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Absentee/mail-in voting, 2022

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Elections by state

This article details each state's absentee/mail-in voting procedures for the November 8, 2022, general election.[1] For additional information about absentee/mail-in voting, see this article.

See the sections below for information on:

  • Eligibility
    • This section details whether a state allows all voters, or only voters meeting select eligibility criteria, to vote by absentee/mail-in ballot.
  • Request deadlines
    • This section outlines the deadlines by which voters must submit their requests to vote by absentee/mail-in ballot.
  • Return deadlines
    • This section outlines the deadlines by which voters must return their completed absentee/mail-in ballots.
  • Signature and witness requirements
    • This section details signature and witness/notary requirements for absentee/mail-in ballots.

Eligibility

The table below summarizes whether voters must request to vote absentee and whether an excuse is required to vote absentee.

Absentee/mail-in voting procedures by state
State Absentee/mail-in voting type Description
Alabama Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Alaska Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Arizona Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Arkansas Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
California Automatic mail-in voting Every voter receives a mail-in ballot by default.
Colorado Automatic mail-in voting Every voter receives a mail-in ballot by default.
Connecticut Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Delaware Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Florida Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Georgia Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Hawaii Automatic mail-in voting Every voter receives a mail-in ballot by default.
Idaho Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Illinois Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Indiana Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Iowa Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Kansas Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Kentucky Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Louisiana Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Maine Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Maryland Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Massachusetts Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Michigan Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Minnesota Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Mississippi Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Missouri Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Montana Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Nebraska Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Nevada Automatic mail-in voting Every voter receives a mail-in ballot by default.
New Hampshire Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
New Jersey Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
New Mexico Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
New York Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
North Carolina Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
North Dakota Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Ohio Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Oklahoma Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Oregon Automatic mail-in voting Every voter receives a mail-in ballot by default.
Pennsylvania Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Rhode Island Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
South Carolina Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
South Dakota Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Tennessee Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Texas Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Utah Automatic mail-in voting Every voter receives a mail-in ballot by default.
Vermont Automatic mail-in voting (general elections only) No excuse required.
Virginia Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Washington Automatic mail-in voting Every voter receives a mail-in ballot by default.
West Virginia Request-required absentee/mail-in voting Excuse required.
Wisconsin Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.
Wyoming Request-required absentee/mail-in voting No excuse required.


Request deadlines

The table below summarizes the absentee/mail-in ballot request deadlines and the type of deadline for the November 8, 2022, election.

Absentee/mail-in ballot request deadlines for November 8, 2022
State In-person request deadline Online request deadline Mail request deadline Mail request deadline type
Alabama 11/3/2022 11/1/2022 Received
Alaska 10/29/2022 10/29/2022 10/29/2022 Received
American Samoa 10/25/2022 10/25/2022
Arizona 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 Received
Arkansas 11/4/2022 11/1/2022 Received
California 11/8/2022
Colorado 10/31/2022 10/31/2022 10/31/2022 Received
Connecticut 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received
Delaware 11/4/2022 11/4/2022 11/4/2022 Received
District of Columbia 10/24/2022 10/24/2022 10/24/2022 Received
Florida 10/29/2022 10/29/2022 Received
Georgia 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 Received
Guam 11/5/2022 11/5/2022
Hawaii 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 Received
Idaho 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 Received
Illinois 11/3/2022 11/3/2022 Received
Indiana 10/27/2022 10/27/2022 10/27/2022 Received
Iowa 10/24/2022 10/24/2022 Received
Kansas 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 Received
Kentucky 10/25/2022 10/25/2022 10/25/2022 Received
Louisiana 11/4/2022 11/4/2022 11/4/2022 Received
Maine 11/3/2022 11/3/2022 11/3/2022 Received
Maryland 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 Received
Massachusetts 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 Received
Michigan 11/7/2022 11/4/2022 11/4/2022 Received
Minnesota 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received
Mississippi
Missouri 11/7/2022 10/26/2022 Received
Montana 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received
Nebraska 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 Received
Nevada 10/25/2022 10/25/2022 Received
New Hampshire 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received
New Jersey 11/7/2022 11/1/2022 Received
New Mexico 11/3/2022 11/3/2022 11/3/2022 Received
New York 11/7/2022 10/24/2022 10/24/2022 Received
North Carolina 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 Received
North Dakota 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received
Northern Mariana Islands 10/14/2022 10/14/2022
Ohio 11/5/2022 11/5/2022 Received
Oklahoma 10/24/2022 10/24/2022 10/24/2022 Received
Oregon
Pennsylvania 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 Received
Rhode Island 10/18/2022 10/18/2022 Received
South Carolina 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 Received
South Dakota 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received
Tennessee 11/1/2022 11/1/2022 Received
Texas 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 Received
Utah
Vermont 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received
Virginia 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 10/28/2022 Received
Virgin Islands 10/11/2022 10/11/2022 Received
Washington
West Virginia 11/2/2022 11/2/2022 Received
Wisconsin 11/6/2022 11/3/2022 11/3/2022 Received
Wyoming 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received


