Ballotpedia:Index of Terms

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For a full list of terms and definitions, click here.

This page is an editing tool for writers on Ballotpedia. It highlights format standards, key terms and definitions used throughout the site. If you have any questions, please e-mail editor@ballotpedia.org.

Elections

Key voting and election terms:

501(c)(3) • 501(c)(4) • Absentee ballot • Absentee ballot vote fraud • Ballot • Ballot stuffing • Bradley effect • Canvassing • Caucus • Citizen • Closed primary • Constituency • Constitution • Constitutional amendment • Dead people voting • Delegates • Democracy • Direct democracy • Early voting • Election • Election assistance commission (EAC) • Election day registration • Elector • Electorate • Electronic voting fraud • Eligible voter • Exit polling • Federal Election Commission (FEC) • Felon vote fraud • Help America Vote Act (HAVA) • Independent expenditure • Jim Crow laws • Open primary • Overvote • Phone jamming • Platform • Plurality • Political action committee (PAC) • Poll tax • Polling location • Precinct • Presidential primary • Primary election • Proportional representation • Protest vote • Push polling • Registered voter • Runoff primary • Same day registration • Shy Elephant Factor • Straight party voting • Straight-ticket voting • Super PAC • Third-party voter registration • Undervote • Voter caging and purging • Voter impersonation • Voter registration • Voter registration drive • Voter registration fraud • Voting • Voting booth • Voting machines • Voting more than once • Voting Rights Act • Wilder effect

...more terms available here.

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Search tips

Tips for searching election pages:

To search for pages within the Election project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

For state-specific pages, use:

• [[STATE elections, YEAR]].

For state-specific voting and ballot access information, use:

• [[Voting in STATE]] or [[Ballot access requirements for political candidates in STATE]].

Tips for searching policy pages:

To search for pages within the Public Policy Project, try searching for the following:

For energy policy pages, use:

• [[Energy policy in STATE]] or [[Fracking in STATE]].

For environmental policy pages, use:

• [[Environmental policy in STATE]].

For education policy pages, use:

• [[Public education in STATE]] or [[School choice in STATE]].

For budget policy pages, use:

• [[STATE state budget]] or [[Tax policy in STATE]].

For pension policy pages, use:

• [[Tax policy in STATE]] or [[Public pensions in STATE]].

Federal

Presidential elections

Key Presidential Elections terms:

Presidential candidates, 2020 • Presidential candidates, 2016 • Electoral College

To search for pages within the Presidential Elections project on Ballotpedia, please use the following tips:

• Use the Presidential portal to navigate to the appropriate campaign overview page.
• If you know the name of the candidate or possible candidate, you can navigate directly to his or her page. Ex: [[Marco Rubio presidential candidate, 2016]].

Congress

Key Congressional terms:

United States Congress • United States Senate • United States House of Representatives • United States Constitution
Bicameralism • Federal Election Commission • Federal government • Filibuster • Earmarks • Redistricting • Super PAC

...more terms available here.

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Tips for searching Congressional election pages:

Ballotpedia's first elections coverage began in 2012.

• There are four top-level pages: United States Congress elections, 2018, United States Senate elections, 2018, United States House of Representatives elections, 2018 and Special elections to the 115th United States Congress (2017-2018).

To search for pages within the Congress project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

• [[United States Senate election in STATE, YEAR]].
• [[United States House of Representatives elections in STATE, YEAR]].
• [[STATE's NUMBER Congressional District election, YEAR]].
• [[United States Senate special election in STATE, YEAR]] or [[STATE's NUMBER Congressional District special election, YEAR]].

Executive branch

Key Executive branch terms:

Possible 2016 U.S. Presidential candidates • Electoral College

Healthcare.gov website rollout • Health insurance policy cancellations since Obamacare

To search for pages within the Executive Branch project on Ballotpedia, please use the following tips:

• Use the portal page chart to navigate to the appropriate cabinet, office, appointment and/or nominee.
• If you know the name of the official, you can navigate directly to his or her page. Ex: [[Janet Yellen]].

