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2025 Maryland legislative session
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| 2025 Maryland legislative session |
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| General information |
| Scheduled session start: January 8, 2025 Scheduled session end: April 7, 2025 |
| Leadership |
| Senate President William Ferguson IV (D) House Speaker |
| Elections |
| Next Election: November 3, 2026 Last Election: November 8, 2022 |
| Previous legislative sessions |
| 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 |
| Other 2025 legislative sessions |
In 2025, the Maryland General Assembly was scheduled to convene on January 8 and adjourn on April 7.
The legislators serving in this session took office following the 2022 elections. Democrats won a 34-13 majority in the Senate and a 102-39 majority in the House. The party also controlled the governorship, creating a Democratic state government trifecta. At the start of the 2025 session, Maryland was one of seven state legislatures where Democrats had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers.
Leadership in 2025
Maryland State Senate
- Senate president: William Ferguson IV (D)
- Majority leader: Nancy King (D)
- Minority leader: Stephen Hershey Jr. (R)
Maryland House of Delegates
- Speaker of the House: Adrienne Jones (D)
- Majority leader: David Moon (D)
- Minority leader: Jason Buckel (R)
Partisan control in 2025
- See also: State government trifectas
Maryland was one of 15 Democratic state government trifectas at the start of 2025 legislative sessions. A state government trifecta occurs when one political party holds the governor's office, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House. For more information about state government trifectas, click here.
Maryland was also one of seven state legislatures where Democrats had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers. Veto overrides occur when a legislature votes to reverse a veto issued by an executive such as a governor or the president. If one party has a majority in a state legislature that is large enough to override a gubernatorial veto without any votes from members of the minority party, it is called a veto-proof majority or, sometimes, a supermajority. To read more about veto-proof supermajorities in state legislatures, click here.
The following tables show the partisan breakdown of the Maryland General Assembly in the 2025 legislative session.
Maryland State Senate
| Party | As of January 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 34 | |
| Republican Party | 13 | |
| Total | 47 | |
Maryland House of Delegates
| Party | As of January 2025 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 101 | |
| Republican Party | 39 | |
| Vacant | 1 | |
| Total | 141 | |
Regular session
The list below shows up to 25 pieces of legislation in the 2025 legislative session that most recently passed both chambers of the legislature, were signed by the governor, or were approved by the legislature in a veto override. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation has met these criteria yet in 2025. This information is provided by BillTrack50.
Legislation trackers
- See also: Legislation Trackers
Ballotpedia’s legislation trackers are your go-to resource for staying on top of key legislative topics. We capture any bill introduced on the topic across all of the 50 state legislatures, and we track the movement of the bill every step of the way. We provide real-time updates and translate legislative legalese into easily understandable language. As of the 2025 session, Ballotpedia provided tracking on the following topics. Click on the links below to view related bills from the 2025 session:
Standing legislative committees
A standing committee of a state legislature is a committee that exists on a more-or-less permanent basis, from legislative session to session, that considers and refines legislative bills that fall under the committee's subject matter.
At the beginning of the 2025 legislative session, there were 37 standing committees in Maryland's state government, including 22 joint legislative committees, six state Senate committees, and nine state House committees.
Joint legislative committees
- Administrative, Executive and Legislative Review Committee
- Audit Committee
- Audit and Evaluation Committee
- Behavioral Health & Opioid Use Disorders Committee
- Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays Critical Area Committee
- Children, Youth, and Families Committee
- Cybersecurity, Information Technology, & Biotechnology Committee
- Ending Homelessness Committee
- Fair Practices and State Personnel Oversight Committee
- Federal Relations Committee
- Gaming Oversight Committee
- Investigation Committee
- Joint Committee on Pensions
- Legislative Ethics Committee
- Legislative Information Technology and Open Government Committee
- Legislative Policy Committee
- Management of Public Funds Committee
- Organization & Procedure Committee
- Protocol Committee
- Spending Affordability Committee
- Unemployment Insurance Oversight Committee
- Workers' Compensation Benefit and Insurance Oversight Committee
Senate committees
- Budget & Taxation Committee
- Education, Health & Environmental Affairs Committee
- Executive Nominations Committee
- Finance Committee
- Judicial Proceedings Committee
- Rules Committee
House committees
- Appropriations Committee
- Consent Calendars Committee
- Economic Matters Committee
- Environment and Transportation Committee
- Health & Government Operations Committee
- Joint Committee on Federal Relations
- Judiciary Committee
- Rules & Executive Nominations Committee
- Ways & Means Committee
Legislatively referred constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods by which the Maryland Constitution can be amended:
Article XIV of the Maryland Constitution defines two ways to amend the state constitution—through a legislative process and a state constitutional convention.
Legislature
A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Maryland State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 85 votes in the Maryland House of Delegates and 29 votes in the Maryland State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Convention
According to Section 2 of Article XIV of the Maryland Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 20 years starting in 1970. Maryland is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question.
The table below shows the last and next constitutional convention question election years:
| State | Interval | Last question on the ballot | Next question on the ballot |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maryland | 20 years | 2010 | 2030 |
Historical partisan control
The table below depicts the historical trifecta status of Maryland.
Maryland Party Control: 1992-2025
Twenty-two years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Historical Senate control
Democrats won control of the Maryland State Senate in 1900. In 2022, they won a 34-13 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Maryland Senate following every general election from 1990 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Maryland State Senate election results: 1990-2022
| Year | '90 | '94 | '98 | '02 | '06 | '10 | '14 | '18 | '22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 40 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 35 | 33 | 32 | 34 |
| Republicans | 7 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 13 |
Historical House control
Democrats won control of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1920. In 2022, they won a 102-39 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Maryland House following every general election from 1990 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Maryland House of Delegates election results: 1990-2022
| Year | '90 | '94 | '98 | '02 | '06 | '10 | '14 | '18 | '22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 116 | 100 | 106 | 98 | 106 | 98 | 91 | 99 | 102 |
| Republicans | 25 | 41 | 35 | 43 | 35 | 43 | 50 | 42 | 39 |
Analysis
Adopted legislation, 2011-2024
- See also: The State Legislative Decade - Maryland
In 2024, Ballotpedia released analysis of bills enacted in each state in the preceding decade. The charts and table below detail legislation passed each year by party sponsorship.
See also
| Elections | Maryland State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
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External links
Footnotes
