Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)
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Alaska Ballot Measure 2 | |
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Election date November 5, 2024 | |
Topic Electoral systems | |
Status![]() | |
Type State statute | Origin Citizens |
Alaska Ballot Measure 2, the Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative, was on the ballot in Alaska as an indirect initiated state statute on November 5, 2024. The ballot measure was defeated.
A "yes" vote supported eliminating the top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting general elections in Alaska, which were adopted in 2020, and establishing a party primary system. |
A "no" vote opposed this ballot initiative, thus keeping top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting general elections in Alaska. |
Election results
See also: Results for ranked-choice voting (RCV) and electoral system ballot measures, 2024
Alaska Ballot Measure 2 |
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Result | Votes | Percentage | ||
Yes | 160,230 | 49.88% | ||
160,973 | 50.12% |
Recount
On November 24, the Alaska Republican Party issued a statement saying a recount would be requested once the election is certified on November 30.[1] Lt. Gov. Nancy Dahlstrom (R) said, "Alaska law ensures the integrity of our elections, and with results as close as these, a recount will be conducted as outlined by statute."[2]
On November 30, the state certified the election results pending the recount. Results showed that Alaska Ballot Measure 2 received 49.89% of the vote. There were 737 more votes for 'No' than 'Yes.'[3]
The recount began on December 3, 2024.[4] Carol Beecher, the director of the Alaska Division of Elections, said the recount will be conducted using high-speed ballot-scanning machines, and images of the ballots will be available to observers. She said, "So each ballot can be looked at to adjudicate whether or not it was an indeterminate mark or correctly marked on the ballot."[5]
On December 9, the recount concluded, finding that there were 743 more votes for 'No' than 'Yes'.[6]
Overview
How would this ballot measure have changed Alaska’s electoral system?
- See also: Measure design
This initiative would have returned Alaska to partisan primaries and general elections in which the candidate who received the highest number of votes won the election. Known as plurality voting or first-past-the-post, the candidate would not have needed to win an outright majority to be elected. This is the most common voting system used in the United States.[7]
In 2020, Alaska voters approved Ballot Measure 2, which was a citizen-initiated ballot measure that replaced partisan primaries with open top-four primaries and established ranked-choice voting (RCV) for general elections, including the presidential election. Under Ballot Measure 2, candidates run in a single primary election, regardless of a candidate's party affiliation. The four candidates that receive the most votes advance to the general election. At the general election, voters elect state and federal candidates using ranked-choice voting. For state executive, state legislative, and congressional elections, voters rank the four candidates that advanced from their top-four primaries. A candidate needs a simple majority of the vote (50%+1) to be declared the winner of an election. If no candidate wins a simple majority of the vote, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated. People who voted for that candidate as their first choice have their votes redistributed to their second choice. The tabulation process continues in rounds until there are two candidates remaining, and the candidate with the greatest number of votes is declared the winner.[8]
Who supported and opposed the measure?
- See also: Support and opposition
Alaskans for Honest Elections and Yes on 2 were leading the campaign in support of the initiative. With campaign finance reports through October 4, 2024, the campaigns reported $489,888.14 in contributions. The Ranked Choice Education Association was the largest donor, contributing $152,000.[9]
Alaskans for Better Elections and No on 2 were leading the campaign in opposition to the initiative. With campaign finance reports through August 10, 2024, the campaigns reported $12.9 million in contributions. The largest donors included Article IV, which contributed $4.42 million, and Unite America PAC, which contributed $4.1 million.[9]
Do other states use ranked-choice voting?
- See also: Ranked-choice voting (RCV)
One other state, Maine, has adopted ranked-choice voting at the state level. Maine voters approved Question 5 in 2016, which adopted ranked-choice voting for congressional, state legislative, and gubernatorial elections. One other state, Hawaii, has implemented RCV in certain statewide elections. In 2022, Nevada voters approved an RCV initiative that needed to be approved again in 2024 to take effect.
As of 2024, fourteen additional states contained jurisdictions that had implemented RCV at the local level. Eleven states had enacted legislation banning the use of ranked-choice voting in statewide or local elections.