Federal courts

Key judicial terms:

Affidavit • Appellate Court • Arbitration • Blue slip • Capital punishment • Certiorari • Chief Justice • Civil law (common law) • Civil procedure • Court of last resort • Court of record • Criminal law • Cum laude • En banc • Family law • Senior status • Gubernatorial appointment of judges • Habeas Corpus • Judicial activism • Judicial minimalism • Judicial restraint • Juris Doctor • Jurisdiction • Jury • Limited jurisdiction • LL.B. • LL.M. • Mandamus • Mandatory Retirement • Minor (law) • Original jurisdiction • Originalism • Per curiam • Philosophy of law • Prerogative writ • Procedendo • Procedural law • Prohibition (writ) • Purposive theory • Quo warranto • Read law • Recess appointment • Restitution • Rules of evidence • Scire facias • Seriatim • Stare decisis • Subject-matter jurisdiction • Subpoena • Substantive due process • Sui juris • Supernumerary • Textualism • Trial court • Trier of fact • Vicinage • Warrant (legal) • Workers' compensation • Writ

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Tips for searching federal court pages:

You can find links to the federal court pages through the United States federal courts page.

• Appellate (Circuit) courts:

[[United States Court of Appeals for the NUMBER Circuit]] (Example: United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit)

• District court pages are named:

[[United States District Court for the (NORTHERN/EASTERN/SOUTHER/WESTERN/MIDDLE/CENTRAL) District of STATE]]

Or, simply [[United States District Court for the District of STATE]]

• Bankruptcy courts follow similar naming conventions to their associated district courts:

[[United States bankruptcy court, District of STATE]] (or "Northern District of STATE", etc.)

• Pages about former Chief Justice eras are titled: [[The LAST NAME OF JUSTICE Court]] (Example: The Burger Court)

State

State ballots

Key ballot measure terms:

Advisory question • Approved for circulation • Ballot • Ballot access • Ballot initiative • Ballot measure • Ballot title • Bond issue • Circulator • Initiative petition circulation periods • Citizen referendum • Constitutional amendment • Democracy • Direct democracy • Direct initiative • Distribution requirement • Election • Elector • Electronic petition signature • Eligible voter • Fiscal impact statement • Forged signature • Fraudulent signature • Indirect initiated constitutional amendment • Indirect initiated state statute • Indirect initiative • Indirect initiative statute • Initiated constitutional amendment • Initiated state statute • Initiative and referendum • Initiative proponents • Invalid signatures • Laws governing recall • Legislative referral • Legislative alteration • Legislatively-referred bond measure • Legislatively-referred constitutional amendment • Legislatively-referred state statute • Out-of-state circulator • Paid circulator • Petition • Petition drive • Petition drive management • Recall • Referendum • Registered voter • Residency requirements for petition circulators • Signature certification • Signature challenge • Signer • Single-subject rule • Statute • Statute referendum • Valid signature • Veto referendum • Volunteer circulator

...more terms available here.

Tips for searching statewide ballot measure pages:

To search for pages within the statewide ballot measures project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

• By Year - an aggregate of ballot measures that appeared on the ballot by year - follow the format of [[YEAR ballot measures]] (example: 2011 ballot measures). A list of all ballot years can be found here.
• By State & Year pages - an aggregate of ballot measures that appeared on the ballot on a particular year and in a particular state - follow the format of [[STATE YEAR ballot measures]] (example: Washington 2009 ballot measures).
• By State with all Ballot Years - pages by state with lists of all years in which ballot measures were featured - follow the format of [[List of STATE ballot measures]] (example: List of Montana ballot measures).
  • A list of all ballot measures by state can be found here.
• By Topic - ballot measures sorted by various political topics.
  • A list of political topics can be found here.
    
    

State courts

Key judicial terms:

Affidavit • Appellate Court • Arbitration • Blue slip • Capital punishment • Certiorari • Chief Justice • Civil law (common law) • Civil procedure • Court of last resort • Court of record • Criminal law • Cum laude • En banc • Family law • Senior status • Gubernatorial appointment of judges • Habeas Corpus • Judicial activism • Judicial minimalism • Judicial restraint • Juris Doctor • Jurisdiction • Jury • Limited jurisdiction • LL.B. • LL.M. • Mandamus • Mandatory Retirement • Minor (law) • Original jurisdiction • Originalism • Per curiam • Philosophy of law • Prerogative writ • Procedendo • Procedural law • Prohibition (writ) • Purposive theory • Quo warranto • Read law • Recess appointment • Restitution • Rules of evidence • Scire facias • Seriatim • Stare decisis • Subject-matter jurisdiction • Subpoena • Substantive due process • Sui juris • Supernumerary • Textualism • Trial court • Trier of fact • Vicinage • Warrant (legal) • Workers' compensation • Writ

Tips for searching state court pages:

Comprehensive judicial elections coverage on Judgepedia.org began in 2010. In February 2015, Judgepedia.org was merged with Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia continues to provide comprehensive coverage of judicial elections.

