Budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process

This page provides information about budget resolutions proposed and adopted during the 119th Congress.

Budget resolutions are resolutions that broadly outline spending priorities for a reconciliation bill. The Senate and the House adopting identical budget resolutions is the first step in the reconciliation process. Budget reconciliation is a legislative process that can be used to override the filibuster and expedite the approval of a package of legislation in Congress that changes spending, revenues, or the debt limit.

The House voted 217-215 on February 25, 2025, to adopt the initial version of the budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14) that included border, defense, and energy spending, along with tax reductions to replace the expiring tax policy from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018. There were 217 Republicans who voted in favor of the resolution, while Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) and 214 Democrats voted against the resolution.

The Senate voted 51-48 to adopt an amended version of H.Con.Res.14 on April 5, 2025. The amended version also included a debt ceiling increase. On April 10, the House voted to adopt the Senate-amended version of HCon.Res.14, completing the budget resolution process. The House voted 216-214 in favor of the resolution, with Reps. Victoria Spartz (R-Ind.) and Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) joining 212 Democrats in voting against the resolution.

The Senate had previously voted 52-48 to approve a version of the fiscal year 2025 budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7) focused primarily on border, defense, and energy spending in February.

Click the links below to navigate to the following sections:

• Timeline: Key dates and votes related to the resolutions.
• Final budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14 amended): A summary and the text of the final budget resolution adopted by the Senate on April 5 and by the House on April 10.
• First U.S. House budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14): A summary and the text of the first House budget resolution adopted on February 25, 2025.
• First Senate budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7): A summary and the text of the first Senate budget resolution adopted on February 21, 2025.
• Adopted budget resolutions, 2001-2024: A list of budget resolutions adopted from 2001 to 2024.
• Budget reconciliation in U.S. Congress: An overview of the budget reconciliation process.

Timeline

• April 10, 2025: The House voted 216-214 to adopt the Senate-amended version of H.Con.Res.14, completing the budget resolution process.
• April 4-5, 2025: The Senate held a vote-a-rama on the Senate amendment of H.Con.Res.14. There were 21 votes on amendments related to the resolution. After the vote-a-rama, the Senate voted 51-48 to adopt the budget resolution.
• April 2, 2025: Senate Republicans released the text of a new revised version of the House's budget resolution.
• February 25, 2025: The House voted 217-215 to adopt their budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14).
• February 20-21, 2025: The Senate held a vote-a-rama on the Senate budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7). There were 25 roll call votes on amendments to the resolution. After the vote-a-rama, the Senate voted 52-48 to adopt the budget resolution.
• February 13, 2025: The House Budget Committee voted 21-16 to approve the House budget resolution. The vote was along party lines with all Republicans on the committee voting in favor and all Democrats voting against.
• February 12, 2025:
  • The Senate Budget Committee voted 11-10 to approve the Senate budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7). The vote was along party lines with all Republicans on the committee voting in favor and all Democrats voting against.
  • House Republicans released the text of the House budget resolution.
• February 7, 2025: Senate Budget Committee Chairman Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) released the text of the Senate budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7).

Final budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14 amended)

The U.S. Senate adopted an amended version of the House's budget resolution on April 5, 2025. The House adopted the Senate-amended version of H.Con.Res.14 on April 10. This resolution outlines the spending priorities for the Republican budget reconciliation bill. This resolution includes taxes, the border, defense, energy, and raising the debt limit, as some of its main policy areas of focus.

Specifically, it gives instructions to the following House and Senate committees to adjust laws within their jurisdictions in order to meet certain budgetary guidelines, expressed in either a reduction of the deficit by no less than a certain figure (decreased spending or increased revenue generation) or an increase to the deficit by no more than a certain future (increased spending or decreased revenue generation) from 2025 to 2034.

