Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2026
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← 2024
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| Alabama's 1st Congressional District |
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| Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
| Election details |
| Filing deadline: January 23, 2026 |
| Primary: May 19, 2026 Primary runoff: June 16, 2026 General: November 3, 2026 |
| How to vote |
| Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Voting in Alabama |
| Race ratings |
DDHQ and The Hill: Pending Inside Elections: Solid Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican |
| Ballotpedia analysis |
| U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2026 |
| See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th Alabama elections, 2026 U.S. Congress elections, 2026 U.S. Senate elections, 2026 U.S. House elections, 2026 |
All U.S. House districts, including the 1st Congressional District of Alabama, are holding elections in 2026. The general election is November 3, 2026. The primary is May 19, 2026, and a primary runoff is June 16, 2026. The filing deadline was January 23, 2026. Ballotpedia identified the May 19 Republican primary as a battleground primary. For more on the Republican primary, click here.
This is one of 56 open races for the U.S. House of Representatives this year in which an incumbent is not running for re-election. Across the country, 21 Democrats and 35 Republicans are not running for re-election. In 2024, 45 incumbents — 24 Democrats and 21 Republicans — did not seek re-election.
The outcome of this race will affect the partisan balance of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 120th Congress. All 435 U.S. House districts are up for election.
Currently, Republicans have a 218-214 majority with three vacancies in the chamber.[1] To read more about the U.S. House elections taking place this year, click here. For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:
- Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2026 (May 19 Democratic primary)
- Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2026 (May 19 Republican primary)
Candidates and election results
General election
The candidate list in this election may not be complete.
The primary will occur on May 19, 2026. The general election will occur on November 3, 2026. Additional general election candidates will be added here following the primary.
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Clyde Jones is running in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 3, 2026.
Candidate | ||
 | Clyde Jones (D)  | |
| ||||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
The Democratic primary election was canceled. Clyde Jones advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1.
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
The following candidates are running in the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on May 19, 2026.
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| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Barry Moore (R)
May 19 Republican primary
Ballotpedia identified the May 19 Republican primary as a battleground primary. For more on the Republican primary, click here. For more on the Democratic primary, click here.
Jerry Carl (R), Rhett Marques (R), Joshua McKee (R), and four others are running in the Republican primary for Alabama's 1st Congressional District on May 19, 2026. As of January 2026, Carl, Marques, and McKee led in fundraising and local media attention.[2][3]
Incumbent Barry Moore (R) is running for U.S. Senate rather than seeking re-election. AL.com's Howard Koplowitz and Hannah Denham wrote that "[winning] the race is tantamount to election in the heavily red district, which stretches from the Wiregrass region of Alabama to parts of Mobile and Baldwin counties."[3] As of January 2026, major election forecasters rated the general election as Solid/Safe Republican.
Carl is a former member of the U.S. House. Carl represented the 1st District from 2021–2025 before losing to Moore 52%–48% in the 2024 primary after redistricting placed the two in the same district. He also served on the Mobile County Commission for eight years. Carl's campaign website describes him as "an outsider, a job creator, and a businessman looking to get things done."[4]
Marques was elected to the Alabama House in 2018 and is the owner and operator of an automotive service center. Marques describes himself as "a proven conservative fighter with a strong record of putting Alabama’s families first and protecting our values." Marques' campaign says he "is also routinely called upon to bring Republicans together to support conservative bills...His ability to unify will be critical to the success of the geographically unique district."[5]
McKee is a veteran of the U.S. Army who served in the Green Berets. After leaving the Army, McKee worked for General Motors and Hewlett-Packard. McKee says he is running "to bring mission-focused leadership to Washington, reform broken systems like the VA, and restore the American Dream for Alabama families."[6] McKee says he has "battled America’s enemies overseas – now I’m ready to defeat the enemies of freedom here at home."[7]
Also running in the primary are James Dees (R), John Mills (R), James Richardson (R), and Austin Sidwell (R).
If no candidate wins more than 50% of votes, the top two finishers will advance to a June 16 runoff.
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office:
- U.S. House of Representatives (2021–2025)
- Mobile County Commission (2012–2020)
Biography: Carl attended Lake City Community College and worked as a sales representative. As of the 2026 election, Carl had founded more than ten companies in fields including real estate, healthcare, and furniture manufacturing.
Show sources
Sources: Jerry Carl campaign website, "About," accessed January 21, 2026; Jerry Carl campaign website, "Issues," accessed January 21, 2026; Jerry Carl campaign website, "About," accessed January 21, 2026; Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "CARL, Jerry L.," accessed January 21, 2026
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office:
- Alabama House of Representatives (Assumed office: 2018)
Biography: Marques attended the University of Alabama. As of the 2026 election, Marques had been the owner and operator of an automotive service center for more than 25 years.
Show sources
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Biography: McKee served 25 years in the U.S. Army, Army Reserves, and National Guard. While with the Army, McKee served in the Green Berets and was awarded a Bronze Star. After leaving the armed forces, McKee worked for General Motors and Hewlett-Packard and as an entrepreneur.
