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Atlanta Public Schools, Georgia

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Atlanta Public Schools
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Atlanta, Georgia
District details
Superintendent: Bryan Johnson
# of school board members: 9
Website: Link

Atlanta Public Schools is a school district in Georgia.

Click on the links below to learn more about the school district's...

Superintendent

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This information is updated as we become aware of changes. Please contact us with any updates.

Bryan Johnson is the superintendent of Atlanta Public Schools. Johnson was appointed in July 2024 and took office in August 2024. His career experience includes working as a teacher, school and district administrator, and superintendent of Hamilton County Schools in Chattanooga, Tennessee.[1]

Past superintendents

  • Danielle Battle was the interim superintendent at Atlanta Public Schools. She took office on August 28, 2023. She served in this role until July 2024.[1]
  • Lisa Herring was the superintendent of Atlanta Public Schools from July 1, 2020 until August 2023. She planned to remain until the end of her contract in June 2024, but announced in August 2023 that she would step down at the end of that month. She remained with the district until December 31, 2023, serving as a consultant.[1] Herring's previous career experience includes serving as the superintendent for Birmingham City Schools in Alabama, deputy superintendent of academics for Charleston County School District in South Carolina, and chief academic officer for Jefferson County Public Schools in Kentucky.[2][3]
  • Meria Carstarphen was the superintendent of Atlanta Public Schools from 2014 to 2020. Carstarphen's previous career experience includes working as a middle school teacher and as the superintendent of Austin Independent School District in Texas and Saint Paul Public Schools in Minnesota.[4]

School board

The Atlanta Public Schools Board of Education consists of nine members elected to four-year terms. Six members are elected by district and three members are elected at large.[5]


Elections

See also: Atlanta Public Schools, Georgia, elections

Regular elections are held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

Four seats on the board are up for general election on November 4, 2025. A runoff election, if needed, is scheduled for December 2, 2025.


Ballotpedia covered school board elections in 367 school districts in 29 states in 2024. Those school districts had a total student enrollment of 12,203,404 students. Click here to read an analysis of those elections.


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Public participation in board meetings

The Atlanta Public Schools Board of Education maintains the following policy on public testimony during board meetings:[6]

All Atlanta Board of Education meetings, other than executive sessions, shall be open to the public. Meetings shall be advertised by meeting notices posted at the Atlanta Public Schools (APS) Center for Learning and Leadership (CLL), notifications in the news media, and other appropriate means such as the APS Web site. Opportunities for public comments shall be provided at one or more meetings prior to a meeting where official board action is taken.

Public comment opportunities are available for the board to hear from interested members of the community. Board members do not provide responses or engage in direct conversation during public hearings. If stakeholders wish to receive an answer to a specific question, inquiries should be directed to the board office. For public hearings and the monthly community meetings, stakeholders may request a response by completing a written comment form at the speaker sign-in table. Members of the community may also submit public comments to the board at the following email address: boardcomments@atlantapublicschools.us.