Final budget resolution instructions to House committees
Committee	Jurisdiction	Effect on deficit from FY 2025-2034 (in billions)
Agriculture	House Agriculture Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Agriculture Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Adulteration of seeds, insect pests, and protection of birds and animals in forest reserves. (2) Agriculture generally. (3) Agricultural and industrial chemistry. (4) Agricultural colleges and experiment stations. (5) Agricultural economics and research. (6) Agricultural education extension services. (7) Agricultural production and marketing and stabilization of prices of agricultural products, and commodities (not including distribution outside of the United States). (8) Animal industry and diseases of animals. (9) Commodity exchanges. (10) Crop insurance and soil conservation. (11) Dairy industry. (12) Entomology and plant quarantine. (13) Extension of farm credit and farm security. (14) Inspection of livestock, poultry, meat products, and seafood and seafood products. (15) Forestry in general and forest reserves other than those created from the public domain. (16) Human nutrition and home economics. (17) Plant industry, soils, and agricultural engineering. (18) Rural electrification. (19) Rural development. (20) Water conservation related to activities of the Department of Agriculture.	-$230
Armed Services	House Armed Services Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Armed Services Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Ammunition depots; forts; arsenals; and Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force reservations and establishments. (2) Common defense generally. (3) Conservation, development, and use of naval petroleum and oil shale reserves. (4) The Department of Defense generally, including the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, generally. (5) Interoceanic canals generally, including measures relating to the maintenance, operation, and administration of interoceanic canals. (6) Merchant Marine Academy and State Maritime Academies. (7) Military applications of nuclear energy. (8) Tactical intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the Department of Defense. (9) National security aspects of merchant marine, including financial assistance for the construction and operation of vessels, maintenance of the U.S. shipbuilding and ship repair industrial base, cabotage, cargo preference, and merchant marine officers and seafarers as these matters relate to the national security. (10) Pay, promotion, retirement, and other benefits and privileges of members of the armed forces. (11) Scientific research and development in support of the armed services. (12) Selective service. (13) Size and composition of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force. (14) Soldiers’ and sailors’ homes. (15) Strategic and critical materials necessary for the common defense. (16) Cemeteries administered by the Department of Defense.	+$100
Education and the Workforce	House Education and the Workforce Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Education and the Workforce Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Child labor. (2) Gallaudet University and Howard University and Hospital. (3) Convict labor and the entry of goods made by convicts into interstate commerce. (4) Food programs for children in schools. (5) Labor standards and statistics. (6) Education or labor generally. (7) Mediation and arbitration of labor disputes. (8) Regulation or prevention of importation of foreign laborers under contract. (9) Workers’ compensation. (10) Vocational rehabilitation. (11) Wages and hours of labor. (12) Welfare of miners. (13) Work incentive programs. (14) Organization, administration, and general management of the Department of Education. (15) Organization, administration, and general management of the Department of Labor.	-$330
Energy and Commerce	House Energy and Commerce Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Energy and Commerce Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Biomedical research and development. (2) Consumer affairs and consumer protection. (3) Health and health facilities (except health care supported by payroll deductions). (4) Interstate energy compacts. (5) Interstate and foreign commerce generally. (6) Exploration, production, storage, supply, marketing, pricing, and regulation of energy resources, including all fossil fuels, solar energy, and other unconventional or renewable energy resources. (7) Conservation of energy resources. (8) Energy information generally. (9) The generation and marketing of power (except by federally chartered or Federal regional power marketing authorities); reliability and interstate transmission of, and ratemaking for, all power; and siting of generation facilities (except the installation of interconnections between Government waterpower projects). (10) General management of the Department of Energy and management and all functions of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. (11) National energy policy generally. (12) Public health and quarantine. (13) Regulation of the domestic nuclear energy industry, including regulation of research and development reactors and nuclear regulatory research. (14) Regulation of interstate and foreign communications. (15) Travel and tourism. The committee shall have the same jurisdiction with respect to regulation of nuclear facilities and of use of nuclear energy as it has with respect to regulation of nonnuclear facilities and of use of nonnuclear energy.	-$880
Financial Services	House Financial Services Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Financial Services Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Banks and banking, including deposit insurance and Federal monetary policy. (2) Economic stabilization, defense production, renegotiation, and control of the price of commodities, rents, and services. (3) Financial aid to commerce and industry (other than transportation). (4) Insurance generally. (5) International finance. (6) International financial and monetary organizations. (7) Money and credit, including currency and the issuance of notes and redemption thereof; gold and silver, including the coinage thereof; valuation and revaluation of the dollar. (8) Public and private housing. (9) Securities and exchanges. (10) Urban development.	-$1
Homeland Security	House Homeland Security Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Overall homeland security policy. (2) Organization, administration, and general management of the Department of Homeland Security. (3) Functions of the Department of Homeland Security relating to the following: (A) Border and port security (except immigration policy and non-border enforcement); (B) Customs (except customs revenue); (C) Integration, analysis, and dissemination of homeland security information; (D) Domestic preparedness for and collective response to terrorism; (E) Research and development; (F) Transportation security; (G) Cybersecurity.	+$90
Judiciary	House Judiciary Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Judiciary Committee's jurisdiction: (1) The judiciary and judicial proceedings, civil and criminal. (2) Administrative practice and procedure. (3) Apportionment of Representatives. (4) Bankruptcy, mutiny, espionage, and counterfeiting. (5) Civil liberties. (6) Constitutional amendments. (7) Criminal law enforcement and criminalization. (8) Federal courts and judges, and local courts in the Territories and possessions. (9) Immigration policy and non-border enforcement. (10) Interstate compacts generally. (11) Claims against the United States. (12) Meetings of Congress; attendance of Members, Delegates, and the Resident Commissioner; and their acceptance of incompatible offices. (13) National penitentiaries. (14) Patents, the Patent and Trademark Office, copyrights, and trademarks. (15) Presidential succession. (16) Protection of trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies. (17) Revision and codification of the Statutes of the United States. (18) State and territorial boundary lines. (19) Subversive activities affecting the internal security of the United States.	+$110
Natural Resources	House Natural Resources Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Natural Resources Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Fisheries and wildlife, including research, restoration, refuges, and conservation. (2) Forest reserves and national parks created from the public domain. (3) Forfeiture of land grants and alien ownership, including alien ownership of mineral lands. (4) Geological Survey. (5) International fishing agreements. (6) Interstate compacts relating to apportionment of waters for irrigation purposes. (7) Irrigation and reclamation, including water supply for reclamation projects and easements of public lands for irrigation projects; and acquisition of private lands when necessary to complete irrigation projects. (8) Native Americans generally, including the care and allotment of Native American lands and general and special measures relating to claims that are paid out of Native American funds. (9) Insular areas of the United States generally (except those affecting the revenue and appropriations). (10) Military parks and battlefields, national cemeteries administered by the Secretary of the Interior, parks within the District of Columbia, and the erection of monuments to the memory of individuals. (11) Mineral land laws and claims and entries thereunder. (12) Mineral resources of public lands. (13) Mining interests generally. (14) Mining schools and experimental stations. (15) Marine affairs, including coastal zone management (except for measures relating to oil and other pollution of navigable waters). (16) Oceanography. (17) Petroleum conservation on public lands and conservation of the radium supply in the United States. (18) Preservation of prehistoric ruins and objects of interest on the public domain. (19) Public lands generally, including entry, easements, and grazing thereon. (20) Relations of the United States with Native Americans and Native American tribes. (21) Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline (except ratemaking).	-$1
Oversight and Government Reform	House Oversight and Government Reform Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Federal civil service, including intergovernmental personnel; and the status of officers and employees of the United States, including their compensation, classification, and retirement. (2) Municipal affairs of the District of Columbia in general (other than appropriations). (3) Federal paperwork reduction. (4) Government management and accounting measures generally. (5) Holidays and celebrations. (6) Overall economy, efficiency, and management of government operations and activities, including Federal procurement. (7) National archives. (8) Population and demography generally, including the Census. (9) Postal service generally, including transportation of the mails. (10) Public information and records. (11) Relationship of the Federal Government to the States and municipalities generally. (12) Reorganizations in the executive branch of the Government.	-$50
Transportation and Infrastructure	House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Coast Guard, including lifesaving service, lighthouses, lightships, ocean derelicts, and the Coast Guard Academy. (2) Federal management of emergencies and natural disasters. (3) Flood control and improvement of rivers and harbors. (4) Inland waterways. (5) Inspection of merchant marine vessels, lights and signals, lifesaving equipment, and fire protection on such vessels. (6) Navigation and laws relating thereto, including pilotage. (7) Registering and licensing of vessels and small boats. (8) Rules and international arrangements to prevent collisions at sea. (9) The Capitol Building and the Senate and House Office Buildings. (10) Construction or maintenance of roads and post roads (other than appropriations therefor). (11) Construction or reconstruction, maintenance, and care of buildings and grounds of the Botanic Garden, the Library of Congress, and the Smithsonian Institution. (12) Merchant marine (except for national security aspects thereof). (13) Purchase of sites and construction of post offices, customhouses, Federal courthouses, and Government buildings within the District of Columbia. (14) Oil and other pollution of navigable waters, including inland, coastal, and ocean waters. (15) Marine affairs, including coastal zone management, as they relate to oil and other pollution of navigable waters. (16) Public buildings and occupied or improved grounds of the United States generally. (17) Public works for the benefit of navigation, including bridges and dams (other than international bridges and dams). (18) Related transportation regulatory agencies (except the Transportation Security Administration). (19) Roads and the safety thereof. (20) Transportation, including civil aviation, railroads, water transportation, transportation safety (except automobile safety and transportation security functions of the Department of Homeland Security), transportation infrastructure, transportation labor, and railroad retirement and unemployment (except revenue measures related thereto). (21) Water power.	-$10
Ways and Means	House Ways and Means Committee jurisdiction   According to House rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the House Ways and Means Committee's jurisdiction: (1) Customs revenue, collection districts, and ports of entry and delivery. (2) Reciprocal trade agreements. (3) Revenue measures generally. (4) Revenue measures relating to insular possessions. (5) Bonded debt of the United States, subject to the last sentence of clause 4(f). (6) Deposit of public monies. (7) Transportation of dutiable goods. (8) Tax exempt foundations and charitable trusts. (9) National social security (except health care and facilities programs that are supported from general revenues as opposed to payroll deductions and except work incentive programs).	+$4,500

