Alaska State Legislature
| Alaska State Legislature | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type: | State legislature |
| Term limits: | None |
| Session start: | January 19, 2021 |
| Website: | Official Legislature Page |
| Leadership | |
| Senate President: | Peter Micciche (R) |
| House Speaker: | Louise Stutes (R) |
| Majority Leader: | Senate: Shelley Hughes (R) House: TBD |
| Minority Leader: | Senate: Tom Begich (D) House: TBD |
| Structure | |
| Members: | 20 (Senate), 40 (House) |
| Length of term: | 4 years (Senate), 2 years (House) |
| Authority: | Art II, Alaska Constitution |
| Salary: | $50,400/year + per diem |
| Last election: | November 3, 2020 |
| Next election: | November 8, 2022 |
| Redistricting: | Alaska Redistricting Board |
Meeting place: | |
Contents
- 1 Elections
- 2 Sessions
- 3 Non-professional Legislature
- 4 Legislators
- 5 Senate
- 6 House of Representatives
- 7 Veto overrides
- 8 History
- 9 Joint legislative committees
- 10 Constitutional amendments
- 11 See also
- 12 External links
- 13 Footnotes
The Alaska State Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of Alaska. It is a bicameral institution, consisting of the lower Alaska House of Representatives, with 40 members, and the upper house Alaska State Senate, with 20 members. With a total of 60 lawmakers, the Alaska Legislature is the smallest bicameral state legislature in the United States, due to factors including the geographic size of the state, and the state's small population.
The Alaska Legislature meets in the State Capitol building in Juneau.[1]
Alaska has a divided government, and no political party holds a state government trifecta. A trifecta exists when one political party simultaneously holds the governor’s office and majorities in both state legislative chambers. As of July 7, 2021, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 12 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control.
In the 2020 election, Republicans had a net gain of two trifectas and two states under divided government became trifectas. Prior to that election, Alaska had a divided government. There were 21 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 14 divided governments.
Elections
2022
Elections for the Alaska State Senate will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022.
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022.
2020
Elections for the office of Alaska State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 18, 2020. The filing deadline was June 1, 2020.
Elections for the office of Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 18, 2020. The filing deadline was June 1, 2020.
2018
Elections for the Alaska State Senate took place in 2018. A hybrid primary election took place on August 21, 2018.[2] The general election was held on November 6, 2018.[3] The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2018. The deadline for independent and minor party candidates to submit signatures was August 21, 2018.[4]
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2018. A hybrid primary election took place on August 21, 2018.[5] The general election was held on November 6, 2018.[6] The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2018. The deadline for independent and minor party candidates to submit signatures was August 21, 2018.[7]
2016
Elections for the Alaska State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 16, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2016.
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 16, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2016.
2014
Elections for the Alaska State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on August 19, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was June 2, 2014.
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on August 19, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was June 2, 2014.
2012
Elections for the office of Alaska State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on August 28, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2012.
Elections for the office of Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on August 28, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2012.
2010
Elections for the office of Alaska State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on August 24, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2010.
Elections for the office of Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on August 24, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2010.
Sessions
Section 8 of Article II of the Alaska Constitution contains provisions relating to the timing and length of sessions. However, the provisions related to the convening date of the Legislature have been changed by law, and the provisions limiting the length of legislative sessions have been changed by the Alaska 90-Day Legislative Session Amendment. This amendment was passed in a 2006 ballot initiative, and it limits the regular sessions of the Legislature to ninety days.
Section 9 of Article II allows for special sessions to be called by the governor of Alaska or by a two-thirds vote of the legislators. Special sessions are limited to 30 days.
2021
In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 19, 2021, and adjourn on May 19, 2021.
2020
In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 21, 2020, and adjourn on May 20, 2020.
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| Coronavirus pandemic |
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Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. On March 29, 2020, the Alaska State Legislature suspended its session, effective immediately and continuing through May 18, 2020. The legislature adjourned on May 20, 2020.[8][9]
2019
In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 15, 2019, through May 14, 2019.