Measure design
This measure was designed to replace open top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting general elections with party primaries and a general election where the winner would have been decided by the candidate who received a plurality of votes.[7]
Under this measure, Alaska would have used a party primary process to determine the nominees for political parties in the general election. A political party would have decided whether to hold an open or closed primary. An open primary is any primary election in which a voter does not have to formally affiliate with a political party in order to vote in its primary. A closed primary is a type of primary election in which a voter must affiliate formally with a political party in advance of the election date in order to participate in that party's primary. Voters would only have been able to vote on one primary election ballot. The candidate that received the highest number of votes in a party’s political primary would have proceeded to the general election ballot. For the general election, the winner would have been decided by the candidate who received a plurality of votes.[7]
This measure would have provided for candidates who did not appear on a primary ballot or were not successful in advancing to a general election to file as a write-in candidate. If a candidate died, withdrew, resigned, or became disqualified or incapacitated after the primary election and 64 days or more before the general election, the vacancy could have been filled by party petition.[7]
Text of measure
Ballot question
The ballot question was as follows:[10]
“ | An Act Restoring Political Party Primaries and Single-Choice General Elections This act would get rid of open primary elections and ranked-choice general elections. It would bring back political party primaries and single-choice general elections. Elections will occur exactly as they did before a previous ballot measure changed the election laws in 2022. In the primary election, voters will choose a party’s ballot. They will vote for one candidate and the winning candidate will be the party’s nominee. In the general election, voters will select one candidate. The candidate with the most votes will win. This act would also bring back party petitions, special runoff elections, and other processes in place before 2022. It would put all election laws, except campaign finance laws, back the way they were before 2022. Should this initiative become law? [11] |
” |
Full text
The full text of the ballot initiative is below:[7]
Readability score
- See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2024
Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The lieutenant governor wrote the ballot language for this measure.
The FKGL for the ballot title is grade level 9, and the FRE is 52. The word count for the ballot title is 134.
Support
Yes on 2 was leading the campaign in support of the initiative.[12]
Supporters
Officials
- State Sen. Shelley Hughes (R)
- State Sen. Mike Shower (R)
- State Rep. Julie Coulombe (R)
- State Rep. Thomas McKay (R)
Former Officials
- Former Lt. Gov. Craig Campbell (R)
- Former Gov. Sarah Palin (R)
Organizations
Arguments
Oppose
No on 2 was leading the campaign opposing the initiative.[13]
Opponents
Officials
- State Sen. Catherine Giessel (R)
Former Officials
- State Sen. Gene Therriault (R)
American Indian Tribes
Organizations
- ANCSA Regional Association
- Action Now Initiative
- RepresentWomen
- Sixteen Thirty Fund
- Unite America
Arguments
Campaign finance
Alaskans for Honest Elections and Yes on 2 were registered in support of the initiative.[9] On January 3, 2024, the Alaska Public Offices Commission issued $13,087 in fines to Alaskans for Honest Elections for violating campaign finance regulations, and fined a total of $94,610 to respondents which included Alaskans for Honest Government, Wellspring Ministries, Wellspring Fellowship, Ranked Choice Education Association, Art Mathias, and Phillip Izon. The respondents were fined because they "failed to register with APOC, failed to correctly report contributions and expenditures, failed to provide accurate paid-for-by identifiers on communications, made an unlawful cash contribution, and/or failed to report the true source of contributions to [Alaskans for Honest Elections]," according to the order from the Alaska Public Offices Commission.[14]
Alaskans for Better Elections and No on 2 were the campaigns registered to oppose the initiative.[9]
Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Support | $335,020.23 | $203,576.70 | $538,596.93 | $509,678.40 | $713,255.10 |
Oppose | $14,813,396.35 | $683,010.95 | $15,496,407.30 | $15,089,124.22 | $15,772,135.17 |
Total | $15,148,416.58 | $886,587.65 | $16,035,004.23 | $15,598,802.62 | $16,485,390.27 |
Support
The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committees in support of the measure.[9]
Committees in support of Ballot Measure 2 | |||||
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Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
Alaskans for Honest Elections | $170,280.70 | $201,732.00 | $372,012.70 | $344,913.17 | $546,645.17 |
Yes on 2 | $164,739.53 | $1,844.70 | $166,584.23 | $164,765.23 | $166,609.93 |
Total | $335,020.23 | $203,576.70 | $538,596.93 | $509,678.40 | $713,255.10 |
Donors
The following were the top donors to the committees.[9]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
Ranked Choice Education Association | $150,618.00 | $1,382.00 | $152,000.00 |
Thomas Dunham | $15,000.00 | $0.00 | $15,000.00 |
Dana Cruz | $10,000.00 | $0.00 | $10,000.00 |
David Cruz | $10,000.00 | $0.00 | $10,000.00 |
Opposition
The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committees in opposition to the initiative.[9]
Committees in opposition to Ballot Measure 2 | |||||
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Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
No on 2 | $14,491,075.75 | $318,608.76 | $14,809,684.51 | $14,445,511.54 | $14,764,120.30 |
Alaskans for Better Elections | $322,320.60 | $364,402.19 | $686,722.79 | $643,612.68 | $1,008,014.87 |
Total | $14,813,396.35 | $683,010.95 | $15,496,407.30 | $15,089,124.22 | $15,772,135.17 |
Donors
The following were the top donors to the committees.[9]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
Unite America PAC | $5,500,000.00 | $103,358.00 | $5,603,358.00 |
Article Four | $4,400,000.00 | $20,000.00 | $4,420,000.00 |
Action Now Initiative, LLC | $2,000,000.00 | $0.00 | $2,000,000.00 |
Alaskans for Better Elections, Inc. | $170,000.00 | $124,273.11 | $294,273.11 |
Final Five Fund | $250,000.00 | $0.00 | $250,000.00 |
Background
2020 Alaska Ballot Measure 2
- See also: Alaska Ballot Measure 2 (2020)
The initiative to establish top-four ranked choice voting appeared on the 2020 ballot in Alaska. On November 3, 2020, voters approved the measure by 50.55%-49.45%.
