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Laws governing the initiative process

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State laws
Initiative law Recall law Statutory changes
Court cases
Lawsuit news Ballot access rulings Recent court cases Petitioner access Ballot title challenges Superseding initiatives Signature challenges
Laws governing local ballot measures

1 Laws by state
- 1.1 Initiative states
- 1.2 Referendum only
2 Changes over time
3 See also

Laws governing the initiative process articles explain the process for placing an initiative on the ballot in each state that allows initiative and referendum.

Laws by state

Note: We are currently overhauling our laws articles with updated information and a standard, easy-to-read format.

Initiative states

Laws governing the initiative process in Alaska *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Arizona *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Arkansas *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in California *In Progress...
Laws governing the initiative process in Colorado *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Florida *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Idaho *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Maine *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Massachusetts *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Michigan *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Mississippi *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Missouri *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Montana *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Nebraska *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Nevada *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in North Dakota *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Ohio *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Oklahoma *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Oregon *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in South Dakota *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Utah *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Washington *Updated
Laws governing the initiative process in Wyoming *Updated

Referendum only

Changes over time

v • d • e Laws governing ballot measures

Laws governing ballot measures	Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Laws governing initiatives	Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Florida · Idaho · Maine · Massachusetts · Michigan · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · New Mexico · Nevada · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · South Dakota · Utah · Washington · Wyoming

Laws governing recall	Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Florida • Georgia • Idaho • Illinois • Kansas • Louisiana • Maine • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Rhode Island • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Laws governing local ballot measures	Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Signature requirements	Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Florida • Idaho • Illinois • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Mexico • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • South Dakota • Utah • Washington • Washington, D.C. • Wyoming

Lawsuits	2010 litigation • 2009 litigation • 2008 litigation • Ballot title litigation • Lawsuit news • Pay-per-signature litigation • Petitioner access • Post-certification signature challenges • Prohibited subjects • Signature challenges • Signature recovery lawsuits • Single-subject lawsuits • Superseding initiatives

Signature regulations	Access • Badges • Ballot title issues • Deadlines • Defining a signature • Distribution • Pay restrictions • Signature withdrawal • Residency • Signature numbers • Single subject • Signature transcription

Changes	2007 changes • 2008 changes • 2009 changes • 2010 changes • 2011 changes • 2012 changes • 2013 changes • 2014 changes • Pseudo-reforms of the ballot initiative process

Terms	Ballot summary • Petition • Circulation period • Circulator • Paid circulator • Volunteer circulator • Circulator affidavit • Signer • Valid signature • Forged signature • Fraudulent signature • Invalid signature • Electronic petition signature • Legislative tampering • Registered voter

School bond and tax laws	Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • District of Columbia • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Laws governing campaign finance	Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • District of Columbia • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

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Laws governing the initiative process

Laws governing the initiative process

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Laws by state

Initiative states

Referendum only

Changes over time

See also

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