Forms of direct democracy in the American states

From Ballotpedia

Ballot Basics
Amendments
Legislative referrals Citizen initiatives
Statutes
Legislative referrals Citizen initiatives
Veto referendum
Bond issue
Recall

The seven generally acknowledged forms of direct democracy are the legislatively-referred constitutional amendment, the legislatively-referred state statute, the initiated state statute (direct or indirect), the initiated constitutional amendment, the veto referendum (sometimes called the citizen referendum or the statute referendum), the statute affirmation (available only in Nevada), and statewide recall.

• Eight states enable the six most common forms of direct democracy. Those seven states are Arizona, California, Colorado, Michigan, Montana, Nevada (which also has the statute affirmation), North Dakota and Oregon.
• The chart below doesn't include the statute affirmation as a category since it is only available in one state.
• Delaware is the only state whose citizens are not empowered to ratify or reject legislatively-referred constitutional amendments at the ballot box.

State	Referred statute	Referred amendment	Initiated statute	Initiated amendment	Veto referendum	Recall
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois				(Limited)
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
TOTALS		49	22	18	25	18

External links

• Chart of direct democracy options available by state

v • d • e Types of ballot measures General terms Initiated state statute • Initiated constitutional amendment • Indirect initiated state statute • Indirect initiative amendment • Indirect initiative • Legislative referral • Legislatively-referred state statute • Legislatively-referred constitutional amendment • Commission referral • Statute affirmation • Automatic ballot referral • Veto referendum • Constitutional convention • Bond issue • Recall State-specific terms Ballot question (Colorado) • Initiatives to the Legislature (Washington) • Initiatives to the People (Washington) • Referendum (Colorado) • Legislative Referendum (Michigan) • Referendum Bill (Washington) • Referendum Election (Navajo Nation) Local terms City council ballot referral • Redevelopment and Housing Authority Referendum (Virginia) • Reverse referendum (Minnesota) • Tax rate recall referendum (Kentucky)