Ballot Measure 2 made changes to Alaska's election policies, including:[15]
- requiring persons and entities that contribute more than $2,000 that were themselves derived from donations, contributions, dues, or gifts to disclose the true sources (as defined by Measure 2) of the political contributions;
- replacing partisan primaries with open top-four primaries for state executive, state legislative, and congressional offices; and
- establishing ranked-choice voting for general elections, including for presidential elections, in which voters can rank the candidates that succeeded from the primaries.
In December 2020, a lawsuit was filed by the Alaskan Independence Party, Scott Kohlhaas, Robert M. Bird, and Kenneth P. Jacobus, against the state, declaring that Ballot Measure 2 was unconstitutional. The plaintiffs argued that Ballot Measure 2 violated their rights to free political association, free speech, and due process under the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution and Article 1 of the Alaska Constitution.[16] On July 29, 2021, Ballot Measure 2 was upheld by Judge Gregory Miller, who wrote in his opinion that plaintiffs had "not met their burden of showing that any part of the new law is unconstitutional on its face."[17] The decision was then appealed to the Alaska Supreme Court. On January 19, the Alaska Supreme Court ruled that the measure was constitutional.[18]
Ranked-choice voting
- See also: Ranked-choice voting
Ranked-choice voting is a voting system where voters are able to rank candidates based on preference on their ballots. Ballots are processed in rounds. If a candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, that candidate is declared the winner. If no candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate in last place is eliminated, lifting the second-choice preference on the ballots. The process is continued until a candidate wins the simple majority (50% plus 1) of the votes.
How ranked-choice voting works
Broadly speaking, the ranked-choice voting process unfolds as follows for single-winner elections:
- Voters rank the candidates for a given office by preference on their ballots.
- If a candidate wins an outright majority of first-preference votes (i.e., 50 percent plus one), he or she will be declared the winner.
- If, on the other hand, no candidates win an outright majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated.
- All first-preference votes for the failed candidate are eliminated, lifting the second-preference choices indicated on those ballots.
- A new tally is conducted to determine whether any candidate has won an outright majority of the adjusted voters.
- The process is repeated until a candidate wins a majority of votes cast.
Ranked-choice voting in the United States
As of September 2025, ranked-choice voting is used in some states and localities across the United States. See the map, tables, and list below for further details. The numbers below do not include states where RCV is used by a political party for partisan primaries, or where military/UOCAVA voters use ranked ballots for runoff elections. For more information on these uses of RCV, see the table beneath the map below.
If you know of any additional U.S. localities using RCV that should be included here, please email editor@ballotpedia.org.[19]
- RCV used statewide: Three states use RCV statewide. Alaska and Maine use RCV in some federal and statewide elections, while Hawaii uses it for certain statewide elections.
- RCV used (or scheduled for use) in some localities: Fourteen states contain localities that either use or are scheduled to begin using RCV in municipal elections.
- RCV prohibited: Seventeen states have adopted law prohibiting the use of RCV in any elections.
- No laws addressing RCV, not in use: Twenty-two states have no laws addressing RCV, and neither the state nor any localities in the state use it.[20]
The map below shows which states use ranked-choice voting statewide or in some localities as of September 2025. It also shows the states where RCV is either prohibited or not addressed in the law. It does not show states where RCV is used by a political party for partisan primaries, or where military/UOCAVA voters use ranked ballots for runoff elections. See the table beneath the map for details on these uses of RCV.