Final budget resolution instructions to Senate committees
Committee	Jurisdiction	Effect on deficit from FY 2025-2034 (in billions)
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry	Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Agricultural economics and research. 2. Agricultural extension services and experiment stations. 3. Agricultural production, marketing, and stabilization of prices. 4. Agriculture and agricultural commodities. 5. Animal industry and diseases. 6. Crop insurance and soil conservation. 7. Farm credit and farm security. 8. Food from fresh waters. 9. Food stamp programs. 10. Forestry, and forest reserves and wilderness areas other than those created from the public domain. 11. Home economics. 12. Human nutrition. 13. Inspection of livestock, meat, and agricultural products. 14. Pests and pesticides. 15. Plant industry, soils, and agricultural engineering. 16. Rural development, rural electrification, and watersheds. 17. School nutrition programs.	-$1
Armed Services	Senate Armed Services Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Armed Services Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Aeronautical and space activities peculiar to or primarily associated with the development of weapons systems or military operations. 2. Common defense. 3. Department of Defense, the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force, generally. 4. Maintenance and operation of the Panama Canal, including administration, sanitation, and government of the Canal Zone. 5. Military research and development. 6. National security aspects of nuclear energy. 7. Naval petroleum reserves, except those in Alaska. 8. Pay, promotion, retirement, and other benefits and privileges of members of the Armed Forces, including overseas education of civilian and military dependents. 9. Selective service system. 10. Strategic and critical materials necessary for the common defense.	+$150
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs	Senate Armed Services Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Armed Services Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Banks, banking, and financial institutions. 2. Control of prices of commodities, rents, and services. 3. Deposit insurance. 4. Economic stabilization and defense production. 5. Export and foreign trade promotion. 6. Export controls 7. Federal monetary policy, including Federal Reserve System. 8. Financial aid to commerce and industry. 9. Issuance and redemption of notes. 10. Money and credit, including currency and coinage. 11. Nursing home construction. 12. Public and private housing (including veterans' housing). 13. Renegotiation of Government contracts. 14. Urban development and urban mass transit.	-$1
Commerce, Science, and Transportation	Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Coast Guard. 2. Coastal zone management. 3. Communications. 4. Highway safety. 5. Inland waterways, except construction. 6. Interstate commerce. 7. Marine and ocean navigation, safety, and transportation, including navigational aspects of deepwater ports. 8. Marine fisheries. 9. Merchant marine and navigation. 10. Nonmilitary aeronautical and space sciences. 11. Oceans, weather, and atmospheric activities. 12. Panama Canal and interoceanic canals generally, except as provided in subparagraph (c). 13. Regulation of consumer products and services, including testing related to toxic substances, other than pesticides, and except for credit, financial services, and housing. 14. Regulation of interstate common carriers, including railroads, buses, trucks, vessels, pipelines, and civil aviation. 15. Science, engineering, and technology research and development and policy. 16. Sports. 17. Standards and measurement. 18. Transportation. 19. Transportation and commerce aspects of Outer Continental Shelf lands.	+$20
Energy and Natural Resources	Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Coal production, distribution, and utilization. 2. Energy policy. 3. Energy regulation and conservation. 4. Energy related aspects of deepwater ports. 5. Energy research and development. 6. Extraction of minerals from oceans and Outer Continental Shelf lands. 7. Hydroelectric power, irrigation, and reclamation. 8. Mining education and research. 9. Mining, mineral lands, mining claims, and mineral conservation. 10. National parks, recreation areas, wilderness areas, wild and scenic rivers, historical sites, military parks and battlefields, and on the public domain, preservation of prehistoric ruins and objects of interest. 11. Naval petroleum reserves in Alaska. 12. Nonmilitary development of nuclear energy. 13. Oil and gas production and distribution. 14. Public lands and forests, including farming and grazing thereon, and mineral extraction therefrom. 15. Solar energy systems. 16. Territorial possessions of the United States, including trusteeships.	-$1
Environment and Public Works	Senate Environment and Public Works Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Air pollution. 2. Construction and maintenance of highways. 3. Environmental aspects of Outer Continental Shelf lands. 4. Environmental effects of toxic substances, other than pesticides. 5. Environmental policy. 6. Environmental research and development. 7. Fisheries and wildlife. 8. Flood control and improvements of rivers and harbors, including environmental aspects of deepwater ports. 9. Noise pollution. 10. Nonmilitary environmental regulation and control of nuclear energy. 11. Ocean dumping. 12. Public buildings and improved grounds of the United States generally, including Federal buildings in the District of Columbia. 13. Public works, bridges, and dams. 14. Regional economic development. 15. Solid waste disposal and recycling. 16. Water pollution. 17. Water resources.	+$1
Finance	Senate Finance Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Finance Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Bonded debt of the United States, except as provided in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. 2. Customs, collection districts, and ports of entry and delivery. 3. Deposit of public moneys. 4. General revenue sharing. 5. Health programs under the Social Security Act and health programs financed by a specific tax or trust fund. 6. National social security. 7. Reciprocal trade agreements. 8. Revenue measures generally, except as provided in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. 9. Revenue measures relating to the insular possessions. 10. Tariffs and import quotas, and matters related thereto. 11. Transportation of dutiable goods.	+$1,500 (Treats Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018 as current policy baseline, meaning renewing the policy isn't included in this figure. If the renewal of the policy was included in this figure, it would be +$5,336. Click here to learn more about current policy baselines.)
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions	Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Measures relating to education, labor, health, and public welfare. 2. Aging. 3. Agricultural colleges. 4. Arts and humanities. 5. Biomedical research and development. 6. Child labor. 7. Convict labor and the entry of goods made by convicts into interstate commerce. 8. Domestic activities of the American National Red Cross. 9. Equal employment opportunity. 10. Gallaudet College, Howard University, and Saint Elizabeths Hospital. 11. Individuals with disabilities. 12. Labor standards and labor statistics. 13. Mediation and arbitration of labor disputes. 14. Occupational safety and health, including the welfare of miners. 15. Private pension plans. 16. Public health. 17. Railway labor and retirement. 18. Regulation of foreign laborers. 19. Student loans. 20. Wages and hours of labor.	-$1
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs	Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee's jurisdiction: 1. All matters relating to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) except for: (1) the Coast Guard, the Transportation Security Administration, the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, the Secret Service, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service, the immigration functions of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Immigration and Custom Enforcement, and the Directorate of Border and Transportation Security; and (2) customs revenue functions (including any function provided for in the Homeland Security Act of 2002) performed by DHS employees, commercial functions or commercial operations of the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection or Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, including matters relating to trade facilitation and trade regulation, or functions related to those performed by such employees that were exercised by the U.S. Customs Service on the day before the effective date of the Act. 2. Archives of the United States 3. Budget and accounting measures, other than appropriations, except as provided in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 4. Census and collection of statistics, including economic and social statistics 5. Congressional organization, except for any part of the matter that amends the Senate's rules or orders 6. Federal Civil Service 7. Government information 8. Intergovernmental relations 9. Municipal affairs of the District of Columbia, except its appropriations 10. Organization and management of U.S. nuclear export policy 11. Organization and reorganization of the executive branch 12. Postal Service 13. Status of Federal officers and employees, including their classification, compensation, and benefits.	+$175 (overlaps with Judiciary instructions)
Judiciary	Senate Judiciary Committee jurisdiction   According to Senate rules, bills and programs related to the following topics fall within the Senate Judiciary Committee's jurisdiction: 1. Apportionment of Representatives. 2. Bankruptcy, mutiny, espionage, and counterfeiting. 3. Civil liberties. 4. Constitutional amendments. 5. Federal courts and judges. 6. Government information. 7. Holidays and celebrations. 8. Immigration and naturalization. 9. Interstate compacts generally. 10. Judicial proceedings, civil and criminal, generally. 11. Local courts in the territories and possessions. 12. Measures relating to claims against the United States. 13. National penitentiaries. 14. Patent Office. 15. Patents, copyrights, and trademarks. 16. Protection of trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies 17. Revision and codification of the statutes of the United States. 18. State and territorial boundary lines.	+$175 (overlaps with Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs instructions)

Senate roll call vote

The Senate voted 51-48 to approve the resolution on April 5, 2025. Fifty-one Republicans voted in favor of the resolution, while Sens. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Susan Collins (R-Maine), 44 Democrats, and both independents who caucus with Democrats voted in opposition.

Senate vote on Senate-amended budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14 amended) (April 5, 2025)
Senator	Party	State	Vote
Angela Alsobrooks	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Tammy Baldwin	Democratic	Wisconsin	Nay
Jim Banks	Republican	Indiana	Yea
John Barrasso	Republican	Wyoming	Yea
Michael F. Bennet	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Marsha Blackburn	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Richard Blumenthal	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Lisa Blunt Rochester	Democratic	Delaware	Nay
Cory Booker	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
John Boozman	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Katie Britt	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Ted Budd	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Maria Cantwell	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Shelley Moore Capito	Republican	West Virginia	Yea
Bill Cassidy	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Susan Collins	Republican	Maine	Nay
Chris Coons	Democratic	Delaware	Nay
John Cornyn	Republican	Texas	Yea
Catherine Cortez Masto	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Tom Cotton	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Kevin Cramer	Republican	North Dakota	Yea
Mike Crapo	Republican	Idaho	Yea
Ted Cruz	Republican	Texas	Yea
John Curtis	Republican	Utah	Yea
Steve Daines	Republican	Montana	Yea
Tammy Duckworth	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Dick Durbin	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Joni Ernst	Republican	Iowa	Yea
John Fetterman	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Deb Fischer	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
Ruben Gallego	Democratic	Arizona	Nay
Kirsten Gillibrand	Democratic	New York	Nay
Lindsey Graham	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Chuck Grassley	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Bill Hagerty	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Maggie Hassan	Democratic	New Hampshire	Nay
Josh Hawley	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Martin Heinrich	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
John Hickenlooper	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Mazie Hirono	Democratic	Hawaii	Nay
John Hoeven	Republican	North Dakota	Yea
Jon Husted	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Cindy Hyde-Smith	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Ron Johnson	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Jim Justice	Republican	West Virginia	Yea
Tim Kaine	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Mark Kelly	Democratic	Arizona	Nay
John Kennedy	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Andy Kim	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Angus King	Independent	Maine	Nay
Amy Klobuchar	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
James Lankford	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Mike Lee	Republican	Utah	Yea
Ben Ray Luján	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
Cynthia Lummis	Republican	Wyoming	Yea
Ed Markey	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Roger Marshall	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Mitch McConnell	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
David McCormick	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Jeff Merkley	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Ashley B. Moody	Republican	Florida	Yea
Jerry Moran	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Bernie Moreno	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Markwayne Mullin	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Lisa Murkowski	Republican	Alaska	Yea
Chris Murphy	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Patty Murray	Democratic	Washington	Not Voting
Jon Ossoff	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Alex Padilla	Democratic	California	Nay
Rand Paul	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Gary Peters	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Jack Reed	Democratic	Rhode Island	Nay
Pete Ricketts	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
James E. Risch	Republican	Idaho	Yea
Jacky Rosen	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Mike Rounds	Republican	South Dakota	Yea
Bernie Sanders	Independent	Vermont	Nay
Brian Schatz	Democratic	Hawaii	Nay
Adam Schiff	Democratic	California	Nay
Eric Schmitt	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Chuck Schumer	Democratic	New York	Nay
Rick Scott	Republican	Florida	Yea
Tim Scott	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Jeanne Shaheen	Democratic	New Hampshire	Nay
Tim Sheehy	Republican	Montana	Yea
Elissa Slotkin	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Tina Smith	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
Dan Sullivan	Republican	Alaska	Yea
John Thune	Republican	South Dakota	Yea
Thom Tillis	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Tommy Tuberville	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Chris Van Hollen	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Mark R. Warner	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Raphael Warnock	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Elizabeth Warren	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Peter Welch	Democratic	Vermont	Nay
Sheldon Whitehouse	Democratic	Rhode Island	Nay
Roger Wicker	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Ron Wyden	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Todd Young	Republican	Indiana	Yea