Election pages by year: [[Judicial elections, YEAR]]

Election pages by state: [[STATE judicial elections]] (general judicial election info) or [[STATE judicial elections, YEAR]]

Supreme court elections: [[STATE Supreme Court elections, YEAR]] (started in 2014)

All states have the following main pages:

[[Courts in STATE]]

[[Judicial selection in STATE]]

[[STATE judicial elections]]

[[STATE salaries and budgets]]

Additionally, there are pages for judges appointed by each current governor (unless the state does not have gubernatorial judicial appointments):

[[Judges appointed by FIRSTNAME LASTNAME]]

State executives

Key State Executive Officials terms:

Recall • Redistricting

State executive offices:

Governor • Lieutenant Governor • Secretary of State • Attorney general • Treasurer • Controller • Auditor • Superintendent of Schools • Insurance Commissioner • Agriculture Commissioner • Natural Resources Commissioner • Labor Commissioner • Public Service Commissioner

...more terms available here.

Tips for searching State Executive Official pages:

If you are writing about specific state offices (example: the Governor of Kentucky), there are three state executive positions that are written as "Office of STATE."

1. Governor of STATE
2. Lieutenant Governor of STATE
3. Attorney General of STATE

The rest of the executive positions use a "STATE Office" format (example: the Rhode Island Director of Labor) but the specific titles vary from state to state. We've created a chart that links to every office for every state.

To search for pages within the State Executive Officials project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

• [[State executive official elections, YEAR]].

State legislatures

Key state legislative terms:

State legislature • Upper house • Lower house • Unicameral • Redistricting

Leadership positions:

State Speaker of the House • State House Speaker Pro Tempore • State House Majority Floor Leader • State House Assistant Majority Floor Leader • State House Majority Whip • State House Majority Caucus Leader • State House Majority Caucus Secretary • State House Minority Floor Leader • State House Assistant Minority Floor Leader • State House Minority Whip • State House Minority Caucus Leader • State House Minority Caucus Vice Chair • State House Minority Caucus Secretary • President of the Senate • State Senate President Pro Tempore • State Senate Majority Floor Leader • State Senate Assistant Majority Floor Leader • State Senate Majority Caucus Leader • State Senate Majority Whip • State Senate Minority Floor Leader • State Senate Assistant Minority Floor Leader • State Senate Minority Caucus Leader

...more terms available here.

Tips for searching State Legislatures pages:

To search for pages within the State Legislatures project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

• [[State legislative elections, YEAR]].
• [[STATE State Senate elections, YEAR]].
• [[STATE House of Representatives elections, YEAR]].
• [[STATE State Assembly elections, YEAR]].
• [[State legislative special elections, 2013]].
• [[STATE state legislative special elections, 2013]].

Local

Contents
1 Local
1.1 Municipal government
1.2 School board elections
1.3 Local ballot measures

Municipal government

Key Municipal Government terms:

Key mayoral and city council terms:

City • Chamber of commerce • Chartered local government • City • City manager • Collective bargaining, private-public sector differences • Commonwealth • Constitutional officers • Council-manager government • County • County commission • County council • County executive • County mayor • County seat • Local government budgets • Local taxes • Mayor • Mayor-council government • Municipality • Recall

Key judicial terms:

Affidavit • Appellate Court • Arbitration • Blue slip • Capital punishment • Certiorari • Chief Justice • Civil law (common law) • Civil procedure • Court of last resort • Court of record • Criminal law • Cum laude • En banc • Family law • Senior status • Gubernatorial appointment of judges • Habeas Corpus • Judicial activism • Judicial minimalism • Judicial restraint • Juris Doctor • Jurisdiction • Jury • Limited jurisdiction • LL.B. • LL.M. • Mandamus • Mandatory Retirement • Minor (law) • Original jurisdiction • Originalism • Per curiam • Philosophy of law • Prerogative writ • Procedendo • Procedural law • Prohibition (writ) • Purposive theory • Quo warranto • Read law • Recess appointment • Restitution • Rules of evidence • Scire facias • Seriatim • Stare decisis • Subject-matter jurisdiction • Subpoena • Substantive due process • Sui juris • Supernumerary • Textualism • Trial court • Trier of fact • Vicinage • Warrant (legal) • Workers' compensation • Writ