Guidelines for Receiving Public Comment

A. Board Work Sessions for Presentations and Discussion
1. Work sessions shall be scheduled as necessary for the board to review and discuss pending issues and to receive presentations from the administration.
2. The work session agenda shall be posted online and in the CLL. The news media shall be notified of the date, time, place and agenda at least 24 hours in advance.
3. No official board action shall be taken during a work session.
4. Minutes shall be kept of all work sessions. Following official approval, work session minutes are open to the public.
5. Work sessions shall be open to the public, however, time will not be provided for public comment.
B. Public Hearings
1. The board will conduct all legally required public hearings in accordance with state statute and these guidelines.
2. At its discretion, the board may schedule public hearings for the purpose of receiving public comment on topics of high public interest or concern.
3. Public hearing notices shall be posted in the CLL and local schools, as well as distributed via various outlets such as news media, APS websites, and e-mail as appropriate.
4. Stakeholders wishing to speak during a public hearing must sign up at least 10 minutes before the start of the hearing at the sign-in table.
5. Elected officials may request time to address the board by contacting the board office.
6. Each speaker shall be heard only once during the hearing. The board shall allocate one hour for public comment during public hearings.
7. Each speaker will be given up to two (2) minutes. At the end of the two-minute limit, individuals will be asked to end their comments and leave the podium. The board may elect to hear community comments in any order or sequence and is not limited by the arrangement shown on the sign-up sheets.
8. Community members presenting highly detailed or complex information are asked to provide a written outline of their comments for the board members.
9. In order to maintain appropriate meeting decorum, follow appropriate protocols, protect the confidentiality of students, and ensure the impartiality of the board, the board will not entertain comments on matters involving individual students, parents or the character, professional competence, or the physical or mental health of an individual. The board will not take public comment on personnel matters that specifically include the names or titles of employees; this includes but is not limited to: contract non renewals, position abolishment, the hiring or firing of staff, and investigative proceedings regarding allegations of misconduct. Communications regarding personnel issues should be sent in writing to: Atlanta Board of Education, 130 Trinity Ave, Atlanta, Georgia 30303 or via email at boardcomments@atlantapublicschools.us.
10. Persons are expected to honor meeting decorum. Applause, cheering, jeering, or speech that defames individuals, stymies or blocks meeting progress will not be tolerated and may be cause for removal from the meeting or suspension and/or adjournment of the meeting by the board.
C. Community Meeting
1. The board shall allocate one hour to hear from the community during the monthly community meeting on any agenda and non-agenda items other than matters listed in section 7 below. If there are more speakers than time allotted, the board may elect to continue the community meeting after the conclusion of its legislative actions.
2. Stakeholders wishing to address the board must register in person at the sign-in table from 5:00 pm to 5:50 pm on the day of the community meeting. When signing up to speak, each person must provide the following information: name, address, telephone number, the agenda item or other topic to be addressed and, if applicable, the group or organization the person represents. An individual may not sign up for another person.
3. First priority will be given to APS students who sign in to speak. Students will be followed by any elected officials who have requested to address the board by contacting the board office in advance of the meeting. Third priority will be given to speakers who sign up to speak on agenda items. Additional speakers will be called in the order in which they signed up to speak.
4. If several individuals from the same group are concerned with the same issue and share the same opinion, they are encouraged to select a spokesperson to represent the group. The board reserves the right to limit repetitive comments.
5. Community members signing up to speak will be given up to two (2) minutes. At the end of the two-minute limit, individuals will be asked to end their comments and leave the podium.
6. Stakeholders presenting highly detailed or complex information are asked to provide a written outline of their comments for the board members.
7. In order to maintain appropriate meeting decorum, follow appropriate protocols, protect the confidentiality of students, and ensure the impartiality of the board, the board will not entertain comments on matters involving individual students, parents or the character, professional competence, or the physical or mental health of an individual. The board will not take public comment on personnel matters that specifically include the names or titles of employees; this includes but is not limited to: contract non renewals, position abolishment, the hiring or firing of staff, and investigative proceedings regarding allegations of misconduct. Communications regarding personnel issues should be sent in writing to: Atlanta Board of Education, 130 Trinity Ave, Atlanta, Georgia 30303 or via email at boardcomments@atlantapublicschools.us
8. Persons are expected to honor meeting decorum. Applause, cheering, jeering, or speech that defames individuals or stymies or blocks meeting progress will not be tolerated and may be cause for removal from the meeting or for the board to suspend or adjourn the meeting. Those wishing to display place cards, signs and/or banners must remain behind the seating area, or on the side of the seating area, and may not block any attendee's view of the proceedings. Place cards, signs and banners may not have wooden or metal sticks or poles attached to them.
9. Minutes shall be kept of all regular school board meetings. After the minutes are officially approved by the board, which is generally at the next meeting, the minutes will be open for public inspection via the online board agenda or by contacting the board office. Copies of board meeting minutes may be requested for a fee of $0.10 per page.
D. Executive (Closed) Sessions
1. Closed sessions shall be held pursuant to the Georgia Open Meetings Act and board policy BC Board Meetings.
2. A notice of the closed session shall be posted in the CLL and the news media shall be notified of the date, time, place and purpose of the meeting at least 24 hours in advance.
3. Closed sessions are not open to the public or news media.
4. Records of the meetings shall be consistent with state law.[7]


District map

Budget

The following statistics were published by the National Center for Education Statistics, which is a part of the U.S. Department of Education.[8]