Vote-a-rama

See also: Vote-a-ramas in the U.S. Senate

As part of the budget reconciliation process in the U.S. Senate, senators are allowed to propose amendments to the reconciliation bill after the debate period has ended. Senators briefly explain the amendment before the Senate proceeds to a roll call with a 10-minute duration. This process, sometimes called the vote-a-rama, has no procedural limit on the number of amendments that can be proposed. Between 1977 and 2024, the most votes held during a vote-a-rama was 44 during consideration of Senate Democrats' 2008 congressional budget resolution in the 110th Congress.

The Senate held a vote-a-rama on the budget resolution from April 4-5. There were 21 roll call votes on amendments to the resolution.

House roll call vote

The House voted 216-214 to adopt the Senate-amended resolution on April 10, 2025, with 216 Republicans voting in favor of the resolution and Reps. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.), Victoria Spartz (R-Ind.), and 212 Democrats voting in opposition. Reps. Donald Norcross (D-N.J.), Robert Onder (R-Mo.), and David Valadao (R-Calif.) did not vote.

House vote on Senate-amended budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14 amended) (April 10, 2025)
Adams	Democratic	North Carolina	Nay
Aderholt	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Aguilar	Democratic	California	Nay
Alford	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Allen	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Amo	Democratic	Rhode Island	Nay
Amodei (NV)	Republican	Nevada	Yea
Ansari	Democratic	Arizona	Nay
Arrington	Republican	Texas	Yea
Auchincloss	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Babin	Republican	Texas	Yea
Bacon	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
Baird	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Balderson	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Balint	Democratic	Vermont	Nay
Barr	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
Barragán	Democratic	California	Nay
Barrett	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Baumgartner	Republican	Washington	Yea
Bean (FL)	Republican	Florida	Yea
Beatty	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Begich	Republican	Alaska	Yea
Bell	Democratic	Missouri	Nay
Bentz	Republican	Oregon	Yea
Bera	Democratic	California	Nay
Bergman	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Beyer	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Bice	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Biggs (AZ)	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Biggs (SC)	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Bilirakis	Republican	Florida	Yea
Bishop	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Boebert	Republican	Colorado	Yea
Bonamici	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Bost	Republican	Illinois	Yea
Boyle (PA)	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Brecheen	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Bresnahan	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Brown	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Brownley	Democratic	California	Nay
Buchanan	Republican	Florida	Yea
Budzinski	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Burchett	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Burlison	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Bynum	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Calvert	Republican	California	Yea
Cammack	Republican	Florida	Yea
Carbajal	Democratic	California	Nay
Carey	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Carson	Democratic	Indiana	Nay
Carter (GA)	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Carter (LA)	Democratic	Louisiana	Nay
Carter (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Casar	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Case	Democratic	Hawaii	Nay
Casten	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Castor (FL)	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Castro (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Cherfilus-McCormick	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Chu	Democratic	California	Nay
Ciscomani	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Cisneros	Democratic	California	Nay
Clark (MA)	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Clarke (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Cleaver	Democratic	Missouri	Nay
Cline	Republican	Virginia	Yea
Cloud	Republican	Texas	Yea
Clyburn	Democratic	South Carolina	Nay
Clyde	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Cohen	Democratic	Tennessee	Nay
Cole	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Collins	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Comer	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
Conaway	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Connolly	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Correa	Democratic	California	Nay
Costa	Democratic	California	Nay
Courtney	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Craig	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
Crane	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Crank	Republican	Colorado	Yea
Crawford	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Crenshaw	Republican	Texas	Yea
Crockett	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Crow	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Cuellar	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Davids (KS)	Democratic	Kansas	Nay
Davidson	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Davis (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Davis (NC)	Democratic	North Carolina	Nay
De La Cruz	Republican	Texas	Yea
Dean (PA)	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
DeGette	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
DeLauro	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
DelBene	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Deluzio	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
DeSaulnier	Democratic	California	Nay
DesJarlais	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Dexter	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Diaz-Balart	Republican	Florida	Yea
Dingell	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Doggett	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Donalds	Republican	Florida	Yea
Downing	Republican	Montana	Yea
Dunn (FL)	Republican	Florida	Yea
Edwards	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Elfreth	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Ellzey	Republican	Texas	Yea
Emmer	Republican	Minnesota	Yea
Escobar	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Espaillat	Democratic	New York	Nay
Estes	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Evans (CO)	Republican	Colorado	Yea
Evans (PA)	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Ezell	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Fallon	Republican	Texas	Yea
Fedorchak	Republican	North Dakota	Yea
Feenstra	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Fields	Democratic	Louisiana	Nay
Figures	Democratic	Alabama	Nay
Fine	Republican	Florida	Yea
Finstad	Republican	Minnesota	Yea
Fischbach	Republican	Minnesota	Yea
Fitzgerald	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Fitzpatrick	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Fleischmann	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Fletcher	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Flood	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
Fong	Republican	California	Yea
Foster	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Foushee	Democratic	North Carolina	Nay
Foxx	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Frankel, Lois	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Franklin, Scott	Republican	Florida	Yea
Friedman	Democratic	California	Nay
Frost	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Fry	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Fulcher	Republican	Idaho	Yea
Garamendi	Democratic	California	Nay
Garbarino	Republican	New York	Yea
Garcia (CA)	Democratic	California	Nay
García (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Garcia (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Gill (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Gillen	Democratic	New York	Nay
Gimenez	Republican	Florida	Yea
Golden (ME)	Democratic	Maine	Nay
Goldman (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Goldman (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Gomez	Democratic	California	Nay
Gonzales, Tony	Republican	Texas	Yea
Gonzalez, V.	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Gooden	Republican	Texas	Yea
Goodlander	Democratic	New Hampshire	Nay
Gosar	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Gottheimer	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Graves	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Gray	Democratic	California	Nay
Green (TN)	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Green, Al (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Greene (GA)	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Griffith	Republican	Virginia	Yea
Grothman	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Guest	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Guthrie	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
Hageman	Republican	Wyoming	Yea
Hamadeh (AZ)	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Harder (CA)	Democratic	California	Nay
Haridopolos	Republican	Florida	Yea
Harrigan	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Harris (MD)	Republican	Maryland	Yea
Harris (NC)	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Harshbarger	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Hayes	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Hern (OK)	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Higgins (LA)	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Hill (AR)	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Himes	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Hinson	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Horsford	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Houchin	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Houlahan	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Hoyer	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Hoyle (OR)	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Hudson	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Huffman	Democratic	California	Nay
Huizenga	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Hunt	Republican	Texas	Yea
Hurd (CO)	Republican	Colorado	Yea
Issa	Republican	California	Yea
Ivey	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Jack	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Jackson (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Jackson (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Jacobs	Democratic	California	Nay
James	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Jayapal	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Jeffries	Democratic	New York	Nay
Johnson (GA)	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Johnson (LA)	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Johnson (SD)	Republican	South Dakota	Yea
Johnson (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Jordan	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Joyce (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Joyce (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Kamlager-Dove	Democratic	California	Nay
Kaptur	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Kean	Republican	New Jersey	Yea
Keating	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Kelly (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Kelly (MS)	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Kelly (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Kennedy (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Kennedy (UT)	Republican	Utah	Yea
Khanna	Democratic	California	Nay
Kiggans (VA)	Republican	Virginia	Yea
Kiley (CA)	Republican	California	Yea
Kim	Republican	California	Yea