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Tips for searching Municipal Government pages:

To search for pages within the Municipal Government project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

• [[CITY, STATE]]
• [[CITY, STATE municipal elections, YEAR]]

School board elections

Key School Board Election terms:

Academic bankruptcy • Academic performance • Blaine Amendment • Blended learning • Carnegie unit • Charter schools • Common Core • Competency-based learning • Dropout rate • Dual enrollment • Homeschooling • Immersion learning • Liberal education • Magnet schools • No Child Left Behind Act • Online learning • Parent trigger laws • Progressive education • Recall • Race to the Top • School board • School bond election • School choice • School district • School vouchers • Teacher merit pay

...more terms available here.

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Tips for searching School Board Election pages:

To search for pages within the School Board Elections project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

• [[School board elections, YEAR]]
• [[STATE school board elections, YEAR]]
• [[STATE school districts]]
• [[DISTRICT NAME, STATE]]
• [[DISTRICT NAME elections (YEAR)]]

Local ballot measures

Key Local Ballot Measure terms:

Advisory question • Approved for circulation • Ballot • Ballot access • Ballot initiative • Ballot measure • Ballot title • Bond issue • Circulator • Initiative petition circulation periods • Citizen referendum • Democracy • Direct democracy • Direct initiative • Distribution requirement • Election • Elector • Electronic petition signature • Eligible voter • Fiscal impact statement • Forged signature • Fraudulent signature • Indirect initiative • Indirect initiative statute • Initiative and referendum • Initiative proponents • Invalid signatures • Laws governing recall • Legislative referral • Legislative alteration • Legislatively-referred bond measure • Out-of-state circulator • Paid circulator • Petition • Petition drive • Petition drive management • Recall • Referendum • Registered voter • Residency requirements for petition circulators • Signature certification • Signature challenge • Signer • Single-subject rule • Statute • Statute referendum • Valid signature • Veto referendum • Volunteer circulator

...more terms available here.

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Tips for searching Local Ballot Measure pages:

To search for pages within the Local Ballot Measures project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

• By year - a collection of ballot measure articles organized by year - follow the format [[Local ballot measure elections in YEAR]] (example: Local ballot measure elections in 2010).
  • A list of all ballot years can be found here.
• By election date - a collection of ballot measure articles organized by election date - follow the format [[Category:ELECTION DATE local ballot measure elections]] (example: Category:March 1, 2011 local ballot measure elections).
• By state - articles that include election dates, recent news and other related links - follow the format [[Local ballot measures, STATE]] (example: Local ballot measures, Illinois).
  • A list of all local measures by state can be found here.
• By state and election date - articles that include local measures by state and by election date - follow the format [[ELECTION DATE ballot measures in STATE]] (example: July 12, 2011 ballot measures in Wisconsin).
• By topic - articles that organize ballot measures by political topic - follow the format [[Category:Political issues addressed in local STATE ballot measures]] (example: Category:Political issues addressed in local Louisiana ballot measures).
  • A list of local measure political topics can be found here.
    
    

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Tips for searching Ballot Law pages:

Ballot measure law • Laws governing ballot measures by state

To search for pages within the Ballot Law project on Ballotpedia, try searching for the following:

• Law changes by year - articles that provide a list of proposed, approved and defeated laws relating to ballot measure law - follow the format [[Changes in YEAR to laws governing ballot measures]] (example: Changes in 2011 to laws governing ballot measures).
• Lawsuits by year - articles that provide a list of lawsuits relating to ballot measure law and ballot measures by state and year - follow the format [[Category:Ballot measure lawsuits, YEAR]] (example: Category:Ballot measure lawsuits, 2010).
  • A list of such articles can be found here.
• Laws by state - articles that provide a list of various direct democracy law articles - follow the format [[Laws governing ballot measures in STATE]] (example: Laws governing ballot measures in Alaska).
  • A list of articles relating to laws governing ballot measures by state can be found here.
• Initiative laws by state - articles that specifically relate to initiative and referendum laws - follow the format [[Laws governing the initiative process in STATE]] (example: Laws governing the initiative process in Arkansas).