List of state ballot measures by year
The following table provides a list of state ranked-choice voting (RCV) ballot measures:
State | Year | Type | Measure | Position | Yes | No | Outcome |
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Alaska | 2024 | Initiative | Ballot Measure 2: Repeal Top-Four RCV Initiative | Anti-RCV | 49.88% | 50.12% | ![]() |
Colorado | 2024 | Initiative | Proposition 131: Top-Four RCV Initiative | Pro-RCV | 46.47% | 53.53% | ![]() |
Idaho | 2024 | Initiative | Proposition 1: Top-Four RCV Initiative | Pro-RCV | 30.38% | 69.62% | ![]() |
Missouri | 2024 | Referral | Amendment 7: Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit RCV Amendment | Anti-RCV | 68.44% | 31.56% | ![]() |
Nevada | 2024 | Initiative | Question 3: Top-Five RCV Initiative | Pro-RCV | 47.04% | 52.96% | ![]() |
Oregon | 2024 | Referral | Measure 117: RCV for Federal and State Elections Measure | Pro-RCV | 42.30% | 57.70% | ![]() |
Nevada | 2022 | Initiative | Question 3: Top-Five RCV Initiative | Pro-RCV | 52.94% | 47.06% | ![]() |
Alaska | 2020 | Initiative | Ballot Measure 2: Top-Four RCV and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative | Pro-RCV | 50.55% | 49.45% | ![]() |
Massachusetts | 2020 | Initiative | Question 2: RCV Initiative | Pro-RCV | 45.22% | 54.78% | ![]() |
Maine | 2018 | Initiative | Question 1: Overturn RCV Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Legislation Referendum | Pro-RCV | 53.88% | 46.12% | ![]() |
Maine | 2016 | Initiative | Question 5: RCV Initiative | Pro-RCV | 52.12% | 47.88% | ![]() |
Alaska | 2002 | Initiative | Ballot Measure 1: RCV Initiative | Pro-RCV | 36.27% | 63.73% | ![]() |
Path to the ballot
Process in Alaska
In Alaska, the number of signatures required for an indirect initiated state statute is equal to 10 percent of the votes cast in the preceding gubernatorial election. Alaska also has a signature distribution requirement, which requires that signatures equal to 7 percent of the vote in the last general election must be collected in each of three-fourths of the 40 state House districts. Petitions are allowed to circulate for 365 days from the date the lieutenant governor issues petition booklets to be distributed for signature gathering. Signatures must be submitted 365 days after the lieutenant governor issued petition booklets to be distributed for signature gathering or before the legislative session begins, whichever comes first.
The requirements to get an indirectly initiated state statute certified for the 2024 ballot:
- Signatures: 26,705 valid signatures were required.
- Deadline: The deadline to submit signatures was on January 15, 2024.
In Alaska, when enough signatures are verified for an initiative, the initiative is not certified for the ballot until after "a legislative session has convened and adjourned." This gives the Legislature a timeframe to consider the proposal or similar legislation. The initiative is void when “an act of the legislature that is substantially the same as the proposed law was enacted after the petition had been filed, and before the date of the election," according to state law.[21] Otherwise, the initiative is certified to appear on the ballot for the first statewide election 120 days after the legislature's adjournment.
Stages of this ballot initiative
- The initiative, titled "An Act to get rid of the Open Primary System and Ranked-Choice General Election", was filed on November 23, 2022.[22]
- The initiative was approved to circulate on January 22, 2023.[23]
- On January 12, Alaskans for Honest Elections submitted approximately 42,000 signatures to the Alaska Division of Elections.[24]
- On March 8, 2024, the lieutenant governor's office announced that it verified 37,043 signatures.[25]
Sponsors of the measure hired Leading Light Advisors and Top Fundraising Solutions to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. A total of $58,196.17 was spent to collect the 26,705 valid signatures required to put this measure before voters, resulting in a total cost per required signature (CPRS) of $2.18.