Revenue, 2020-2021
SOURCE AMOUNT AMOUNT PER STUDENT PERCENT
Federal: $95,526,000 $1,873 8%
Local: $837,855,000 $16,425 74%
State: $194,257,000 $3,808 17%
Total: $1,127,638,000 $22,105
Expenditures, 2020-2021
TYPE AMOUNT AMOUNT PER STUDENT PERCENT
Total Expenditures: $1,041,310,000 $20,413
Total Current Expenditures: $943,321,000 $18,492
Instructional Expenditures: $551,154,000 $10,804 53%
Student and Staff Support: $128,861,000 $2,526 12%
Administration: $118,095,000 $2,315 11%
Operations, Food Service, Other: $145,211,000 $2,846 14%
Total Capital Outlay: $90,080,000 $1,765
Construction: $85,327,000 $1,672
Total Non El-Sec Education & Other: $937,000 $18
Interest on Debt: $4,189,000 $82


Teacher salaries

The following salary information was pulled from the district's teacher salary schedule. A salary schedule is a list of expected compensations based on variables such as position, years employed, and education level. It may not reflect actual teacher salaries in the district.

Year Minimum Maximum
2024-2025[9] $61,816.00 $127,124
2023-2024[10] $54,735 $114,892
2020[11] $48,086 $93,980

Academic performance

Each year, state and local education agencies use tests and other standards to assess student proficiency. Although the data below was published by the U.S. Department of Education, proficiency measurements are established by the states. As a result, proficiency levels are not comparable between different states and year-over-year proficiency levels within a district may not be comparable because states may change their proficiency measurements.[12]

The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:

School year All (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Black (%) Hispanic (%) Native American (%) Two or More Races (%) White (%)
2020-2021 28 70-74 8 19 <50 57 63
2018-2019 34 80 23 32 40-49 67 82
2017-2018 31 78 20 29 30-39 62 80
2016-2017 28 70-74 18 27 30-39 65 77
2015-2016 28 75-79 18 26 20-29 56 77
2014-2015 28 70-74 17 26 40-59 59 75
2013-2014 69 90-94 63 73 >=80 87 95
2012-2013 72 >=95 67 75 >=80 88 96
2011-2012 67 85-89 62 72 >=50 89 95
2010-2011 73 >=95 69 74 60-79 90 96

The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:

School year All (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Black (%) Hispanic (%) Native American (%) Two or More Races (%) White (%)
2020-2021 35 70-74 14 24 >=50 67 74
2018-2019 37 72 26 35 40-49 72 85
2017-2018 34 65-69 23 30 40-49 66 83
2016-2017 33 70-74 22 31 30-39 69 83
2015-2016 33 70-74 22 29 40-49 64 83
2014-2015 32 70-74 22 30 40-59 65 83
2013-2014 91 >=95 89 92 >=80 98 >=99
2012-2013 90 >=95 88 92 >=80 96 >=99
2011-2012 89 >=95 87 90 >=50 98 >=99
2010-2011 87 >=95 85 87 >=90 96 98

The following table shows the graduation rate of district students each school year:

School year All (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Black (%) Hispanic (%) Native American (%) Two or More Races (%) White (%)
2019-2020 80 >=80 77 80-84 PS >=90 97
2018-2019 78 >=80 76 80-84 80-89 93
2017-2018 80 >=80 78 70-74 PS 80-89 95
2016-2017 77 >=80 75 75-79 >=90 >=95
2015-2016 71 >=80 69 70-74 PS 80-89 90-94
2014-2015 71 >=80 71 55-59 PS >=80 85-89
2013-2014 59 >=80 57 50-54 60-69 80-84
2012-2013 59 >=80 56 55-59 PS 70-79 80-84
2011-2012 51 60-79 50 40-44 PS 80-89 65-69
2010-2011 52 40-59 51 50-54 PS 50-59 65-69


