Alabama's 1st Congressional District

Alabama's 1st Congressional District

Incumbent

Barry Moore

Assumed office: January 3, 2025

Alabama's 1st Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by Barry Moore (R).

As of the 2020 Census, Alabama representatives represented an average of 718,579 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 686,140 residents.

Elections

• 2030
• 2028
• 2026
• 2024
• 2022
• 2020
• 2018

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2030

There are no official candidates yet for this election.

See also: United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, 2028

There are no official candidates yet for this election.

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2026

Note: At this time, Ballotpedia is combining all declared candidates for this election into one list under a general election heading. As primary election dates are published, this information will be updated to separate general election candidates from primary candidates as appropriate.

General election

The general election will occur on November 3, 2026.

General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Clyde Jones (D), Jerry Carl (R), Rhett Marques (R), Joshua Mckee (R), and Austin Sidwell (R) are running in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 3, 2026.

		Candidate
		Clyde Jones (D)
		Jerry Carl (R)
		Rhett Marques (R)
		Joshua Mckee (R)
	Submit photo	Austin Sidwell (R)

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Barry Moore (R)

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2024

General election

General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Incumbent Barry Moore (R) defeated Tom Holmes (D) in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Barry Moore (R)	78.4	258,619
		Tom Holmes (D)	21.5	70,929
		Other/Write-in votes	0.1%	306

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 329,854
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary

The Democratic primary scheduled for March 5, 2024, was canceled. Tom Holmes (D) advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 without appearing on the ballot.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Gary Johnson (D)

Republican primary

Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Incumbent Barry Moore (R) defeated incumbent Jerry Carl (R) in the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Barry Moore	51.7	53,956
		Jerry Carl	48.3	50,312

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 104,268
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Nathan Woodring (R)

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Incumbent Jerry Carl (R) defeated Alexander Remrey (L) in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jerry Carl (R)	83.6	140,592
		Alexander Remrey (L)	15.7	26,369
		Other/Write-in votes	0.7%	1,189

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 168,150
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary

The Democratic primary scheduled for May 24, 2022, was canceled.

Republican primary

The Republican primary scheduled for May 24, 2022, was canceled. Incumbent Jerry Carl (R) advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 without appearing on the ballot.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Peter Alcorn (R)

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2020

General election

General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Jerry Carl (R) defeated James Averhart (D) in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jerry Carl (R)	64.4	211,825
		James Averhart (D)	35.5	116,949
		Other/Write-in votes	0.1%	301

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 329,075
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary runoff

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1

James Averhart (D) defeated Kiani Gardner (D) in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on July 14, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		James Averhart	56.7	15,840
		Kiani Gardner	43.3	12,102

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 27,942
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary runoff

Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Jerry Carl (R) defeated Bill Hightower (R) in the Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on July 14, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jerry Carl	52.3	44,421
		Bill Hightower	47.7	40,552

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 84,973
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary

Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Kiani Gardner (D) and James Averhart (D) advanced to a runoff. They defeated Frederick Collins (D) in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Kiani Gardner	44.1	22,962
✔		James Averhart	40.3	21,022
		Frederick Collins	15.6	8,119

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 52,103
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary

Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Jerry Carl (R) and Bill Hightower (R) advanced to a runoff. They defeated Chris Pringle (R), Wes Lambert (R), and John Castorani (R) in the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jerry Carl	38.7	38,490
✔		Bill Hightower	37.5	37,283
		Chris Pringle	19.2	19,126
		Wes Lambert	3.1	3,102
		John Castorani	1.5	1,468

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 99,469
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Chase Anderson Romagnano (R)

See also: United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Incumbent Bradley Byrne (R) defeated Robert Kennedy Jr. (D) in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Bradley Byrne (R)	63.2	153,228
		Robert Kennedy Jr. (D)	36.8	89,226
		Other/Write-in votes	0.1%	163

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 242,617 (100% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary

Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Robert Kennedy Jr. (D) defeated Lizzetta Hill McConnell (D) in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on June 5, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Robert Kennedy Jr.	80.7	27,651
		Lizzetta Hill McConnell	19.3	6,592

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 34,243
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary

Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1

Incumbent Bradley Byrne (R) advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on June 5, 2018.