2018
In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 16, 2018, through May 13, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. |
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2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 17, 2017, through May 17, 2017. The legislature held its first special session from May 18, 2017, to June 16, 2017. The legislature held its second special session from June 16, 2017, to July 15, 2017. The legislature held a one-day special session on July 27, 2017. The legislature began its fourth special session on October 23. It ended on November 21. 2016
In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 19 through May 18 (extended session). The legislature held a special session from May 23, 2016, to June 19, 2016. The legislature held a second special session from July 11 to July 18. Major issues in 2016Major issues in the 2016 legislative session included a $3.5 billion budget deficit, a possible state income tax, government cuts, and the formation of a ways and means committee.[10] 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 20 through April 27 (Session extended). The first special session was held from April 28 to May 21. The second special session was held from May 21 to June 11. A third special session was held from October 24 to November 5. Major issues in 2015Major issues in the 2015 legislative session included the state budget. Decreasing oil prices created a multi-billion dollar shortfall, so legislators looked to find cuts and improved efficiencies.[11] 2014
In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 21 to April 20. Major issues in 2014Major issues in the 2014 legislative session included education, the state budget, high energy prices, and a natural gas pipeline.[12] 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 15 to April 14. Major issues in 2013Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included oil tax reform, state agency performance reviews, and a budget for fiscal year 2014.[13][14] 2012
In 2012, the legislature was in regular session from January 17 to April 15. It was in special session from April 15 to April 30.[15] Major issuesLegislators took up Governor Sean Parnell's (R) suggestion to decrease the oil tax in order to increase economic growth. They also considered a ban on texting while driving, education funding, the state's unfunded pension liability, and whether to extend the legislative session from 90 to 120 days.[16] 2011
In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 18 to April 17. Lawmakers remained in Juneau from April 18 to May 14 to resolve ongoing disagreements over the state's operating budget; the final compromise included money for a new in-state natural gas pipeline and a $20 million payout to the state's schools.[17] A second special session was held from June 27 to 28 to discuss reauthorization of the state's Coastal Management Program, which was set to expire June 30. Measures to reauthorize the program failed during the regular session.[18] The program ended on schedule after the House failed to pass a Senate proposal to save it.[19] 2010
In 2010, the legislature was in session from January 19th to April 18th. |
Role in state budget
- See also: Alaska state budget and finances
Alaska on 
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The state operates on an annual budget cycle, with the fiscal year beginning July 1 and ending June 30. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[20]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in July.
- Agencies submit their budget requests to the governor in October.
- Agency budget hearings are held in September.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature by December 15.
- The legislature adopts a budget by a simple majority in April.
The governor is required by statute to submit a balanced budget. Likewise, the legislature is required by statute to pass a balanced budget.[20]
Alaska is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[20]
2010
For the fiscal year 2010, Alaska faced a $1.3 billion budget gap.[21] Alaska’s estimated fiscal year 2011 shortfall was reportedly $677 million.[22] The steep decline in oil prices, the state’s dominant source of revenue, ended their historical annual surplus requiring dipping into its special reserve fund of approximately $8 billion.[23]
The tight economic climate in 2010 also prompted the Legislative Finance Division to complete the Budget Clarification Project, which involved rolling $750 million in "other funds" into the General Operating Fund in an effort to promote transparency and prevent unnecessary earmark spending.[24] As a result of the project, the division discovered several state departments had been routinely siphoning money from the Alaska State Permanent Fund to pay for departmental expenses.[25]
Non-professional Legislature
Unlike other state legislatures with longer sessions, the comparatively short Alaska session allows many lawmakers to retain outside employment, especially in the state's many seasonal industries, such as fishing and tourism. In this, the Alaska Legislature retains some of the volunteer nature that characterized most state legislatures until the middle of the 20th century. This has led to recurring but minor controversy around the potential for conflict of interest inherent in legislators' outside employment.
Legislators
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislators | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $50,400/year | $287/day |
When sworn in
The terms of Alaska legislators begin on the second Monday in January following a presidential election year and on the third Tuesday in January following a gubernatorial election year.[26]
Senate
The Alaska Senate is the upper house in the Alaska Legislature. The Senate consists of 20 members. Each member represented an average of 35,512 residents, as of the 2010 Census.[27] After the 2000 Census, each member represented 31,347.[28] Senators serve four-year terms, without term limits. Half of the Alaska Senate is up for re-election every two years. With just 20 Senators, the Alaska Senate is the smallest legislative chamber in the United States.
Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
| Party | As of July 2021 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 7 | |
| Republican Party | 13 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 20 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
Of the 32 Alaska State Senate elections held between 1958 and 2020, 18 left the Democrats and Republicans within four seats of each other. However, control of the chamber was not always determined by the partisan split. For example, from 2007 to 2012, a bipartisan coalition comprised mostly of Democrats controlled the chamber even though either Republicans had the numerical majority or the chamber was split 10-10. Only in the elections after 2012 did Republicans begin holding both numerical and governing majorities. The table below shows the partisan history of the Alaska State Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2020. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Alaska State Senate Party Control: 1992-2020
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 9 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9* | 10* | 10* | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
| Republicans | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Independents | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
*Chamber controlled by bipartisan governing coalition
From 1992 to 2020, Republicans had numerical majorities in the Alaska Senate after all but two elections that split the chamber 10-10, but they did not necessarily control the chamber whenever they had a numerical majority. Going into the 1990s, Democrats had not held a numerical majority since the 1980 elections. Republicans continued to maintain majorities, with their high point being a 15-5 advantage following the 1998 elections. Their control weakened after that as they saw their majority reduce to 11-9 after the 2006 elections. It was in the aftermath of that election that Republican Lyda Green assembled a bipartisan coalition that included all nine Senate Democrats and six Republicans. The coalition elected Green as president. She did not run for re-election in 2008, in which year the chamber reached a 10-10 split. However, the bipartisan group maintained control of the chamber, sometimes working against the priorities of Republican Gov. Sean Parnell.[29]
In 2012, Republicans retook control of the Alaska Senate with a 13-7 majority, effectively ending the bipartisan group that Green had established. Although some rural Democrats joined with the new Republican majority, they did not have the same influence over the agenda that Democrats previously had.[30] Republicans expanded their majority in 2014 and 2016 by winning a 14-6 majority, just one seat away from their 1998 high point. In 2018, Democrats regained control of one seat, and the partisan breakdown remained at 13-7 following the 2020 election.[31]
House of Representatives
The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska Legislature. The House is composed of 40 members. Each member represented an average of 17,756 residents, as of the 2010 Census.[32] After the 2000 Census, each member represented 15,673.[33] Members serve two-year terms without term limits. With 40 Representatives, the Alaskan House is the smallest state legislative lower house in the United States.
| Party | As of July 2021 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 15 | |
| Republican Party | 21 | |
| Independent | 3 | |
| Nonpartisan | 1 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 40 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
From when Alaska gained statehood in 1959 to the 2018 elections, there were two eras of partisan control in the state House, one for each major party. From 1960 to 1994, Democrats enjoyed almost uninterrupted control of the chamber, losing their majority in just two elections: 1966 and 1982. 1994 marked the beginning of the next era, with Republicans winning control every year until 2016. That year, Republicans won a numerical majority, but Democrats gained effective control of the chamber through a bipartisan governing coalition. After the 2018 elections, the parties split control of the House. The table below shows the partisan history of the Alaska House of Representatives following every general election from 1992 to 2018. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Alaska House of Representatives Party Control: 1992-2018
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 20 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 17* | 16 |
| Republicans | 18 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 23 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 23 | 21 | 23 |
| Independents | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
*17 Democrats, three Republicans, and two independents formed a 22-member governing coalition.
**15 Democrats, four Republicans, one independent, and Speaker Bryce Edgmon, who changed his party affiliation from Democratic to unenrolled on February 11, formed a 21-member governing coalition.
The Democratic-controlled era of the Alaska House began to unravel in the 1980s as Republicans closed the long-standing seat gap between the parties. In 1994, Republican gained a five-seat advantage and began their own period of control. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, Republicans expanded their seat advantage to double-digits, controlling as many as 27 of the chamber's 40 seats after the 2000 and 2002 elections. The 2006 and 2008 elections gave a boost to the Democrats, putting them just four seats behind the Republicans. However, the elections from 2010 to 2014 widened the gap between the parties.