Students

Year Enrollment Year-to-year change (%)
2022-2023 50,325 0.7
2021-2022 49,994 -2.0
2020-2021 51,012 -2.8
2019-2020 52,416 0.1
2018-2019 52,377 0.4
2017-2018 52,147 0.4
2016-2017 51,927 0.8
2015-2016 51,500 0.7
2014-2015 51,145 2.0
2013-2014 50,131 1.1
2012-2013 49,558 -0.9
2011-2012 50,009 0.4
2010-2011 49,796 1.8
2009-2010 48,909 -0.3
2008-2009 49,032 -2.0
2007-2008 49,991 -1.3
2006-2007 50,631 -0.3
2005-2006 50,770 -1.2
2004-2005 51,377 -1.4
2003-2004 52,103 -5.5
2002-2003 54,946 -3.0
2001-2002 56,586 -2.9
2000-2001 58,230 -2.1
1999-2000 59,429 0.0
Racial Demographics, 2022-2023
RACE Atlanta Public Schools (%) Georgia K-12 STUDENTS (%)
American Indian/Alaska Native 0.2 0.2
Asian or Asian/Pacific Islander 1.1 4.7
Black 71.9 36.4
Hispanic 7.8 18.1
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.1 0.1
Two or More Races 3.1 4.6
White 15.9 35.9

Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


Staff

As of the 2022-2023 school year, Atlanta Public Schools had 3,979.90 full-time classroom teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 12.64.

Teachers, 2022-2023 school year
TYPE NUMBER OF TEACHERS
Prekindergarten: 83.90
Kindergarten: 214.90
Elementary: 1,630.30
Secondary: 1,404.00
Total: 3,979.90

Atlanta Public Schools employed 149.20 district administrators and 300.80 school administrators as of the 2022-2023 school year.

Administrators, 2022-2023 school year
TYPE NUMBER OF ADMINISTRATORS
District Administrators: 149.20
District Administrative Support: 207.60
School Administrators: 300.80
School Administrative Support: 311.90
Other staff, 2022-2023 school year
TYPE NUMBER OF OTHER STAFF
Instructional Aides: 1,005.50
Instruc. Coordinators & Supervisors: 697.10
Total Guidance Counselors: 157.50
Elementary Guidance Counselors: 59.50
Secondary Guidance Counselors: 98.00
Librarians/Media Specialists: 74.50
Library/Media Support: 9.50
Student Support Services: 363.20
Other Support Services: 1,706.60


Schools

Atlanta Public Schools operates 87 schools. They are listed below in alphabetical order.
List of schools
SCHOOL NAMENUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADES
Atlanta Classical Academy678KG-12
Atlanta Neighborhood Charter - Elementary394KG-5
Atlanta Neighborhood Charter - Middle2316-8
Barack And Michelle Obama Academy258PK-5
Bazoline E. Usher/Collier Heights Elmentary School398PK-5
Beecher Hills Elementary School241PK-5
Benjamin E. Mays High School1,3379-12
Benteen Elementary School267PK-5
B.E.S.T Academy2376-12
Bolton Academy Elementary553PK-5
Booker T. Washington High School8319-12
Burgess-Peterson Elementary School504PK-5
Carver High School4459-12
Carver High School Early College5759-12
Cascade Elementary School348PK-5
Centennial Place Academy (Charter)804KG-8
Charles Drew Charter Ja/Sr Academy9256-12
Charles L. Gideons Elementary School343PK-5
Charles R. Drew Charter School964PK-5
Cleveland Avenue Elementary School273PK-5
Continental Colony Elementary School371PK-5
Corretta Scott King Young Womens' Leadership Academy3236-12
Crawford Long Middle School7056-8
David T Howard Middle School1,1196-8
Deerwood Academy512PK-5
D. M. Therrell High School9739-12
Emma Hutchinson Elementary School297PK-5
E. Rivers Elementary School708PK-5
Finch Elementary339PK-5
F. L. Stanton Elementary School207PK-5
Fred A. Toomer Elementary School512PK-5
Frederick Douglass High School1,1129-12
Garden Hills Elementary School468PK-5
Hank Aaron New Beginnings Academy1686-12
Harper-Archer Elementary School641PK-5
Heritage Academy Elementary School398PK-5
Herman J. Russell West End Academy3996-8
Hillside Conant School516-12
Jackson Elementary School471PK-5
Jean Childs Young Middle School7476-8
John Lewis Invictus Academy8256-8
John Wesley Dobbs Elementary School354PK-5
Joseph Humphries Elementary School262PK-5
Judson Price Middle School2836-8
Kindezi Old 4th Ward434KG-8
Kipp Atlanta Collegiate Charter School8069-12
Kipp Soul Academy3155-8
Kipp Soul Primary452KG-4
Kipp Strive Charter School4045-8
Kipp Strive Primary Charter School530KG-4
Kipp Vision Charter School4025-8
Kipp Vision Primary Charter School500KG-4
Kipp Ways Academy Charter School3925-8
Kipp Ways Primary Charter School477KG-4
L. O. Kimberly Elementary School334PK-5
M. A. Jones Elementary School461PK-5
Martin L. King Jr. Middle School8186-8
Mary Lin Elementary School628KG-5
Maynard Jackson High School1,4749-12
Michael R. Hollis Innovation Academy653PK-8
Midtown High School1,6029-12
Miles Elementary School516PK-5
Morningside Elementary School816KG-5
Morris Brandon Elementary School865PK-5
North Atlanta High School2,3169-12
Parkside Elementary School563PK-5
Paul L. Dunbar Elementary School287PK-5
Peyton Forest Elementary School386PK-5
Ralph Bunche Middle School8246-8
R. N. Fickett Elementary School451PK-5
Sara Rawson Smith Elementary School865PK-5
South Atlanta High School9289-12
Springdale Park Elementary School742KG-5
Sylvan Hills Middle School4456-8
The John Hope-Charles Walter Hill Elementary Schools369PK-5
The Kindezi School427KG-8
Thomas Heathe Slater Elementary School569PK-5
T. J. Perkerson Elementary School354PK-5
Tuskegee Airman Global Academy520PK-5
Virginia-Highland Elementary School0
Wesley International Academy Charter752KG-8
West Manor Elementary School248KG-5
Westside Atlanta Charter School346KG-8
William J. Scott Elementary School289PK-5
William M.Boyd Elementary School503PK-5
Willis A. Sutton Middle School1,5486-8
Woodson Park Academy School863KG-8