Public policy

The Public Policy Project on Ballotpedia aims to illuminate major policy issues being discussed and implemented throughout the United States. Public policy can be complicated and controversial; deciding what works best and how to allocate resources to achieve a policy goal can involve multiple trade-offs. Our coverage is neutral, nonpartisan and comprehensive, written in clear language for the non-specialist. Most of the public policy that affects citizens economically, legally and socially, is made at the state level.

This index contains all the major terms in each policy area we cover, including links to the 50 state pages we have on any given subject.

Budget terms

1. Glossary of state budget terms
2. Government accounting principles
3. Government budgets
4. Line item veto authority over state budgets
5. Personal income tax
6. Excise taxes
7. Property tax
8. Capital gains tax
9. Estate and inheritance taxes
10. Corporate income tax
11. Sales tax
12. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report
13. Constant dollars
14. Sales tax exemptions for food
15. Current services baseline
16. Bankruptcy option for local governments
17. Federal aid to state budgets
18. U.S. PIRG Following the Money Report
19. Total state government expenditures
20. State tax revenues
21. State spending by function as a percent of total expenditures
22. State government tax collections by source
23. State debt
24. State credit ratings
25. General fund revenue sources

Civil Liberties Policy

Campaign finance terms

1. Independent expenditure
2. PACs and Super PACs
3. Political action committee
4. Super PAC
5. Express advocacy
6. Bundling
7. Issue advocacy
8. Hybrid PAC
9. Receipts v. contributions
10. State campaign finance agencies
11. State campaign finance information

Civil liberties terms

1. Affirmative action
2. Affirmative action and anti-discrimination lawsuits
3. Class-based affirmative action
4. Consideration of race in higher education financial aid
5. Disparate impact
6. Federal and state affirmative action and anti-discrimination laws
7. Free speech on college campuses, 2015
8. Wisconsin John Doe laws
9. State data on colleges considering race in admissions
10. Consideration of race in private college admissions

Education Policy

Education terms

1. Charter schools
2. Teacher merit pay
3. Progressive education
4. School vouchers
5. Regulatory Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate
6. Dropout rate
7. Homeschooling
8. Academic performance
9. Academic bankruptcy
10. School choice in the United States
11. Blended learning
12. College and career ready
13. Competency-based learning
14. Carnegie unit
15. Capacity matrix
16. Adaptive software
17. Accountability measures for charter schools
18. Alternative certification for teachers
19. Assessment literacy
20. Brick-and-mortar education
21. Collegiate learning assessment
22. Commuter school
23. Comprehensive system of learning supports
24. Continuous improvement system
25. Core curriculum
26. Course mentor
27. Coursera
28. Demonstrated student achievement
29. District-level system change
30. Dual enrollment
31. Online learning
32. E-rate
33. Education Achievement Authority
34. English Language Learners
35. Free or reduced-price lunch
36. Global competence learning
37. Financial bankruptcy (of a school district)
38. High-performing charter schools
39. Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)
40. Immersion learning
41. Innovation Lab Network
42. Interactive learning platform
43. Learning edge culture
44. Learning progression
45. Liberal education
46. Learning competencies
47. Learning targets
48. Mastery-based approach
49. MITx
50. Local education agency
51. Novice to mastery competence continuum
52. Pacing in education
53. Proctored assessments
54. Charter school management organization
55. Index of Essential Practices for Charter Authorization
56. Parent trigger laws
57. Magnet schools
58. Virtual charter schools
59. Charter school innovation indicators
60. Education terms and definitions
61. STEM education
62. Special education
63. Private school choice options
64. No Child Left Behind Act
65. Common Core State Standards Initiative
66. Every Student Succeeds Act
67. State policies on cellphone use in K-12 public schools
68. School choice glossary