Knott	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Krishnamoorthi	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Kustoff	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
LaHood	Republican	Illinois	Yea
LaLota	Republican	New York	Yea
LaMalfa	Republican	California	Yea
Landsman	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Langworthy	Republican	New York	Yea
Larsen (WA)	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Larson (CT)	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Latimer	Democratic	New York	Nay
Latta	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Lawler	Republican	New York	Yea
Lee (FL)	Republican	Florida	Yea
Lee (NV)	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Lee (PA)	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Leger Fernandez	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
Letlow	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Levin	Democratic	California	Nay
Liccardo	Democratic	California	Nay
Lieu	Democratic	California	Nay
Lofgren	Democratic	California	Nay
Loudermilk	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Lucas	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Luna	Republican	Florida	Yea
Luttrell	Republican	Texas	Yea
Lynch	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Mace	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Mackenzie	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Magaziner	Democratic	Rhode Island	Nay
Malliotakis	Republican	New York	Yea
Maloy	Republican	Utah	Yea
Mann	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Mannion	Democratic	New York	Nay
Massie	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Mast	Republican	Florida	Yea
Matsui	Democratic	California	Nay
McBath	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
McBride	Democratic	Delaware	Nay
McCaul	Republican	Texas	Yea
McClain	Republican	Michigan	Yea
McClain Delaney	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
McClellan	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
McClintock	Republican	California	Yea
McCollum	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
McCormick	Republican	Georgia	Yea
McDonald Rivet	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
McDowell	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
McGarvey	Democratic	Kentucky	Nay
McGovern	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
McGuire	Republican	Virginia	Yea
McIver	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Meeks	Democratic	New York	Nay
Menendez	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Meng	Democratic	New York	Nay
Messmer	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Meuser	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Mfume	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Miller (IL)	Republican	Illinois	Yea
Miller (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Miller (WV)	Republican	West Virginia	Yea
Miller-Meeks	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Mills	Republican	Florida	Yea
Min	Democratic	California	Nay
Moolenaar	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Moore (AL)	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Moore (NC)	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Moore (UT)	Republican	Utah	Yea
Moore (WI)	Democratic	Wisconsin	Nay
Moore (WV)	Republican	West Virginia	Yea
Moran	Republican	Texas	Yea
Morelle	Democratic	New York	Nay
Morrison	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
Moskowitz	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Moulton	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Mrvan	Democratic	Indiana	Nay
Mullin	Democratic	California	Nay
Murphy	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Nadler	Democratic	New York	Nay
Neal	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Neguse	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Nehls	Republican	Texas	Yea
Newhouse	Republican	Washington	Yea
Norcross	Democratic	New Jersey	Not Voting
Norman	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Nunn (IA)	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Obernolte	Republican	California	Yea
Ocasio-Cortez	Democratic	New York	Nay
Ogles	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Olszewski	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Omar	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
Onder	Republican	Missouri	Not Voting
Owens	Republican	Utah	Yea
Pallone	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Palmer	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Panetta	Democratic	California	Nay
Pappas	Democratic	New Hampshire	Nay
Patronis	Republican	Florida	Yea
Pelosi	Democratic	California	Nay
Perez	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Perry	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Peters	Democratic	California	Nay
Pettersen	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Pfluger	Republican	Texas	Yea
Pingree	Democratic	Maine	Nay
Pocan	Democratic	Wisconsin	Nay
Pou	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Pressley	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Quigley	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Ramirez	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Randall	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Raskin	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Reschenthaler	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Riley (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Rivas	Democratic	California	Nay
Rogers (AL)	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Rogers (KY)	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
Rose	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Ross	Democratic	North Carolina	Nay
Rouzer	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Roy	Republican	Texas	Yea
Ruiz	Democratic	California	Nay
Rulli	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Rutherford	Republican	Florida	Yea
Ryan	Democratic	New York	Nay
Salazar	Republican	Florida	Yea
Salinas	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Sánchez	Democratic	California	Nay
Scalise	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Scanlon	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Schakowsky	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Schmidt	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Schneider	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Scholten	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Schrier	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Schweikert	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Scott (VA)	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Scott, Austin	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Scott, David	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Self	Republican	Texas	Yea
Sessions	Republican	Texas	Yea
Sewell	Democratic	Alabama	Nay
Sherman	Democratic	California	Nay
Sherrill	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Shreve	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Simon	Democratic	California	Nay
Simpson	Republican	Idaho	Yea
Smith (MO)	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Smith (NE)	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
Smith (NJ)	Republican	New Jersey	Yea
Smith (WA)	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Smucker	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Sorensen	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Soto	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Spartz	Republican	Indiana	Nay
Stansbury	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
Stanton	Democratic	Arizona	Nay
Stauber	Republican	Minnesota	Yea
Stefanik	Republican	New York	Yea
Steil	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Steube	Republican	Florida	Yea
Stevens	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Strickland	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Strong	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Stutzman	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Subramanyam	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Suozzi	Democratic	New York	Nay
Swalwell	Democratic	California	Nay
Sykes	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Takano	Democratic	California	Nay
Taylor	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Tenney	Republican	New York	Yea
Thanedar	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Thompson (CA)	Democratic	California	Nay
Thompson (MS)	Democratic	Mississippi	Nay
Thompson (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Tiffany	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Timmons	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Titus	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Tlaib	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Tokuda	Democratic	Hawaii	Nay
Tonko	Democratic	New York	Nay
Torres (CA)	Democratic	California	Nay
Torres (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Trahan	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Tran	Democratic	California	Nay
Turner (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Underwood	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Valadao	Republican	California	Not Voting
Van Drew	Republican	New Jersey	Yea
Van Duyne	Republican	Texas	Yea
Van Orden	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Vargas	Democratic	California	Nay
Vasquez	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
Veasey	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Velázquez	Democratic	New York	Nay
Vindman	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Wagner	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Walberg	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Wasserman Schultz	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Waters	Democratic	California	Nay
Watson Coleman	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Weber (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Webster (FL)	Republican	Florida	Yea
Westerman	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Whitesides	Democratic	California	Nay
Wied	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Williams (GA)	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Williams (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Wilson (FL)	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Wilson (SC)	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Wittman	Republican	Virginia	Yea
Womack	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Yakym	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Zinke	Republican	Montana	Yea

Text of the resolution

The section below provides the full text of the resolution.

First U.S. House budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14)

The U.S. House budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14) adopted by the House on February 25, 2025, includes taxes, the border, defense, and energy, as some of its main policy areas of focus. Specifically, it gives instructions to the following House committees to adjust laws within their jurisdictions in order to meet certain budgetary guidelines, expressed in either a reduction of the deficit by no less than a certain figure (decreased spending) or an increase to the deficit by no more than a certain figure (increased spending) from 2025 through 2034. The resolution approved by the committee did not include instructions for Senate committees.

House budget resolution instructions to House committees
Committee	Effect on deficit from FY 2025-2034 (in billions)
Agriculture	-$230
Armed Services	+$100
Education and the Workforce	-$330
Energy and Commerce	$-880
Financial Services	-$1
Homeland Security	+$90
Judiciary	+$110
Natural Resources	-$1
Oversight and Government Reform	-$50
Transportation and Infrastructure	-$10
Ways and Means	+$4,500

Roll call vote

The House voted 217-215 to adopt the resolution on February 25, 2025, with 217 Republicans voting in favor of the resolution and Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) and 214 Democrats voting in opposition. One Democrat, Rep. Raúl Grijalva (D-Ariz.), did not vote.