Lawsuit
Lawsuit overview | |
Issue: Signature verification; whether the state Elections Division has authority to allow sponsors to fix errors on filed petitions | |
Court: Alaska Third District Superior Court | |
Ruling: The signature process was properly carried out and therefore the initiative was properly placed on the ballot. | |
Plaintiff(s): Elizabeth Medicine Crow, a former president of the First Alaskans Institute; Amber Lee, a political consultant in Anchorage; and Kevin McGee, a past president of the Anchorage branch of the NAACP | Defendant(s): Alaska Division of Elections |
Plaintiff argument: Signatures were collected in an illegal manner and the state Elections Division should not have allowed the sponsors to notarize signature booklets after they were submitted. | Defendant argument: Signatures were legally obtained and submitted. |
Source: AP News
A lawsuit was filed by three voters arguing that the state Elections Division unlawfully instructed the initiative campaign to leave petition booklets unattended and authorized the campaign to notarize the signature booklets after they were submitted. Superior Court Judge Christina Rankin ruled on July 19 in favor of the plaintiffs disqualifying several booklets of signatures and instructing the Elections Division to recount signatures to determine if the measure still qualified for the ballot. On July 23, 2024, the Elections Division reported that the initiative still qualified for the ballot.[26]
On August 22, the Alaska Supreme Court upheld the lower court's order ruling that the Division of Elections properly certified the initiative for the ballot.[27]
How to cast a vote
- See also: Voting in Alaska
See below to learn more about current voter registration rules, identification requirements, and poll times in Alaska.
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ X.com, "Alaska Republican Party," November 24, 2024
- ↑ Must Read Alaska, "Lt. Gov. Dahlstrom approves recount of ballot measure on ranked-choice voting," November 25, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Lieutenant Governor, "Official Results for 2024 General Election," November 30, 2024
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Alaska ranked choice ballot measure recount watched by attorneys in Juneau," December 4, 2024
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Recount of Alaska ranked choice voting measure will likely start Wednesday. Here’s how it will work," December 3, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Public Media, "The recount is over. Alaska will keep ranked choice voting," December 9, 2024
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Alaska Elections, "Initiative Text," accessed January 16, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Alaska's Better Elections Initiative," accessed January 6, 2020
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 APOC Online Reports, "Campaign Disclosure," accessed January 16, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Elections, "Ballot title," accessed September 12, 2024
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Yes on 2, "Homepage," accessed September 3, 2023
- ↑ No on 2, "Homepage," accessed September 3, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Public Offices Commission, "Final Order," accessed January 16, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Alaska's Better Elections Initiative," accessed January 6, 2020
- ↑ Alaska Superior Court, "Kohlhaas v. Alaska," December 1, 2020
- ↑ Alaska Superior Court, "Kohlhaas v. Alaska," July 29, 2021
- ↑ ADN, "Alaska Supreme Court upholds elections ballot measure, state will use ranked-choice voting," accessed January 20, 2022
- ↑ Ranked Choice Voting Resource Center, "Where is RCV Used," accessed January 17, 2023
- ↑ Michigan is included in this category despite numerous local jurisdictions approving the use of RCV. Although Michigan does not explicitly prohibit the use of RCV, state election laws prevent the implementation of RCV. One jurisdiction in the state, Eastpointe, did use RCV between 2019-2023 as a result of federal enforcement under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. The jurisdictions of Ann Arbor, Ferndale, Kalamazoo, East Lansing, and Royal Oak have all authorized the use of RCV and plan to begin using the election method if legislation providing the state's authorization is signed into law.
- ↑ Alaska Department of Elections, "Public Information Packet on Initiatives," accessed January 24, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Initiative Petition List," accessed January 23, 2023
- ↑ Must Read Alaska, "Ready, set: Petition to repeal Ballot Measure 2 has been approved by Lt. Gov. Dahlstrom," January 22, 2023
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Ranked choice voting opponents file petition in quest to overturn Alaska’s voting system," January 12, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Elections, "Notice for Proper Filing," March 8, 2024
- ↑ MSN, "Measure aimed at repealing Alaska's ranked voting system still qualifies for the ballot, officials say," July 23, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Public Media, "Alaska Supreme Court upholds ranked choice repeal initiative, now bound for November vote," August 22, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Polling Place Hours," accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ Find Law, "Alaska Statutes Title 15. Elections 15.15.320. Voters in line when polls close," accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Alaska Division of Elections, "Who Can Register And Who Can Vote?" accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Register to Vote or Update Your Voter Registration," accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Alaska Division of Elections, "State of Alaska Voter Registration Application," accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Department of Revenue, “Automatic voter registration,” accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Presidential Elections," accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ Alaska Department of Revenue, “Automatic voter registration,” accessed March 1, 2023
- ↑ Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
- ↑ Alaska State Legislature, "Alaska Statutes 2018 Sec. 15.15.225 Voter identification at polls," accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 Alaska Division of Elections, "Voting at the Polling Place Election Day," accessed July 15, 2024
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