Show sources
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Submitted Biography: "I am John Mills, a retired U.S. Navy pilot, aviation professional, and Republican candidate for Congress in Alabama’s 1st District. My life has been shaped by service, discipline, and a deep respect for faith, family, and country. Over the course of my career, I have served in uniform, worked in aviation and technical writing, and stayed involved in efforts that support veterans, national defense, and the communities I care about. Those experiences taught me the value of preparation, accountability, and steady leadership under pressure. I believe America is strongest when government is limited, liberty is protected, families are strengthened, and public servants remember they answer to the people. That belief is what led me to run for Congress. I am offering voters a candidacy grounded in real-world service, constitutional conviction, and a commitment to represent the people of South Alabama with honesty, courage, and common sense."
See more
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Submitted Biography: "Mr. Clyde W. Jones, Jr. is a native of Charles City, Va. He is a Retired U.S. Army First Sergeant with 21 years of service as a Signal Communications Solider. He is also a Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom II Veteran as well as a Bronze Star Recipient. He relocated to South Alabama for his job with DuPont in January 2013. He and his family moved to Baldwin County in August 2013. Mr. Jones received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Liberal Arts with a focus in Administration and Management from Excelsior University-Albany, NY. He is an Associate Minister at Macedonia Missionary Baptist Church in Daphne, AL. Mr. Jones retired from FMC Agriculture Solutions as a Process Safety Management Coordinator in May 2024. He served two years as the President of the Board of Directors for the nonprofit Alabama Arise, he is on the Steering Committee for Leadership Baldwin, and on the Executive Committee for the Commission on Social Justice and Racial Reconciliation of the Episcopal Diocese of the Gulf Coast."
Voting information
- See also: Voting in Alabama
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
| Collapse all
Clyde Jones (D)
Comprehensive healthcare for all. No exceptions and nobody left behind. Hard working taxpayers of Alabama should never have to fear financial ruin from a health emergency.
Total government transparency. No politics. No excuses. 100% honesty and accountability for our citizens. They deserve to know the truth of what our government is...and why.
Clyde Jones (D)
Campaign finance
| Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clyde Jones | Democratic Party | $12,765 | $1,080 | $11,685 | As of December 31, 2025 |
| Jerry Carl | Republican Party | $480,928 | $242,238 | $307,981 | As of December 31, 2025 |
| James Dees | Republican Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
| Rhett Marques | Republican Party | $875,879 | $100,657 | $775,222 | As of December 31, 2025 |
| Joshua McKee | Republican Party | $339,762 | $74,407 | $265,355 | As of December 31, 2025 |
| John Mills | Republican Party | $11,061 | $12,757 | $362 | As of December 31, 2025 |
| James Richardson | Republican Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
| Austin Sidwell | Republican Party | $74,848 | $50,609 | $24,239 | As of December 31, 2025 |
|
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2026. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
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General election race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[8]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[9][10][11]
| Race ratings: Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2026 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| 3/17/2026 | 3/10/2026 | 3/3/2026 | 2/24/2026 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Decision Desk HQ and The Hill | Pending | Pending | Pending | Pending | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. | |||||||||
Ballot access
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Alabama in the 2026 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Alabama, click here.
| Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2026 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
| Alabama | U.S. House | Ballot-qualified party | N/A | Fixed by party | 1/23/2026 | Source |
| Alabama | U.S. House | Unaffiliated | 3% of all votes cast for governor in the district in the last election | N/A | 5/19/2026 | Source |
District history
The section below details election results for this office in elections dating back to 2020.
General election
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Incumbent Barry Moore (R) defeated Tom Holmes (D) in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Barry Moore (R) | 78.4 | 258,619 |
 | Tom Holmes (D) | 21.5 | 70,929 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.1% | 306 | ||
| Total votes: 329,854 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
The Democratic primary scheduled for March 5, 2024, was canceled. Tom Holmes (D) advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 without appearing on the ballot.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Gary Johnson (D)
Republican primary
Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Incumbent Barry Moore (R) defeated incumbent Jerry Carl (R) in the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Barry Moore | 51.7 | 53,956 |
 | Jerry Carl | 48.3 | 50,312 | |
| Total votes: 104,268 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Nathan Woodring (R)
General election
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Incumbent Jerry Carl (R) defeated Alexander Remrey (L) in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jerry Carl (R) | 83.6 | 140,592 |
 | Alexander Remrey (L) | 15.7 | 26,369 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.7% | 1,189 | ||
| Total votes: 168,150 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
The Democratic primary scheduled for May 24, 2022, was canceled.