House vote on House budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14) (February 25, 2025)
Representative	Party	State	Vote
Adams	Democratic	North Carolina	Nay
Aderholt	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Aguilar	Democratic	California	Nay
Alford	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Allen	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Amo	Democratic	Rhode Island	Nay
Amodei (NV)	Republican	Nevada	Yea
Ansari	Democratic	Arizona	Nay
Arrington	Republican	Texas	Yea
Auchincloss	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Babin	Republican	Texas	Yea
Bacon	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
Baird	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Balderson	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Balint	Democratic	Vermont	Nay
Barr	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
Barragán	Democratic	California	Nay
Barrett	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Baumgartner	Republican	Washington	Yea
Bean (FL)	Republican	Florida	Yea
Beatty	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Begich	Republican	Alaska	Yea
Bell	Democratic	Missouri	Nay
Bentz	Republican	Oregon	Yea
Bera	Democratic	California	Nay
Bergman	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Beyer	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Bice	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Biggs (AZ)	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Biggs (SC)	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Bilirakis	Republican	Florida	Yea
Bishop	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Boebert	Republican	Colorado	Yea
Bonamici	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Bost	Republican	Illinois	Yea
Boyle (PA)	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Brecheen	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Bresnahan	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Brown	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Brownley	Democratic	California	Nay
Buchanan	Republican	Florida	Yea
Budzinski	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Burchett	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Burlison	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Bynum	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Calvert	Republican	California	Yea
Cammack	Republican	Florida	Yea
Carbajal	Democratic	California	Nay
Carey	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Carson	Democratic	Indiana	Nay
Carter (GA)	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Carter (LA)	Democratic	Louisiana	Nay
Carter (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Casar	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Case	Democratic	Hawaii	Nay
Casten	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Castor (FL)	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Castro (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Cherfilus-McCormick	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Chu	Democratic	California	Nay
Ciscomani	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Cisneros	Democratic	California	Nay
Clark (MA)	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Clarke (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Cleaver	Democratic	Missouri	Nay
Cline	Republican	Virginia	Yea
Cloud	Republican	Texas	Yea
Clyburn	Democratic	South Carolina	Nay
Clyde	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Cohen	Democratic	Tennessee	Nay
Cole	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Collins	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Comer	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
Conaway	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Connolly	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Correa	Democratic	California	Nay
Costa	Democratic	California	Nay
Courtney	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Craig	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
Crane	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Crank	Republican	Colorado	Yea
Crawford	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Crenshaw	Republican	Texas	Yea
Crockett	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Crow	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Cuellar	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Davids (KS)	Democratic	Kansas	Nay
Davidson	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Davis (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Davis (NC)	Democratic	North Carolina	Nay
De La Cruz	Republican	Texas	Yea
Dean (PA)	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
DeGette	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
DeLauro	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
DelBene	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Deluzio	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
DeSaulnier	Democratic	California	Nay
DesJarlais	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Dexter	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Diaz-Balart	Republican	Florida	Yea
Dingell	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Doggett	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Donalds	Republican	Florida	Yea
Downing	Republican	Montana	Yea
Dunn (FL)	Republican	Florida	Yea
Edwards	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Elfreth	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Ellzey	Republican	Texas	Yea
Emmer	Republican	Minnesota	Yea
Escobar	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Espaillat	Democratic	New York	Nay
Estes	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Evans (CO)	Republican	Colorado	Yea
Evans (PA)	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Ezell	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Fallon	Republican	Texas	Yea
Fedorchak	Republican	North Dakota	Yea
Feenstra	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Fields	Democratic	Louisiana	Nay
Figures	Democratic	Alabama	Nay
Finstad	Republican	Minnesota	Yea
Fischbach	Republican	Minnesota	Yea
Fitzgerald	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Fitzpatrick	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Fleischmann	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Fletcher	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Flood	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
Fong	Republican	California	Yea
Foster	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Foushee	Democratic	North Carolina	Nay
Foxx	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Frankel, Lois	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Franklin, Scott	Republican	Florida	Yea
Friedman	Democratic	California	Nay
Frost	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Fry	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Fulcher	Republican	Idaho	Yea
Garamendi	Democratic	California	Nay
Garbarino	Republican	New York	Yea
Garcia (CA)	Democratic	California	Nay
García (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Garcia (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Gill (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Gillen	Democratic	New York	Nay
Gimenez	Republican	Florida	Yea
Golden (ME)	Democratic	Maine	Nay
Goldman (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Goldman (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Gomez	Democratic	California	Nay
Gonzales, Tony	Republican	Texas	Yea
Gonzalez, V.	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Gooden	Republican	Texas	Yea
Goodlander	Democratic	New Hampshire	Nay
Gosar	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Gottheimer	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Graves	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Gray	Democratic	California	Nay
Green (TN)	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Green, Al (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Greene (GA)	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Griffith	Republican	Virginia	Yea
Grijalva	Democratic	Arizona	Not Voting
Grothman	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Guest	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Guthrie	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
Hageman	Republican	Wyoming	Yea
Hamadeh (AZ)	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Harder (CA)	Democratic	California	Nay
Haridopolos	Republican	Florida	Yea
Harrigan	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Harris (MD)	Republican	Maryland	Yea
Harris (NC)	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Harshbarger	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Hayes	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Hern (OK)	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Higgins (LA)	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Hill (AR)	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Himes	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Hinson	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Horsford	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Houchin	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Houlahan	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Hoyer	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Hoyle (OR)	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Hudson	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Huffman	Democratic	California	Nay
Huizenga	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Hunt	Republican	Texas	Yea
Hurd (CO)	Republican	Colorado	Yea
Issa	Republican	California	Yea
Ivey	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Jack	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Jackson (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Jackson (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Jacobs	Democratic	California	Nay
James	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Jayapal	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Jeffries	Democratic	New York	Nay
Johnson (GA)	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Johnson (LA)	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Johnson (SD)	Republican	South Dakota	Yea
Johnson (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Jordan	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Joyce (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Joyce (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Kamlager-Dove	Democratic	California	Nay
Kaptur	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Kean	Republican	New Jersey	Yea
Keating	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Kelly (IL)	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Kelly (MS)	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Kelly (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Kennedy (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Kennedy (UT)	Republican	Utah	Yea
Khanna	Democratic	California	Nay
Kiggans (VA)	Republican	Virginia	Yea
Kiley (CA)	Republican	California	Yea
Kim	Republican	California	Yea
Knott	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Krishnamoorthi	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Kustoff	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
LaHood	Republican	Illinois	Yea
LaLota	Republican	New York	Yea
LaMalfa	Republican	California	Yea
Landsman	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Langworthy	Republican	New York	Yea
Larsen (WA)	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Larson (CT)	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Latimer	Democratic	New York	Nay
Latta	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Lawler	Republican	New York	Yea
Lee (FL)	Republican	Florida	Yea
Lee (NV)	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Lee (PA)	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Leger Fernandez	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
Letlow	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Levin	Democratic	California	Nay
Liccardo	Democratic	California	Nay
Lieu	Democratic	California	Nay
Lofgren	Democratic	California	Nay
Loudermilk	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Lucas	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Luna	Republican	Florida	Yea
Luttrell	Republican	Texas	Yea
Lynch	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Mace	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Mackenzie	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Magaziner	Democratic	Rhode Island	Nay
Malliotakis	Republican	New York	Yea
Maloy	Republican	Utah	Yea
Mann	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Mannion	Democratic	New York	Nay
Massie	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Mast	Republican	Florida	Yea
Matsui	Democratic	California	Nay
McBath	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
McBride	Democratic	Delaware	Nay
McCaul	Republican	Texas	Yea
McClain	Republican	Michigan	Yea
McClain Delaney	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
McClellan	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
McClintock	Republican	California	Yea
McCollum	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
McCormick	Republican	Georgia	Yea
McDonald Rivet	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
McDowell	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
McGarvey	Democratic	Kentucky	Nay
McGovern	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
McGuire	Republican	Virginia	Yea
McIver	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Meeks	Democratic	New York	Nay
Menendez	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Meng	Democratic	New York	Nay
Messmer	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Meuser	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Mfume	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Miller (IL)	Republican	Illinois	Yea
Miller (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Miller (WV)	Republican	West Virginia	Yea
Miller-Meeks	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Mills	Republican	Florida	Yea
Min	Democratic	California	Nay
Moolenaar	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Moore (AL)	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Moore (NC)	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Moore (UT)	Republican	Utah	Yea
Moore (WI)	Democratic	Wisconsin	Nay
Moore (WV)	Republican	West Virginia	Yea
Moran	Republican	Texas	Yea
Morelle	Democratic	New York	Nay
Morrison	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
Moskowitz	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Moulton	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Mrvan	Democratic	Indiana	Nay
Mullin	Democratic	California	Nay
Murphy	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Nadler	Democratic	New York	Nay
Neal	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Neguse	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Nehls	Republican	Texas	Yea
Newhouse	Republican	Washington	Yea
Norcross	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Norman	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Nunn (IA)	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Obernolte	Republican	California	Yea
Ocasio-Cortez	Democratic	New York	Nay
Ogles	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Olszewski	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Omar	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
Onder	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Owens	Republican	Utah	Yea
Pallone	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Palmer	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Panetta	Democratic	California	Nay
Pappas	Democratic	New Hampshire	Nay
Pelosi	Democratic	California	Nay
Perez	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Perry	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Peters	Democratic	California	Nay
Pettersen	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Pfluger	Republican	Texas	Yea
Pingree	Democratic	Maine	Nay
Pocan	Democratic	Wisconsin	Nay
Pou	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Pressley	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Quigley	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Ramirez	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Randall	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Raskin	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Reschenthaler	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Riley (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Rivas	Democratic	California	Nay
Rogers (AL)	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Rogers (KY)	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
Rose	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Ross	Democratic	North Carolina	Nay
Rouzer	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Roy	Republican	Texas	Yea
Ruiz	Democratic	California	Nay
Rulli	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Rutherford	Republican	Florida	Yea
Ryan	Democratic	New York	Nay
Salazar	Republican	Florida	Yea
Salinas	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Sánchez	Democratic	California	Nay
Scalise	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Scanlon	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Schakowsky	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Schmidt	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Schneider	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Scholten	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Schrier	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Schweikert	Republican	Arizona	Yea
Scott (VA)	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Scott, Austin	Republican	Georgia	Yea
Scott, David	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Self	Republican	Texas	Yea
Sessions	Republican	Texas	Yea
Sewell	Democratic	Alabama	Nay
Sherman	Democratic	California	Nay
Sherrill	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Shreve	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Simon	Democratic	California	Nay
Simpson	Republican	Idaho	Yea
Smith (MO)	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Smith (NE)	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
Smith (NJ)	Republican	New Jersey	Yea
Smith (WA)	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Smucker	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Sorensen	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Soto	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Spartz	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Stansbury	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
Stanton	Democratic	Arizona	Nay
Stauber	Republican	Minnesota	Yea
Stefanik	Republican	New York	Yea
Steil	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Steube	Republican	Florida	Yea
Stevens	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Strickland	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Strong	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Stutzman	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Subramanyam	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Suozzi	Democratic	New York	Nay
Swalwell	Democratic	California	Nay
Sykes	Democratic	Ohio	Nay
Takano	Democratic	California	Nay
Taylor	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Tenney	Republican	New York	Yea
Thanedar	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Thompson (CA)	Democratic	California	Nay
Thompson (MS)	Democratic	Mississippi	Nay
Thompson (PA)	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Tiffany	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Timmons	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Titus	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Tlaib	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Tokuda	Democratic	Hawaii	Nay
Tonko	Democratic	New York	Nay
Torres (CA)	Democratic	California	Nay
Torres (NY)	Democratic	New York	Nay
Trahan	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Tran	Democratic	California	Nay
Turner (OH)	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Turner (TX)	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Underwood	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Valadao	Republican	California	Yea
Van Drew	Republican	New Jersey	Yea
Van Duyne	Republican	Texas	Yea
Van Orden	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Vargas	Democratic	California	Nay
Vasquez	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
Veasey	Democratic	Texas	Nay
Velázquez	Democratic	New York	Nay
Vindman	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Wagner	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Walberg	Republican	Michigan	Yea
Wasserman Schultz	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Waters	Democratic	California	Nay
Watson Coleman	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Weber (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Webster (FL)	Republican	Florida	Yea
Westerman	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Whitesides	Democratic	California	Nay
Wied	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Williams (GA)	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Williams (TX)	Republican	Texas	Yea
Wilson (FL)	Democratic	Florida	Nay
Wilson (SC)	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Wittman	Republican	Virginia	Yea
Womack	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Yakym	Republican	Indiana	Yea
Zinke	Republican	Montana	Yea