Election Policy

Election terms

1. Voter registration
2. State Election Result Canvassing
3. State Blue Books
4. Election Assistance Commission
5. Federal Constitutional Voting Protections
6. Voter caging and purging
7. Literacy as a requirement for voting
8. Bradley effect
9. Voter registration fraud
10. Plurality
11. Push polling
12. Delegates
13. Absentee/mail-in ballot vote fraud
14. Third-party voter registration
15. Voter suppression
16. Canvassing
17. Voting booth
18. Polling location
19. Limited government
20. Political party designation
21. Glossary of election policy terms
22. Brokered conventions
23. Pledged delegates
24. Unpledged delegates
25. Bar association ratings
26. Fusion voting
27. Types of delegates
28. Filing deadline
29. Nonpartisan
30. Exit polling
31. General election
32. Midterm elections
33. Race rating definitions and methods
34. State by State Provisional Ballot Laws
35. Incumbent
36. Candidate withdrawal
37. Candidate disqualification
38. Debate over the prevalence of noncitizens voting
39. Eligible voter
40. Election integrity
41. Elector
42. Electorate
43. Shy Elephant Factor
44. Recall (political)
45. Jim Crow laws
46. Vote counting system
47. Signature challenge
48. Ballot
49. Citizen
50. Signature certification
51. Voter registration drive
52. Too close to call
53. Intimidation of voters
54. Constituency
55. Women's suffrage
56. Fraudulent signature
57. Protest vote
58. Circulator affidavit
59. Advanced to Runoff
60. All-mail voting
61. Automatic voter registration
62. Ballot access
63. Ballot selfies
64. Ballot stuffing
65. Closed primary
66. Early voting
67. Electoral system
68. Felon vote fraud
69. Majority-minority districts
70. Online voter registration
71. Open primary
72. Primary election
73. Sample ballot lookup tools
74. Semi-closed primary
75. Straight-ticket voting
76. Voter impersonation
77. Voting age
78. Independent Party
79. Absentee/mail-in voting
80. Same-day voter registration
81. Sore loser laws by state
82. Where do I register to vote
83. Where do I vote
84. Votes cast in the names of deceased people
85. Deprecation (migration) of Voluntary Voting Systems Guidelines 1.0 and 1.1, November 2023
86. Nonpartisan elections
87. Slate of candidates
88. Partisan elections
89. Party labels
90. Poll worker requirements
91. Poll watchers
92. Spoiled ballot
93. The Purcell Principle

Energy Policy

Glossary of energy terms

1. Frac sand
2. Acid mine drainage
3. Biomass
4. BTEX
5. Coal
6. Compressed natural gas
7. Crude oil
8. Directional drilling
9. Feedstock
10. Flowback
11. Frack fluid
12. Geosteering
13. Horizontal drilling
14. Geothermal energy
15. Hydrocarbons
16. Hydrocarbon gas liquid
17. Hydroelectric energy
18. Megawatt
19. Liquid petroleum gas
20. Megawatt hour
21. Natural gas
22. Microseismic monitoring
23. Natural gas liquids
24. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
25. Oil
26. Oil shale
27. Petrochemicals
28. Petroleum
29. Proppants
30. Produced water
31. Renewable energy resources
32. Sedimentary rocks
33. Shale gas
34. Shale play
35. Slurry
36. Slick water frac
37. Solar energy
38. Fossil fuels
39. Transloading
40. Vertical drilling
41. Volatile organic compounds
42. Wellbore
43. Wind energy
44. Mineral rights
45. Ethanol
46. Nuclear power
47. Coalbed methane
48. San Joaquin Basin
49. Basin
50. Petroleum systems
51. Niobrara shale formation
52. Natural gas storage
53. Green jobs
54. Severance tax
55. MCF
56. Renewable Portfolio Standard
57. Glossary of energy terms
58. Energy terms and definitions
59. Tar sands
60. Refining process
61. Renewable Fuel Standard
62. Biofuels
63. Flaring
64. Injection well