Noteworthy events

2017: Judge approves temporary tax collection order

On November 3, 2017, DeKalb County Judge Alan Harvey signed a temporary tax collection order allowing Fulton County to begin collecting taxes after the county had not collected taxes by its usual October deadline. The bills were sent on November 9, 2017, with a due date of December 31, 2017, for Atlanta residents and January 15, 2018, for Fulton County residents.[13][14]

“All of us at Atlanta Public Schools are pleased by today’s court ruling, which begins the process of collecting the property tax revenues that are so critical to the safe and successful operation of our school system,” Superintendent Meria Carstarphen said of the decision. “At the same time, the initial delay in tax collections will still have a significant impact on our ability to operate as normal for the remainder of this calendar year."[15]

Because of the delay in collecting property taxes, on November 8, 2017, APS announced 1,200 employees would be required to take furlough days on November 20, 2017, and November 21, 2017, when students had off for Thanksgiving. Those who were affected included hourly employees, part-time employees, and administrators, who were not paid for the two-days they could not work. The district planned to repay salaried employees for the two-day furlough on January 15, 2018, along with a $500 one-time bonus.[16] The district also froze hiring, slowed outgoing payments, and negotiated defered payments to charters and unfunded pension payments.[17]

Of the planned furlough, Superintendent Carstarphen wrote on her blog:

APS – and other affected parties – remain in a crunch. Therefore, our district will continue to do everything we can to ensure the continued smooth and safe operation of our school system. I can’t thank our colleagues and stakeholders enough for their commitment to APS and for their understanding of the steps we had to take to mitigate our short-term cash flow challenges.[7]
—Superintendent Meria Carstarphen, November 12, 2017[17]

2017: Halted tax revenue creates funding uncertainty

According to Atlanta Public Schools (APS), approximately 62.5 percent of its $777 million 2017-2018 school year budget came from the Fulton County Tax Digest.[18] In June 2017, Fulton County froze property value levels at their 2016 assessment values after residents said the assessed values were too high (of the 318,000 residential parcels in Fulton County, roughly half saw an increase in assessed property value of 20 percentage points or more from 2016 to 2017).[19]