Text of the resolution

The section below provides the full text of the resolution.

First U.S. Senate budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7)

The U.S. Senate budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7) adopted by the Senate on February 21, 2025, included the border, defense, and energy, as some of its main policy areas of focus. Specifically, it gave instructions to House and Senate committees to adjust laws within their jurisdictions in order to meet certain budgetary guidelines, expressed in either a reduction of the deficit by no less than a certain figure (decreased spending or increased revenue generation) or an increase to the deficit by no more than a certain figure (increased spending) from 2025 through 2034. Expand the tables below to see the instructions given to each committee.

Senate budget resolution instructions to House committees
Committee	Effect on deficit from FY 2025-2034 (in billions)
Agriculture	-$1
Armed Services	+$150
Education and the Workforce	-$1
Energy and Commerce	-$1
Natural Resources	-$1
Homeland Security	+$175 (Instructions overlap with Judiciary)
Judiciary	+$175 (Instructions overlap with Homeland Security)
Transportation and Infrastructure	+$20

Senate budget resolution instructions to Senate committees
Committee	Effect on deficit from FY 2025-2034 (in billions)
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry	-$1
Armed Services	+$150
Commerce, Science, and Transportation	+$20
Energy and Natural Resources	-$1
Environment and Public Works	+$1
Finance	-$1
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions	-$1
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs	+$175 (Instructions overlap with Judiciary)
Judiciary	+$175 (Instructions overlap with Homeland Security)

Roll call vote

The Senate voted 52-4 to approve the resolution on February 21, 2025. Fifty-two Republicans voted in favor of the resolution, while Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), all 45 Democrats, and both independents who caucus with Democrats voted in opposition.

Senate vote on Senate budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7) (February 21, 2025)
Senator	Party	State	Vote
Angela Alsobrooks	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Tammy Baldwin	Democratic	Wisconsin	Nay
Jim Banks	Republican	Indiana	Yea
John Barrasso	Republican	Wyoming	Yea
Michael F. Bennet	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Marsha Blackburn	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Richard Blumenthal	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Lisa Blunt Rochester	Democratic	Delaware	Nay
Cory Booker	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
John Boozman	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Katie Britt	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Ted Budd	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Maria Cantwell	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Shelley Moore Capito	Republican	West Virginia	Yea
Bill Cassidy	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Susan Collins	Republican	Maine	Yea
Chris Coons	Democratic	Delaware	Nay
John Cornyn	Republican	Texas	Yea
Catherine Cortez Masto	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Tom Cotton	Republican	Arkansas	Yea
Kevin Cramer	Republican	North Dakota	Yea
Mike Crapo	Republican	Idaho	Yea
Ted Cruz	Republican	Texas	Yea
John Curtis	Republican	Utah	Yea
Steve Daines	Republican	Montana	Yea
Tammy Duckworth	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Dick Durbin	Democratic	Illinois	Nay
Joni Ernst	Republican	Iowa	Yea
John Fetterman	Democratic	Pennsylvania	Nay
Deb Fischer	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
Ruben Gallego	Democratic	Arizona	Nay
Kirsten Gillibrand	Democratic	New York	Nay
Lindsey Graham	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Chuck Grassley	Republican	Iowa	Yea
Bill Hagerty	Republican	Tennessee	Yea
Maggie Hassan	Democratic	New Hampshire	Nay
Josh Hawley	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Martin Heinrich	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
John Hickenlooper	Democratic	Colorado	Nay
Mazie Hirono	Democratic	Hawaii	Nay
John Hoeven	Republican	North Dakota	Yea
Jon Husted	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Cindy Hyde-Smith	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Ron Johnson	Republican	Wisconsin	Yea
Jim Justice	Republican	West Virginia	Yea
Tim Kaine	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Mark Kelly	Democratic	Arizona	Nay
John Kennedy	Republican	Louisiana	Yea
Andy Kim	Democratic	New Jersey	Nay
Angus King	Independent	Maine	Nay
Amy Klobuchar	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
James Lankford	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Mike Lee	Republican	Utah	Yea
Ben Ray Luján	Democratic	New Mexico	Nay
Cynthia Lummis	Republican	Wyoming	Yea
Ed Markey	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Roger Marshall	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Mitch McConnell	Republican	Kentucky	Yea
David McCormick	Republican	Pennsylvania	Yea
Jeff Merkley	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Ashley B. Moody	Republican	Florida	Yea
Jerry Moran	Republican	Kansas	Yea
Bernie Moreno	Republican	Ohio	Yea
Markwayne Mullin	Republican	Oklahoma	Yea
Lisa Murkowski	Republican	Alaska	Yea
Chris Murphy	Democratic	Connecticut	Nay
Patty Murray	Democratic	Washington	Nay
Jon Ossoff	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Alex Padilla	Democratic	California	Nay
Rand Paul	Republican	Kentucky	Nay
Gary Peters	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Jack Reed	Democratic	Rhode Island	Nay
Pete Ricketts	Republican	Nebraska	Yea
James E. Risch	Republican	Idaho	Yea
Jacky Rosen	Democratic	Nevada	Nay
Mike Rounds	Republican	South Dakota	Yea
Bernie Sanders	Independent	Vermont	Nay
Brian Schatz	Democratic	Hawaii	Nay
Adam Schiff	Democratic	California	Nay
Eric Schmitt	Republican	Missouri	Yea
Chuck Schumer	Democratic	New York	Nay
Rick Scott	Republican	Florida	Yea
Tim Scott	Republican	South Carolina	Yea
Jeanne Shaheen	Democratic	New Hampshire	Nay
Tim Sheehy	Republican	Montana	Yea
Elissa Slotkin	Democratic	Michigan	Nay
Tina Smith	Democratic	Minnesota	Nay
Dan Sullivan	Republican	Alaska	Yea
John Thune	Republican	South Dakota	Yea
Thom Tillis	Republican	North Carolina	Yea
Tommy Tuberville	Republican	Alabama	Yea
Chris Van Hollen	Democratic	Maryland	Nay
Mark R. Warner	Democratic	Virginia	Nay
Raphael Warnock	Democratic	Georgia	Nay
Elizabeth Warren	Democratic	Massachusetts	Nay
Peter Welch	Democratic	Vermont	Nay
Sheldon Whitehouse	Democratic	Rhode Island	Nay
Roger Wicker	Republican	Mississippi	Yea
Ron Wyden	Democratic	Oregon	Nay
Todd Young	Republican	Indiana	Yea