		Candidate
✔		Bradley Byrne

---

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Previous election results

2016

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Bradley Byrne (R) was unopposed in the general election, as no Democratic candidates filed to run. Byrne defeated Dean Young in the Republican primary on March 1, 2016.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2016

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Bradley Byrne Incumbent	96.4%	208,083
	N/A	Write-in	3.6%	7,810
Total Votes				215,893
Source: Alabama Secretary of State

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 Republican Primary, 2016

Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Bradley Byrne Incumbent	60.1%	71,310
Dean Young	39.9%	47,319
Total Votes		118,629
Source: Alabama Secretary of State

2014

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District elections, 2014

The 1st Congressional District of Alabama held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Bradley Byrne (R) defeated Burton LeFlore (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2014

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Bradley Byrne Incumbent	68.2%	103,758
	Democratic	Burton LeFlore	31.7%	48,278
	N/A	Write-in	0.1%	198
Total Votes				152,234
Source: Alabama Secretary of State

2013

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District special election, 2013

The 1st Congressional District of Alabama held a special election for the U.S. House in 2013. The primary was held on September 24, 2013, followed by a runoff primary election on November 5. Bradley Byrne and Dean Young faced off in the Republican runoff primary. Bradley Byrne defeated Burton LeFlore (D) in the general election on December 17, 2013.

The special election was held to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of Rep. Jo Bonner (R) on August 15, 2013. Bonner resigned to take a job as vice chancellor of government and economic development at the University of Alabama.

2012

See also: Alabama's 1st Congressional District elections, 2012

The 1st Congressional District of Alabama held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012. Incumbent Jo Bonner won re-election in the district.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2012

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jo Bonner Incumbent	97.9%	196,374
	N/A	Write-In	2.1%	4,302
Total Votes				200,676
Source: Alabama Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

2010
On November 2, 2010, Jo Bonner won re-election to the United States House. He defeated David Walter (Constitution) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2010
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jo Bonner incumbent	83%	129,063
	Constitution	David Walter	17%	26,357
Total Votes				155,420

2008
On November 4, 2008, Jo Bonner won re-election to the United States House. He ran unopposed in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2008
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jo Bonner incumbent	98.3%	210,660
	Write-in	N/A	1.7%	3,707
Total Votes				214,367

2006
On November 7, 2006, Jo Bonner won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Vivian Sheffield Beckerle (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jo Bonner incumbent	68.2%	112,944
	Democratic	Vivian Sheffield Beckerle	31.8%	52,770
Total Votes				165,714

2004
On November 2, 2004, Jo Bonner won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Judy Belk (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2004
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jo Bonner incumbent	63.2%	161,067
	Democratic	Judy Belk	36.8%	93,938
Total Votes				255,005

2002
On November 5, 2002, Jo Bonner won election to the United States House. He defeated Judy McCain (D) and Dick Coffee (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2002
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Jo Bonner	60.5%	108,102
	Democratic	Judy McCain	37.8%	67,507
	Libertarian	Dick Coffee	1.7%	2,957
Total Votes				178,566

2000
On November 7, 2000, Sonny Callahan won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Dick Coffee (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2000
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Sonny Callahan incumbent	91.3%	151,188
	Libertarian	Dick Coffee	8.5%	14,031
	N/A	Write-in	0.3%	450
Total Votes				165,669

1998
On November 3, 1998, Sonny Callahan won re-election to the United States House. He ran unopposed in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 1998
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Sonny Callahan incumbent	99.4%	112,872
	N/A	Write-in	0.6%	692
Total Votes				113,564

1996
On November 5, 1996, Sonny Callahan won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Don Womack (D) and Bob Burns (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 1996
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Sonny Callahan incumbent	64.4%	132,206
	Democratic	Don Womack	33.8%	69,470
	Libertarian	Bob Burns	1.6%	3,311
	N/A	Write-in	0.2%	430
Total Votes				205,417

1994
On November 8, 1994, Sonny Callahan won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Don Womack (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 1994
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Sonny Callahan incumbent	67.3%	103,431
	Democratic	Don Womack	32.7%	50,227
	N/A	Write-in	0.1%	109
Total Votes				153,767

1992
On November 3, 1992, Sonny Callahan won re-election to the United States House. He defeated William Brewer (D) and John Garrett (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 1992
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Sonny Callahan incumbent	60.2%	128,874
	Democratic	William Brewer	36.8%	78,742
	Libertarian	John Garrett	3.1%	6,548
	N/A	Write-in	0%	40
Total Votes				214,204

1990
On November 6, 1990, Sonny Callahan won re-election to the United States House. He ran unopposed in the general election.

