energy Conservation Amendment (1988)
4. Washington Initiative 1631, Carbon Emissions Fee Measure (2018)
5. Washington Initiative 2066, Natural Gas Policies Measure (2024)
6. Washington Initiative 297, Mixed Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Cleanup Measure (2004)
7. Washington Initiative 325, Two-Thirds Vote for New Nuclear Power Facilities Measure (1976)
8. Washington Initiative 383, Ban on Radioactive Waste Transportation and Storage Measure (1980)
9. Washington Initiative 394, Voter Approval for Energy Project Bonds Measure (1981)
10. Washington Initiative 937, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Standards for Electric Utilities Initiative (2006)
11. Washington Referendum 18, Municipal Energy Measure (1934)
12. Washington Referendum 40, Nuclear Waste Disposal Measure (1986)
13. Washington SJR 112, Energy Conservation Funds Amendment (1983)
14. Washington SJR 120, Energy Conservation Financing Amendment (1979)

Wisconsin

1. Wisconsin Question 1, Radioactive Waste Disposal Site Advisory Question (April 1983)
2. Wisconsin Question 3, Water Power and Forest Funding Amendment (1910)

See also

State & Local Ballot Measures

Ballotpedia

Measures

• • State ballot measures
• • Local ballot measures
• • Analyses

Topics

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• • Local ballot measure topics

Law

• • Laws governing ballot measures
• • Changes to laws governing ballot measures
• • Types of ballot measures
• • Ballot measure policy topics

History

• • Historical Ballot Measures (HBM) Factbooks
• • History of ballot measures by topic

Campaigns

• • Campaign finance
• • Endorsements
• • Polls

Footnotes

State ballot measures

State

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