Vote-a-rama

See also: Vote-a-ramas in the U.S. Senate

As part of the budget reconciliation process in the U.S. Senate, senators are allowed to propose amendments to the reconciliation bill after the debate period has ended. Senators briefly explain the amendment before the Senate proceeds to a roll call with a 10-minute duration. This process, sometimes called the vote-a-rama, has no procedural limit on the number of amendments that can be proposed. Between 1977 and 2024, the most votes held during a vote-a-rama was 47 during consideration of Senate Democrats' 2022 congressional budget resolution in the 117th Congress.

The Senate held a vote-a-rama on the budget resolution from February 20-21. There were 25 roll call votes on amendments to the resolution.

Text of the resolution

Expand the section below to view the full text of the resolution.

Text of the resolution

Adopted budget resolutions, 2001-2024

The table below displays a list of budget resolutions adopted by the U.S. Congress from 2001 to 2024.

Adopted budget resolutions, 2001-2024
Fiscal year	Resolution	House vote on adoption	Senate vote on adoption	Date adopted
2024	None	-	-	-
2023	None	-	-	-
2022	S.Con.Res.14	220-212	50-49	August 24, 2021
2021	S.Con.Res.5	219-209	51-50	February 5, 2021
2020	None	-	-	-
2019	None	-	-	-
2018	H.Con.Res.71	216-212	51-49	October 26, 2017
2017	S.Con.Res.3	227-198	51-48	January 12, 2017
2016	S.Con.Res.11	226-197	51-48	May 5, 2015
2015	None	-	-	-
2014	None	-	-	-
2013	None	-	-	-
2012	None	-	-	-
2011	None	-	-	-
2010	S.Con.Res.13	233-193	53-43	April 29, 2009
2009	S.Con.Res.70	214-210	48-45	June 5, 2008
2008	S.Con.Res.21	214-209	52-40	May 17, 2007
2007	None	-	-	-
2006	H.Con.Res.95	214-211	52-47	April 28, 2005
2005	None	-	-	-
2004	H.Con.Res.95	216-211	51-50	April 11, 2003
2003	None	-	-	-
2002	H.Con.Res.83	221-207	53-47	May 10, 2001

Budget reconciliation in U.S. Congress

See also: Budget reconciliation in U.S. Congress

What is budget reconciliation?
Budget reconciliation is a legislative process that can be used to override the filibuster and expedite the approval of a package of legislation in Congress that changes spending, revenues, or the debt limit. Budget reconciliation bills have limits on debate so they require a simple majority (51 votes) instead of the three-fifths majority (60 votes) usually needed in the Senate to bring bills to a vote.

The reconciliation process occurs if Congress passes a budget resolution for the fiscal year that gives reconciliation instructions. The provisions of reconciliation bills are crafted by committees or added through amendments. The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and the budget resolution limit the content of the reconciliation bill. Those limitations are enforced through the Byrd Rule.
Why does it matter?
Since budget resolutions and budget reconciliation have limits on debate so that they cannot be filibustered in the Senate, the package of bills passed through reconciliation requires support from 51 senators instead of 60. After the 2024 elections, Republicans had a 53-seat majority in the Senate and a majority in the House.

Between 2010 and 2024, Democratic trifectas passed three budget reconciliation bills, Republican trifectas passed one, and one was passed by a Republican-controlled Congress and vetoed by a Democratic president in a divided government. Reconciliation is most frequently used when one party has trifecta control of the House, the Senate, and the Presidency, but does not have a 60% majority in the Senate.
What is the background?
The budget reconciliation process was created by Title III of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. The law, in addition to the budget reconciliation process, created congressional budget committees and the Congressional Budget Office. President Richard Nixon (R) signed the law into effect on July 12, 1974. The Byrd Rule, which provides senators with a mechanism to attempt to remove or block provisions from a reconciliation bill by raising points of order against them, was adopted in the 1980s and formally included in the Congressional Budget Act in 1990. The Byrd Rule, added in the 1980s, restricts what can be included in reconciliation bills and empowers the Senate Parliamentarian to advise on its enforcement.

Key legislation during the second Trump administration

This section provides links to coverage of key federal legislation considered during the second Trump administration. To be included, the bill must have met several of the following qualifying factors:

• Collaboration between the president and congressional leadership on the bill
• Use of the reconciliation process to pass the bill
• Changes to the congressional procedure to pass the bill
• Estimated cost of the bill as evaluated by the Congressional Budget Office
• Extent of public relations campaign to promote the bill
• Domestic and international policy ramifications

Legislation in the 119th Congress

• One Big Beautiful Bill Act
• Budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process

See also

• Donald Trump presidential administration, 2025
• Budget reconciliation in U.S. Congress
• Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
• Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018
• 119th Congress

Footnotes

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Editorial Content

Josh Altic, Director of Content • Daniel Anderson, Associate Director of Elections & Data • Cory Eucalitto, Associate Director of Features • Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor of Ballot Measures • Mandy McConnell, Managing Editor of News • Doug Kronaizl, Managing Editor of Local Expansion • Abbey Smith, Managing Editor of Elections • Janie Valentine, Managing Editor of Law • Joel Williams. Managing Editor of Events • Andrew Bahl • Jaclyn Beran • Marielle Bricker • Joseph Brusgard • Emma Burlingame • Kelly Coyle • Jon Dunn • Thomas Ellis • Nicole Fisher • Joseph Greaney • Thomas Grobben • Brianna Hosea • Molly Kehoe • Tyler King • Glorie Martinez • Norm Leahy, Senior Editor • Nathan Maxwell • Jimmy McAllister • Brandon McCauley • Ellie Mikus • Ellen Morrissey • Mackenzie Murphy • Kaley Platek • Samantha Post • Adam Powell • Annelise Reinwald • Ethan Rice • Spencer Richardson • Victoria Rose • Briana Ryan • Myj Saintyl • Maddy Salucka • Emma Soukup • Alexis Thacker • Mina Vogel • Samuel Wonacott • Trenton Woodcox