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Brownlow Committee

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Brownlow Committee
Basic facts
Location:Washington, D.C.
Founder(s):Franklin D. Roosevelt
Year founded:1936

The Brownlow Committee, officially called the President's Committee on Administrative Management, was a group of four men that President Franklin D. Roosevelt charged with recommending ideas to reorganize the Executive branch. Roosevelt claimed that effective management of federal administration served to make democracy efficient.[1] The committee investigated ways to make the Executive Branch more effective.[1]

Mission

According to the Brownlow Committee report, Administrative Management in the Government of the United States, the committee had the following mission:[2]

[T]o investigate and report particularly upon the last function; namely, that of administrative management—the organization for the performance of the duties imposed upon the President in exercising the executive power vested in him by the Constitution of the United States.[3]

The report concluded its recommendations with a statement about what would be required to implement them:[1]

These changes cannot be adopted and maintained unless the American people itself fully appreciates the advantages of good management and insists upon getting them. The need for reorganization rests not alone on the idea of savings, considerable as they will be, but upon better service to society. The times demand better government organization, staffed with more competent public servants, more free to do their best, and coordinated by an Executive accountable to the Congress, and fully equipped with modern tools of management.[3]

Work

President Roosevelt announced the report of the committee in January 1937 with the following statement:[1]

Modern management equipment for the Federal Government so that it may do promptly and efficiently what is expected of it by the American people is the keynote of the report made today to the President by his Committee on Administrative Management. The purpose of making Federal administrative management modern and businesslike is to make American democracy efficient. It is the view of the Committee that self-government cannot long survive even in this country unless it can do its work efficiently.[3]

Roosevelt went on to summarize the committee's five-point program to reorganize the Executive Branch:[1]

Modernize the White House business and management organization by giving the President six high-grade executive assistants to aid him in dealing with the regular departments and agencies.


Strengthen the budget and efficiency research, the planning, and the personnel services of the Government, so that these may be effective managerial arms for the President, with which he may better coordinate, direct and manage all of the work of the Executive Branch for which he is responsible under the Constitution.

Place the whole governmental administrative service on a career basis and under the merit system by extending the civil service upward, outward and downward to include all non-policy-determining positions and jobs.

Overhaul the more than 100 separate departments, boards, commissions, administrations, authorities, corporations, committees, agencies and activities which are now parts of the Executive Branch, and theoretically under the President, and consolidate them within twelve regular departments, which would include the existing ten departments and two new departments, a Department of Social Welfare, and a Department of Public Works. Change the name of the Department of Interior to Department of Conservation.

Make the Executive Branch accountable to the Congress by creating a true postaudit of financial transactions by an independent Auditor General who would report illegal and wasteful expenditures to Congress without himself becoming involved in the management of departmental policy, and transfer the duties of the present Comptroller in part to the Auditor, to the Treasury, and to the Attorney General.[3]

President Roosevelt quoted committee warnings about risks it saw associated with the growth of independent agencies before and during the New Deal era:[1]

The Committee on Administrative Management also condemns all other boards and commissions when used for management, and recommends that they be abolished and their work transferred to the regular departments, in which there would be set up, wherever needed, a commission or board to deal exclusively with the judicial phases of the work. The Committee points out that the independent commissions have been created one by one over the past 50 years, and that they threaten in time to become 'a headless fourth branch of the Government, not contemplated by the Constitution, and not responsible administratively either to the President, to the Congress, or to the Courts.'[3]

Membership

The following men were members of the committee:[1]

  • Louis Brownlow
  • Luther Gulick
  • Charles E. Merriam
  • Joseph P. Harris, Director of Research

See also

Footnotes