U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 1990
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Sonny Callahan incumbent	99.6%	82,185
	N/A	Write-in	0.4%	345
Total Votes				82,530

District map

Redistricting

2020-2023

See also: Redistricting in Alabama after the 2020 census

On October 5, 2023, a three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama approved a new congressional district map. The map created a new district with a 48.7% Black voting-age population. In its decision, the panel said that "this plan satisfies all constitutional and statutory requirements while hewing as closely as reasonably possible to the Alabama legislature’s 2023 Plan."

A three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama ruled on September 5, 2023, that the revised congressional district boundaries that the Alabama legislature enacted on July 21, 2023, were not in accordance with the Voting Rights Act. The state adopted the revised congressional map after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 on June 8, 2023, that the state's congressional redistricting plan adopted on November 4, 2021, violated the Voting Rights Act and had to be redrawn to include a second majority-Black district. The federal district court's order said, "this Court concluded that the 2023 Plan did not remedy the likely Section 2 violation found by this Court and affirmed by the Supreme Court. We, therefore, preliminarily enjoined Secretary Allen from using the 2023 Plan in Alabama’s upcoming 2024 congressional elections."

On September 26, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the state's request to use the district boundaries overturned by the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. The decision was unanimous, with none of the justices dissenting. The ruling allowed for the continuation of Special Master Richard Allen's proposed district maps by a panel of federal judges. Lead plaintiff Evan Milligan said the ruling was a "victory for all Alabamians" and "definitely a really positive step." Attorney General Steve Marshall’s office had not issued a statement on the decision as of September 26.

The federal district court ordered its Special Master to submit three proposed remedial plans with the court by September 25, 2023, that comply with the Voting Rights Act and "traditional redistricting principles to the extent reasonably practicable." Alabama Secretary of State Wes Allen's office said it would appeal the federal court's decision to the U.S. Supreme Court. A spokesperson for Allen issued a statement which said, "While we are disappointed in today’s decision, we strongly believe that the legislature’s map complies with the Voting Rights Act and the recent decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. We intend to promptly seek review from the Supreme Court to ensure that the State can use its lawful congressional districts in 2024 and beyond." Special Master Richard Allen submitted the three maps for the judges' consideration on September 25. One map would create a second congressional district in southeastern Alabama with a 50.1% Black voting-age population, while the other two would create districts with either a 48.7% or 48.5% Black population.

How does redistricting in Alabama work? The Alabama State Legislature is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Both chambers of the state legislature must approve a single redistricting plan. State legislative district lines must be approved in the first legislative session following the United States Census. There is no statutory deadline for congressional redistricting. The governor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.

The Alabama Constitution requires that state legislative district lines be contiguous. In addition, the state constitution mandates that state Senate districts "follow county lines except where necessary to comply with other legal requirements."

In 2000, according to All About Redistricting, the legislative committee charged with redistricting "adopted guidelines ... asking that [congressional] districts be contiguous, reasonably compact, follow county lines where possible, and maintain communities of interest to the extent feasible." In addition, the committee agreed to "attempt to avoid contests between incumbents." Similar guidelines apply to state legislative redistricting. At its discretion, the state legislature may change these guidelines, which are non-binding.

Below are the congressional maps in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle. The map on the right was in effect for Alabama’s 2024 congressional elections.

2020

2024

2010-2011

This is the 1st Congressional District of Alabama after the 2001 redistricting process.

See also: Redistricting in Alabama after the 2010 census

In 2011, the Alabama State Legislature re-drew the congressional districts based on updated population information from the 2010 census.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

2026

Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+27. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 27 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Alabama's 1st the 5th most Republican district nationally.

2024

Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+28. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 28 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Alabama's 1st the 7th most Republican district nationally.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 74.7%-24.3%.

2022

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+16. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 16 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Alabama's 1st the 70th most Republican district nationally.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 35.3% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 63.6%.

2018

Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+15. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 15 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Alabama's 1st Congressional District the 79th most Republican nationally.

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.90. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.90 points toward that party.

See also

• Redistricting in Alabama
• Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2024
• Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2022
• Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2020
• Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2018

External links

• United States House of Representatives
• United States House of Representatives from Alabama
• GovTrack District 1

Footnotes

[show]

Alabama's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Katie Britt (R)

Tommy Tuberville (R)

Representatives

District 1

Barry Moore (R)

District 2

Shomari Figures (D)

District 3

Mike Rogers (R)

District 4

Robert Aderholt (R)

District 5

Dale Strong (R)

District 6

Gary Palmer (R)

District 7

Terri Sewell (D)

Republican Party (7)

Democratic Party (2)