The decision to freeze property assessment values required state approval of the adjusted tax values before tax bills could be sent. This meant that the tax bills, usually posted in the summer and due in October, had not been sent as of November 1, 2017.[20][21] Because of the delay in tax collection, APS had not received any funding from Fulton County taxes as of October 31, 2017.[22] In September 2017, the district took out a $100 million short-term loan, called a Tax Anticipation Note, with repayment of the loan set for December 2017.[23][24]

On October 25, 2017, the Georgia Department of Revenue rejected the property assessment freeze, saying it would lead to commercial and industrial property owners paying too large a percentage of total taxes. This delayed Fulton County's ability to collect taxes until a new tax digest was approved by the state.[23][25] The decision also delayed the sending of Fulton County property tax bills until November at the earliest, according to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. As Atlanta taxes are due within 45 days of the bills being sent and Fulton County taxes are due within 60 days, the newspaper estimated that the due date would likely be in 2018, after the APS deadline for loan repayment.[26]

APS, along with the Fulton County School District, filed a motion on October 27, 2017, asking the courts to approve a temporary tax collection order allowing the districts to collect property taxes despite the state hold on Fulton County tax collection. A hearing was scheduled for November 3, 2017.[27]

The possibility of the courts not approving the district's request for a tax collection order led APS Superintendent Meria Carstarphen to hold a meeting on October 30, 2017. During this meeting, she said that should the motion not be approved on November 3, 2017, "We [would] have to furlough the entire staff because we will probably have maybe one more month to be able to pay our bills and our staff and then we’ll have to stop until something else happens which at the earliest would be January."[28]

Board member Jason Esteves said the possibility of a furlough was one of the last options. He also commented on the Tax Anticipation Note, due in December 2017. “We are trying to determine how to pay back that loan. I can guarantee you we will because it’s required by law,” he said. “We are looking at various financial mechanisms to ensure that that loan is paid off.”[28]

The property assessment freeze announced in June 2017 also caused the Atlanta Board of Education to reassess its 2017-2018 budget. The district planned to make up an anticipated $4 million budget gap by cutting program funding and offering non-teacher, full-time employees a one-time $500 payment instead of the previously expected 1.5 percent raise.[24]

2015: Staff convicted of cheating on statewide tests

Former superintendent Beverly Hall was indicted in 2013. She died in 2015 and did not stand trial.

On April 1, 2015, 11 Atlanta Public Schools (APS) teachers, testing coordinators, and administrators were found guilty of racketeering and other charges. Sentences ranged from probation and community service to three years in jail, probation, and community service. Thirty-five educators were indicted in 2013 for participating in district-wide cheating on Georgia's standardized test, the Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (CRCT). Of those indicted, 21 staff members reached plea agreements, 11 were convicted, two died before standing trial (including former superintendent Beverly Hall), and one was acquitted.[29][30][31]

The Atlanta Journal-Constitution began investigating test scores in 2008 after finding that one Atlanta school has increased test scores by an improbable amount. A report released by the state of Georgia on July 5, 2011, detailed cheating on the annual CRCT in 44 of the 56 APS elementary and middle schools the state investigated. The report found that APS educators cheated on the tests as early as 2001 by erasing and altering student answers after tests were taken or by giving students answers during the test. The report identified 178 teachers or principals who participated in the cheating. It blamed the unrealistic test score targets superintendent Hall's administration placed on district schools and staff.[32][33][34]

On March 29, 2013, a Fulton County grand jury indicted 35 Atlanta educators, including former superintendent Hall, on 65 counts of cheating in 58 schools throughout APS. Each defendant was charged with Georgia racketeer-influenced and corrupt organizations (RICO) conspiracy, with some defendants also charged with false statements and writings, false swearing, and influencing witnesses. Because former superintendent Hall's salary rose with the district-wide test score improvement, she also faced charges of theft.[31][35]

Contact information

APS logo.jpg
Atlanta Public Schools
130 Trinity Ave. SW
Atlanta, GA 30303
Phone: 404-802-3500


About school boards

Education legislation in Georgia

Bills are monitored by BillTrack50 and sorted by action history.