Return deadlines

The table below summarizes the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadlines and the type of deadline for the November 8, 2022, election.

Absentee/mail-in ballot return deadlines for November 8, 2022
State In-person return deadline Mail return deadline Mail return deadline type
Alabama 11/7/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Alaska 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
American Samoa
Arizona 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Arkansas 11/4/2022 11/8/2022 Received
California 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Colorado 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Connecticut 11/7/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Delaware 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
District of Columbia 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Florida 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Georgia 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Guam
Hawaii 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Idaho 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Illinois 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Indiana 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Iowa 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Kansas 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Kentucky 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Louisiana 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Received
Maine 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Maryland 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Massachusetts 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Michigan 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Minnesota 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Mississippi 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Missouri 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Montana 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Nebraska 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Nevada 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
New Hampshire 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
New Jersey 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
New Mexico 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
New York 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
North Carolina 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
North Dakota 11/7/2022 11/7/2022 Postmarked
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Oklahoma 11/7/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Oregon 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Pennsylvania 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Rhode Island 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
South Carolina 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
South Dakota 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Tennessee 11/8/2022 Received
Texas 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Utah
Vermont 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Virginia 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Virgin Islands 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Washington 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
West Virginia 11/7/2022 11/8/2022 Postmarked
Wisconsin 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received
Wyoming 11/8/2022 11/8/2022 Received


Signature and witness requirements

The table below summarizes the signature and witness requirements for absentee/mail-in ballots for the November 8, 2022, election.

Absentee/mail-in voting signature and witness requirements by state for November 8, 2022, general election[2]
State Are notary or witness signatures required?
Alabama Yes; either two witnesses older than 18, or a notary public must sign the return envelope.
Alaska Yes; an attesting signature is needed by a witness older than 18 or an official authorized to administer oaths.
Arizona No.
Arkansas No.
California No.
Colorado No.
Connecticut No.
Delaware No.
District of Columbia No.
Florida No.
Georgia No.
Hawaii No.
Idaho No.
Illinois No.
Indiana No.
Iowa No.
Kansas No.
Kentucky No.
Louisiana Yes; the absentee ballot return envelope must be signed by a witness.
Maine No.
Maryland No.
Massachusetts No.
Michigan No.
Minnesota Yes; the absentee ballot envelope must be signed by either a witness who is registered to vote in Minnesota or by an individual authorized to administer oaths.
Mississippi Yes; absentee ballot envelopes must be signed by a notary public or other official authorized to administer oaths.
Missouri Yes; absentee ballot envelopes must be signed by a notary election official, or other officer authorized to administer oaths.
Montana No.
Nebraska No.
Nevada No.
New Hampshire No.
New Jersey No.
New Mexico No.
New York No.
North Carolina Yes; absentee ballot envelopes must be signed by two witnesses who are at least 18 years old or a notary public.
North Dakota No.
Ohio No.
Oklahoma Yes; absentee ballot envelopes must be notarized.
Oregon No.
Pennsylvania No.
Rhode Island Yes; absentee ballot envelopes must be signed by two witnesses or a notary public. Military and overseas voters do not need a signature or notary.
South Carolina Yes; absentee ballot envelopes must be signed by the voter and a witness. Military and overseas voters are exempt from the witness requirement.
South Dakota No.
Tennessee No.
Texas No.
Utah No.
Vermont No.
Virginia Yes; absentee envelopes must be signed by the voter and a witness.
Washington No.
West Virginia No.
Wisconsin Yes; absentee ballots must be signed by the voter and a witness.
Wyoming No.

See also

Footnotes

  1. This article includes information for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five permanently inhabited U.S. territories.
  2. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Table 14: How States Verify Voted Absentee/Mail Ballots," March 15, 2022