Republican primary
The Republican primary scheduled for May 24, 2022, was canceled. Incumbent Jerry Carl (R) advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 without appearing on the ballot.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Peter Alcorn (R)
General election
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Jerry Carl (R) defeated James Averhart (D) in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jerry Carl (R) | 64.4 | 211,825 |
 | James Averhart (D) | 35.5 | 116,949 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.1% | 301 | ||
| Total votes: 329,075 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary runoff
Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1
James Averhart (D) defeated Kiani Gardner (D) in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on July 14, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | James Averhart | 56.7 | 15,840 |
 | Kiani Gardner | 43.3 | 12,102 | |
| Total votes: 27,942 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary runoff
Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Jerry Carl (R) defeated Bill Hightower (R) in the Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on July 14, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jerry Carl | 52.3 | 44,421 |
 | Bill Hightower | 47.7 | 40,552 | |
| Total votes: 84,973 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary
Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Kiani Gardner (D) and James Averhart (D) advanced to a runoff. They defeated Frederick Collins (D) in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Kiani Gardner | 44.1 | 22,962 |
| ✔ | | James Averhart | 40.3 | 21,022 |
 | Frederick Collins | 15.6 | 8,119 | |
| Total votes: 52,103 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary
Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Jerry Carl (R) and Bill Hightower (R) advanced to a runoff. They defeated Chris Pringle (R), Wes Lambert (R), and John Castorani (R) in the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jerry Carl | 38.7 | 38,490 |
| ✔ | | Bill Hightower | 37.5 | 37,283 |
 | Chris Pringle | 19.2 | 19,126 | |
 | Wes Lambert | 3.1 | 3,102 | |
 | John Castorani | 1.5 | 1,468 | |
| Total votes: 99,469 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
District analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.
- District map - A map of the district in place for the election.
- Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2026 U.S. House elections in the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
- State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
Below is the district map in place for this election. Click the map below to enlarge it.
This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in Alabama.
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in Alabama in 2026. Information below was calculated on Jan. 23, 2026, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
Twenty-five candidates — 10 Democrats and 15 Republicans — ran for Alabama’s seven U.S. House districts. That’s 3.6 candidates per district. There were 5.1 candidates per district in 2024, three in 2022, 3.6 in 2020, 3.3 in 2018, 2.3 in 2016, and 2.9 in 2014.
One district — the 1st district — was open in 2026 because Rep. Barry Moore (R-1st) ran for the U.S. Senate. There was one open district in 2024, one in 2022, two in 2020, none in 2018, none in 2016, and one in 2014.
Six primaries — two Democratic and four Republican — were contested in 2026. In total, there were eight contested primaries in 2024, five in 2022, five in 2020, seven in 2018, four in 2016, and four in 2014.
Eight candidates — one Democrat and seven Republicans — ran for the open 1st district, the most candidates that ran for a district in 2026.
Three incumbents — all Republicans — faced primary challengers in 2026. There were six incumbents in a contested primary in 2024, one in 2022, one in 2020, three in 2018, four in 2016, and three in 2014.
The 7th district was guaranteed to Democrats because no Republicans appeared on the ballot. Democrats filed to run in all seven districts, meaning none were guaranteed to Republicans.Partisan Voter Index
Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+27. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 27 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Alabama's 1st the 5th most Republican district nationally.[12]
2020 presidential election results
The table below shows what the vote in the 2024 presidential election was in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by The Downballot.
Kamala Harris  | Donald Trump  |
|---|---|
| 22.0% | 77.0% |
Presidential voting history
- See also: Presidential election in Alabama, 2024
Alabama presidential election results (1900-2024)
- 16 Democratic wins
- 14 Republican wins
- 2 other wins
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of Alabama's congressional delegation as of September 2025.
| Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Alabama | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
| Democratic | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Republican | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 7 | 9 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in Alabama's top four state executive offices as of October 2025.
| Office | Officeholder |
|---|---|
| Governor | Kay Ivey |
| Lieutenant Governor | Will Ainsworth |
| Secretary of State | Wes Allen |
| Attorney General | Steve Marshall |
State legislature
Alabama State Senate
| Party | As of February 2026 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 8 | |
| Republican Party | 27 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 35 | |
Alabama House of Representatives
| Party | As of February 2026 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 29 | |
| Republican Party | 76 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 105 | |
Trifecta control
Alabama Party Control: 1992-2025
Six years of Democratic trifectas • Fifteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ A majority in the U.S. House of Representatives, when there are no vacancies, is 218 seats.
- ↑ Yellowhammer News, "First face off for Alabama’s 1st District: Jerry Carl vs. Rhett Marques at Eastern Shore Republican Women candidate forum," October 10, 2025
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 AL.com, "Washington leaders throw money behind GOP opponents running for open Alabama US House seat," October 16, 2025
- ↑ Jerry Carl campaign website, "Home page," accessed January 21, 2026
- ↑ Alabama Political Reporter, "State Rep. Rhett Marques annouces bid for Alabama’s 1st Congressional District," August 22, 2025
- ↑ Joshua McKee campaign website, "Meet Joshua," accessed January 21, 2026
- ↑ Yellowhammer News, "Former Green Beret, Bronze Star recipient announces run for Alabama’s 1st Congressional District," August 20, 2025
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)," accessed July 1, 2025
- ↑ Although he was not on the ballot, Harry F. Byrd (D) won six unpledged electoral votes in Alabama's 1960 election against Richard Nixon (R) and Democratic Party nominee John F. Kennedy. Kennedy won Alabama's popular vote and received five electoral votes.
- ↑ States' Rights Democratic Party
- ↑ American Independent Party