In 2016, Republicans lost two seats, bringing their caucus to 21 members — the bare minimum for a majority. However, their majority came apart when three Republicans — Paul Seaton, Louise Stutes, and Gabrielle LeDoux — left the caucus to join 17 Democrats and two independents in a majority coalition. According to Seaton, the majority coalition was constructed around a shared vision of fiscal policy, with members wanting to decrease spending, restructure Alaska's Permanent Fund, and institute a broad-based tax. The coalition elected Democrat Bryce Edgmon as speaker of the house.[34]
After the 2018 elections, Republicans held 23 seats in the chamber, with 16 Democrats and one independent. On February 11, 2019, Edgmon changed his party affiliation from Democratic to unenrolled. Three days later, Edgmon, the chamber's remaining 15 Democrats, four Republicans, one independent officeholder voted to elect Edgmon speaker again. The parties then split control of key leadership positions in a power-sharing agreement.
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Alaska are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in a joint session.
| Two-thirds of all legislators in a joint session must vote to override a veto, which is 40 of the 60 members in both chambers of the Alaska State Legislature. Alaska is the only state that requires a two-thirds vote from its combined legislative chambers to override a veto. |
How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?
| According to Article II, Section 16 of the Alaska Constitution, bills vetoed following the first year of the legislative session can be overridden during a special session or in the regular session the following year. Bills vetoed following the second regular session can only be overridden in a special session, which can be called by two-thirds of legislators.[35] |
Are there other special rules?
| If the governor vetoes a revenue or appropriation bill, a three-fourths vote by the legislature is required to override the veto, which is 45 of 60 legislators.[36] |
Authority: Article II, Section 16 of the Alaska Constitution.
| "Upon receipt of a veto message during a regular session of the legislature, the legislature shall meet immediately in joint session and reconsider passage of the vetoed bill or item. Bills to raise revenue and appropriation bills or items, although vetoed, become law by affirmative vote of three-fourths of the membership of the legislature. Other vetoed bills become law by affirmative vote of two-thirds of the membership of the legislature." |
History
Partisan balance 1992-2013
Alaska Senate: From 1992 to 2013, the Republican Party was the majority in the Alaska State Senate for 15 years while the Democrats were the majority for six years. The final three years of the study depicted a shift in the Alaska senate with the first two years being Democrat and the final year (2013) becoming a Republican trifecta.
Across the country, there were 541 Democratic and 517 Republican state senates from 1992 to 2013.
Alaska House of Representatives: From 1992 to 2013, the Republican Party was the majority in the Alaska State House of Representatives for 19 years while the Democrats were the majority for three years. The Alaska State House is one of nine state Houses that was Republican for more than 80 percent of the years between 1992-2013. In the final year of the study (2013), the Alaska House became a Republican trifecta.
Across the country, there were 577 Democratic and 483 Republican State Houses of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.
The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Alaska, the Alaska State Senate and the Alaska House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
.PNG)
SQLI and partisanship
The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Alaska state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. The only trifecta in Alaska, a Republican trifecta, occurred between the years 2003 and 2006, as well as 2013. The state never had a Democratic trifecta between 1992 and 2012. Between 1995-2002 and 2007-2012, Alaska had divided government. Alaska never placed in the top-10 or bottom-10 in the SQLI ranking. Alaska’s highest SQLI ranking (16th) occurred during divided government, in 2002, while its lowest ranking (37th) occurred in 2011, also under divided government.
- SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: N/A
- SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 32
- SQLI average with divided government: 23.27
Joint legislative committees
- See also: Public policy in Alaska
The Alaska State Legislature has the following joint standing committees:
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Alaska Constitution can be amended:
The Alaska Constitution can be amended in the following two ways:
- The state legislators may propose a constitutional amendment. If the amendment is approved by a two-thirds (66.67 percent) supermajority vote in each branch of the legislature, the amendment is placed on the next statewide general election ballot, where an affirmative vote from a simple majority of voters is needed for final approval.
- A constitutional convention can be called to review and suggest changes to the state's constitution, which must then be ratified by a public vote. State legislators can call for a constitutional convention at any time. Moreover, a statewide ballot question asking whether voters want a constitutional convention or not is automatically put on the ballot at the end of every decade in which a constitutional convention did not already take place.
Alaskans do not have the power to use a citizen initiative to amend the state's constitution. The power of initiative in Alaska is restricted to proposing state statutes.
