Article IX, Hawaii Constitution

Hawaii Constitution
Preamble
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Article IX of the Hawaii Constitution is entitled Public Health and Welfare. It has ten sections.

Section 1

	Text of Section 1: Public Health The State shall provide for the protection and promotion of the public health.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 2

	Text of Section 2: Care of Handicapped Persons The State shall have the power to provide for the treatment and rehabilitation of handicapped persons.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 3

	Text of Section 3: Public Assistance The State shall have the power to provide financial assistance, medical assistance and social services for persons who are found to be in need of and are eligible for such assistance and services as provided by law.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 4

	Text of Section 4: Economic Security of the Elderly The State shall have the power to provide for the security of the elderly by establishing and promoting programs to assure their economic and social well-being.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 5

	Text of Section 5: Housing, Slum Clearance, Development and Rehabilitation The State shall have the power to provide for, or assist in, housing, slum clearance and the development or rehabilitation of substandard areas. The exercise of such power is deemed to be for a public use and purpose.

Amendments

• Amended by HB 54 (1975) and election on November 2, 1976.
• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 6

	Text of Section 6: Management of State Population Growth The State and its political subdivisions, as provided by general law, shall plan and manage the growth of the population to protect and preserve the public health and welfare; except that each political subdivision, as provided by general law, may plan and manage the growth of its population in a more restrictive manner than the State.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 7

	Text of Section 7: Public Sightliness and Good Order The State shall have the power to conserve and develop objects and places of historic or cultural interest and provide for public sightliness and physical good order. For these purposes private property shall be subject to reasonable regulation.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 8

	Text of Section 8: Preservation of a Healthful Environment The State shall have the power to promote and maintain a healthful environment, including the prevention of any excessive demands upon the environment and the State's resources.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 9

	Text of Section 9: Cultural Resources The State shall have the power to preserve and develop the cultural, creative and traditional arts of its various ethnic groups.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

Section 10

	Text of Section 10: Public Safety The law of the splintered paddle, mamala-hoe kanawai, decreed by Kamehameha I--Let every elderly person, woman and child lie by the roadside in safety--shall be a unique and living symbol of the State's concern for public safety. The State shall have the power to provide for the safety of the people from crimes against persons and property.

Amendments

• Amended by Constitutional Convention (1978) and election on November 7, 1978.

See also

• State constitution
• Constitutional article
• Constitutional amendment
• Constitutional revision
• Constitutional convention
• Amendments
  • Initiated constitutional amendment
  • Legislatively-referred constitutional amendment
  • Publication requirements for proposed state constitutional amendments
  • Rules about constitutional conventions in state constitutions
  • State constitutional articles governing state legislatures

External links

Suggest a link

• Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau, "Hawaii Constitution"
• List of Hawaiian constitutions and constitutional conventions
• 1887 Hawaiian Constitution
• 1864 Hawaiian Constitution
• 1840 Hawaiian Constitution

Additional reading

• Time, "Should Hawaii Rewrite It's Constitution - Again?"
• Time, "Hawaii: The Big Change"
• Hawaiian Kingdom.org, "Constitutional History"
• History.com, "Jan 17, 1893: Americans overthrow Hawaiian monarchy"
• Lee, Anne (2011). The Hawaii State Constitution, New York, New York: Oxford University Press