See also

Georgia School Board Elections News and Analysis
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External links

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rough Draft Atlanta, "Swearing-in ceremony held for new superintendent of Atlanta Public Schools," accessed April 15, 2025 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "interim" defined multiple times with different content
  2. Atlanta Public Schools, "6.29 Dr. Lisa Herring to be Sworn in as Superintendent of Atlanta Public Schools, July 1," June 29, 2020
  3. Atlanta Public Schools, "4.21 Atlanta Board of Education Announces Dr. Lisa Herring as Finalist for Superintendent," April 21, 2020
  4. Atlanta Public Schools, "Dr. Meria J. Carstarphen, Superintendent," accessed October 28, 2019
  5. Atlanta Public Schools, "Board of Education: Meet the Board," accessed April 2, 2021
  6. Atlanta Public Schools, "Board Policy Manual: Section 1. Governance & School Board Operations Code BC-R(1)," accessed April 2, 2021
  7. 7.0 7.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  8. National Center for Education Statistics, "Elementary/Secondary Information System," accessed June 17, 2024
  9. Atlanta Public Schools, "Fiscal Year 2024 ‐ 2025 Salary Schedule: Teacher," accessed April 15, 2025
  10. Atlanta Public Schools, "Fiscal Year 2023 ‐ 2024 Salary Schedule: Teacher," accessed January 31, 2024
  11. Atlanta Public Schools, "Fiscal Year 2020 ‐ 2021 Salary Schedule: Teacher," accessed April 2, 2021
  12. U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: EDFacts, "State Assessments in Reading/Language Arts and Mathematics- School Year 2018-19 EDFacts Data Documentation," accessed February 25, 2021
  13. Marietta Daily Journal, "Judge grants request from Fulton, Fulton Co. Schools, Atlanta Public Schools for temporary collection order," November 3, 2017
  14. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Fulton County tax bills have been mailed," November 9, 2017
  15. Atlanta Business Chronicle, "Judge sides with Fulton schools, APS in tax case," November 3, 2017
  16. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Atlanta schools to furlough 1,200 staffers in November," November 8, 2017
  17. 17.0 17.1 ATLsuper Blog, "Fulton County Tax Bills in the Mail! Please Pay Them Now!" November 12, 2017 (timed out)
  18. ATLsuper Blog, "APS Takes Legal, Financial Steps to Fight County Tax Collection Delays," October 30, 2017
  19. myAJC, "Fulton County to freeze residential property values at 2016 levels," June 19, 2017
  20. Politically Georgia: Get Schooled, "APS considers teacher furloughs over tax mess. Fulton says no furloughs planned." October 31, 2017 (timed out)
  21. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Fulton County tax bills haven’t been sent, may go out in late October," October 16, 2017
  22. WSB-TV 2, "Fulton County Schools, APS say they're running out of money," October 31, 2017
  23. 23.0 23.1 Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Fulton County’s tax digest is rejected by state, bills will be delayed," October 26, 2017
  24. 24.0 24.1 Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Atlanta school board makes budget changes, approves loan of up to $100 million," September 5, 2017
  25. Atlanta Business Chronicle, "Atlanta Public Schools going to court in property tax dispute," October 31, 2017
  26. myAJC, "Fulton County tax digest rejected by state Department of Revenue," October 26, 2017
  27. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Fulton County Schools: Tax situation ‘dire’," October 26, 2017
  28. 28.0 28.1 myAJC, "APS could furlough employees to solve Fulton County tax problems," October 30, 2017
  29. New York Times, "Atlanta Educators Convicted in School Cheating Scandal," April 1, 2015
  30. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "The APS cheating trial sentences," September 28, 2018
  31. 31.0 31.1 WABE, "Grand Jury Hands Up Indictment in APS Cheating Scandal, Includes Beverly Hall," March 29, 2013
  32. Larry Coplan, USA TODAY, "School cheating scandal shakes up Atlanta," April 14, 2013
  33. Courthouse News Service, "Report Eviscerates Atlanta Schools|for Decade of Systematic Cheating," July 27, 2011
  34. Courthouse News Service, "Special investigation of Atlanta Public Schools: Report, Volume 3," accessed April 5, 2021
  35. Office of the Fulton County District Attorney, "GRAND JURY INDICTS 35 IN CONNECTION WITH ATLANTA PUBLIC SCHOOLS CHEATING SCANDAL," accessed October 23, 2013 (timed out)