Environmental Policy

Glossary of environmental terms

1. Environmental Protection Agency
2. Forest Service
3. Geological Survey
4. Bureau of Land Management
5. Grazing permits and leases, 1935-2016
6. Endangered species, 2016
7. Natural resources, 2014-2017
8. National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2001-2016
9. Pesticide, 2014-2015
10. Fish and Wildlife Service
11. Ozone, 1979-2008
12. Carbon footprint, 2014-2015
13. Climate, 2015-2017
14. Greenhouse effect, 2010-2017
15. Municipal solid waste, 2015-2016
16. Air Quality Index, 2016
17. Superfund, 1980-2015
18. Public water system, 1974-2017
19. Radioactive waste, 2015
20. Glossary of environmental terms, 2014-2017
21. Hazardous air pollutant, 1970-2017
22. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, 2010-2017
23. Point source of water pollution, 1972-2017
24. Groundwater, 2010-2017
25. Nonpoint source water pollution, 1987-2017
26. Wastewater treatment, 2014-2015
27. Water quality criteria, 1972-2017
28. National Priorities List of Superfund sites, 2015
29. Keystone XL Pipeline, 2008-2021
30. Environmental health, 1937-2015
31. Environmental engineering, 1848-2016
32. Environmental restoration, 2004-2017
33. Ecology, 1869-1970
34. Deep ecology, 1972-2016
35. Environmental chemistry, 1950-2016
36. Environmental science, 2015-2017
37. Ground-level ozone standards, 1979-2015
38. National Park Service
39. Federal land
40. EPA Region 1, 2015
41. EPA Region 2, 2015
42. EPA Region 3, 2015
43. EPA Region 10, 2015
44. EPA Region 4, 2015
45. EPA Region 5, 2015
46. EPA Region 6, 2015
47. EPA Region 7, 2015
48. EPA Region 8, 2015
49. EPA Region 9, 2015
50. State park, 2015
51. Air pollutants
52. Carbon dioxide
53. Collective action and common pool resources
54. Conservation
55. Cross State Air Pollution Rule (2011)
56. Drinking water quality
57. Ecomodernism
58. Enforcement at the EPA
59. Environmental justice
60. Fish and Wildlife Service settlements of 2011
61. Free market environmentalism
62. Gold King Mine spill
63. Grazing permits on federal land
64. Greenhouse gas
65. Greenhouse gases and global warming
66. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
67. Major environmental policy issues by state
68. Sustainable development
69. Wetland
70. Mercury and air toxics standards

Pension Policy

Pension policy terms

1. Rate of return
2. Quarter
3. Pension system
4. Financial year
5. Cost of living adjustment
6. Defined Contribution Plan
7. Defined benefit plan
8. Liabilities and assets
9. Pension fund
10. 3% at 50 retirement plan
11. Employee and employer contributions
12. Unfunded liabilities
13. Vested rights
14. Glossary of pension terms
15. Fully funded retirement plan
16. Double dipping
17. 13th Check
18. Governmental Accounting Standards Board
19. Pension spiking
20. Pork barrel
21. Post-employment benefit
22. Pension Terms and Definitions

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Josh Altic, Director of Content • Daniel Anderson, Associate Director of Elections & Data • Cory Eucalitto, Associate Director of Features • Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor of Ballot Measures • Mandy McConnell, Managing Editor of News • Doug Kronaizl, Managing Editor of Local Expansion • Abbey Smith, Managing Editor of Elections • Janie Valentine, Managing Editor of Law • Joel Williams. Managing Editor of Events • Andrew Bahl • Jaclyn Beran • Marielle Bricker • Joseph Brusgard • Emma Burlingame • Kelly Coyle • Jon Dunn • Thomas Ellis • Nicole Fisher • Joseph Greaney • Thomas Grobben • Jaime Healy-Plotkin • Brianna Hosea • Molly Kehoe • Tyler King • Glorie Martinez • Norm Leahy, Senior Editor • Nathan Maxwell • Jimmy McAllister • Brandon McCauley • Ellie Mikus • Ellen Morrissey • Mackenzie Murphy • Kaley Platek • Samantha Post • Adam Powell • Annelise Reinwald • Ethan Rice • Spencer Richardson • Victoria Rose • Briana Ryan • Myj Saintyl • Maddy Salucka • Emma Soukup • Alexis Thacker • Mina Vogel • Samuel Wonacott • Trenton Woodcox

Influencers

Key Influencers terms:

What is an influencer? • 501(c)(3) • 501(c)(4) • Bellwether • Benchmark polls and focus groups • Campaign communications • Campaign manager • Chairperson • Chamber of commerce • Closing argument (political campaigns) • Community chest • Executive order • Fiscal sponsor • Get out the vote • Grassroots organizing • Hybrid PAC • Minor political party • Municipal leagues • Nonprofit coalition • Nonprofit corporation • Nonprofit network • PACs and Super PACs • Political action committee • Political director • Political strategist • Presidential memorandum • Presidential proclamation • Special prosecutor • Stabilizer • Super PAC • Switcher • Unincorporated nonprofit association • What can politicians do with unused campaign funds? • What is an influencer? • What is GOTV?