Article 13 of the Alaska Constitution defines the methods to amend the state constitution in the following way:
| “ |
Amendments to this constitution may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of each house of the legislature. The lieutenant governor shall prepare a ballot title and proposition summarizing each proposed amendment, and shall place them on the ballot for the next general election. If a majority of the votes cast on the proposition favor the amendment, it shall be adopted. Unless otherwise provided in the amendment, it becomes effective thirty days after the certification of the election returns by the lieutenant governor. The legislature may call constitutional conventions at any time. If during any ten-year period a constitutional convention has not been held, the lieutenant governor shall place on the ballot for the next general election the question: "Shall there be a Constitutional Convention?" If a majority of the votes cast on the question are in the negative, the question need not be placed on the ballot until the end of the next ten-year period. If a majority of the votes cast on the question are in the affirmative, delegates to the convention shall be chosen at the next regular statewide election, unless the legislature provides for the election of the delegates at a special election.[37] |
” |
2021 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2021 ballot by the legislature.
- See also: 2021 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
See also
| Elections | Alaska State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
|---|---|---|---|
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Session dates for Alaska legislature, 2010
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed March 23, 2017
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Primary Election Information," accessed May 31, 2017
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Candidate Filing Forms and Information," accessed May 31, 2017
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed March 23, 2017
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Primary Election Information," accessed May 31, 2017
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Candidate Filing Forms and Information," accessed May 31, 2017
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Alaska Legislature approves $4.5 billion budget plus $1,000 Permanent Fund dividend, then departs Juneau," March 29, 2020
- ↑ Multistate, "2020 Legislative Session Dates," last updated May 20, 2020
- ↑ newsminer.com, "Alaska legislators begin what's shaping up to be long, tough session," January 20, 2016
- ↑ KTUU, "Alaska Legislature to get underway; budget a big issue," January 20, 2015
- ↑ www.newsminer.com/, "Alaska lawmakers prepare for first legislative session of 2014," accessed January 22, 2014
- ↑ juneauempire.com, "Oil taxes to top agenda for next Legislature," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ ktuu.com, "Alaska Legislative Session Adjourns," April 15, 2013
- ↑ ncsl.org, "2012 Legislative Session Calendar," accessed April 21, 2015
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Lingering issues to test Legislature," January 16, 2012
- ↑ Juneau Empire, "Operating budget agreement helps clear way to end of session," May 4, 2011
- ↑ ncsl.org, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed April 21, 2015
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "House votes down bill to save coastal management program," June 28, 2011
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2015," accessed February 5, 2021
- ↑ Center on Budget & Policy Priorities, "New Fiscal Year Brings No Relief From Unprecedented State Budget Problems," September 3, 2009
- ↑ Center on Budget & Policy Priorities, "New Fiscal Year Brings No Relief From Unprecedented State Budget Problems," September 3, 2009
- ↑ Alaska Journal of Commerce, “Parnell says he'll tackle state budget planning with care,” September 18, 2009 (dead link)
- ↑ Alaska Watchdog, "State rolls millions in to general fund," July 15, 2010
- ↑ Alaska Watchdog, "State takes millions from Permanent Fund," July 16, 2010
- ↑ Office of Lt. Governor Kevin Meyer, "The Constitution of the State of Alaska, Article II § 3. Election and Terms," accessed January 17, 2019
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Population Distribution and Change: 2000 to 2010," accessed February 8, 2021
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Apportionment data," accessed February 8, 2021
- ↑ McClatchy DC, "Tea party goes after Alaska's bipartisan Senate coalition," July 9, 2012
- ↑ Alaska Commons, "Day 98: Or, Why I Miss the Bipartisan Working Group," April 26, 2016
- ↑ Alaska Dispatch News, "Alaska House will be run by coalition while Senate remains under Republican control," November 10, 2016
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Population Distribution and Change: 2000 to 2010," accessed January 6, 2014
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "States Ranked by Population: 2000," April 2, 2001
- ↑ Alaska Dispatch News, "Alaska House will be run by coalition while Senate remains under Republican control," November 10, 2016
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Special Sessions," accessed June 28, 2017
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "The Veto Process," accessed June 22, 2017
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
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