California's 23rd Congressional District election, 2022
All U.S. House districts, including the 23rd Congressional District of California, held elections in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. The primary was scheduled for June 7, 2022. The filing deadline was March 11, 2022.
For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for U.S. House California District 23
Incumbent Jay Obernolte defeated Derek Marshall in the general election for U.S. House California District 23 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Jay Obernolte (R) | 61.0 | 103,197 |
 | Derek Marshall (D)  | 39.0 | 65,908 | |
| Total votes: 169,105 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Nonpartisan primary election
Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 23
Incumbent Jay Obernolte and Derek Marshall defeated Blanca Azucena Gomez in the primary for U.S. House California District 23 on June 7, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Jay Obernolte (R) | 60.9 | 57,988 |
| ✔ | | Derek Marshall (D) | 21.8 | 20,776 |
 | Blanca Azucena Gomez (D) | 17.3 | 16,516 | |
| Total votes: 95,280 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Louis Gill (D)
- Bruno Amato (D)
Voting information
- See also: Voting in California
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
| Collapse all
Derek Marshall (D)
A Green New Deal To Empower Rural America
Freedom & Justice For All
Derek Marshall (D)
-Medicare For All -Jobs Guarantee -Racial Justice -Housing Justice -Ending Homelessness -Ending the War on Drugs -Taxing the Rich
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Derek Marshall (D)
Campaign finance
This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[1] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[2] Click here to view the reporting schedule for candidates for U.S. Congress in 2022.
| U.S. Congress campaign reporting schedule, 2022 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Report | Close of books | Filing deadline |
| Year-end 2021 | 12/31/2021 | 1/31/2022 |
| April quarterly | 3/31/2022 | 4/15/2022 |
| July quarterly | 6/30/2022 | 7/15/2022 |
| October quarterly | 9/30/2022 | 10/15/2022 |
| Pre-general | 10/19/2022 | 10/27/2022 |
| Post-general | 11/28/2022 | 12/08/2022 |
| Year-end 2022 | 12/31/2022 | 1/31/2023 |
| Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jay Obernolte | Republican Party | $1,060,461 | $759,890 | $367,653 | As of December 31, 2022 |
| Blanca Azucena Gomez | Democratic Party | $1,389 | $1,743 | $540 | As of December 31, 2022 |
| Derek Marshall | Democratic Party | $956,859 | $942,608 | $14,251 | As of December 31, 2022 |
|
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2022. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
|||||
General election race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[3]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[4][5][6]
| Race ratings: California's 23rd Congressional District election, 2022 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| November 8, 2022 | November 1, 2022 | October 25, 2022 | October 18, 2022 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. | |||||||||
Ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in California in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in California, click here.
| Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2022 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
| California | U.S. House | All candidates | 40-60 | $1,740.00 | 3/11/2022 | Source |
District analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.
- District map - A map of the district before and after redistricting.
- Effect of redistricting - How districts in the state changed as a result of redistricting following the 2020 census.
- Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2022 U.S. House elections in the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
- Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
- State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
District map
Below was the map in use at the time of the election, enacted as part of the 2020 redistricting cycle, compared to the map in place before the election.
California District 23
until January 2, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
California District 23
starting January 3, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Effect of redistricting
The table below details the results of the 2020 presidential election in each district at the time of the 2022 election and its political predecessor district.[7] This data was compiled by Daily Kos Elections.[8]
| 2020 presidential results by Congressional district, California | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | 2022 district | Political predecessor district | ||
Joe Biden 
|
Donald Trump 
|
Joe Biden
|
Donald Trump
| |
| California's 1st | 39.2% | 58.3% | 41.1% | 56.4% |
| California's 2nd | 73.5% | 24.0% | 73.6% | 23.9% |
| California's 3rd | 47.9% | 49.7% | 46.2% | 51.6% |
| California's 4th | 67.1% | 30.5% | 72.4% | 25.3% |
| California's 5th | 42.7% | 55.0% | 43.9% | 53.7% |
| California's 6th | 57.9% | 39.4% | 55.6% | 41.9% |
| California's 7th | 67.4% | 30.3% | 70.3% | 27.2% |
| California's 8th | 76.0% | 22.0% | 54.9% | 42.7% |
| California's 9th | 55.2% | 42.6% | 50.3% | 47.4% |
| California's 10th | 68.6% | 29.3% | 74.3% | 23.6% |
| California's 11th | 86.3% | 11.7% | 86.1% | 11.9% |
| California's 12th | 89.3% | 8.6% | 88.9% | 9.0% |
| California's 13th | 54.3% | 43.4% | 57.9% | 39.9% |
| California's 14th | 71.7% | 26.2% | 71.5% | 26.4% |
| California's 15th | 77.7% | 20.4% | 77.7% | 20.5% |
| California's 16th | 75.4% | 22.4% | 76.4% | 21.3% |
| California's 17th | 72.7% | 25.3% | 72.5% | 25.5% |
| California's 18th | 71.0% | 26.9% | 70.0% | 27.9% |
| California's 19th | 68.7% | 29.1% | 72.7% | 25.0% |
| California's 20th | 36.4% | 61.3% | 40.5% | 57.1% |
| California's 21st | 59.1% | 38.8% | 58.8% | 38.9% |
| California's 22nd | 55.3% | 42.3% | 54.4% | 43.5% |
| California's 23rd | 43.9% | 53.7% | 43.6% | 54.0% |
| California's 24th | 63.3% | 34.3% | 60.7% | 36.9% |
| California's 25th | 56.7% | 41.4% | 55.9% | 42.3% |
| California's 26th | 58.9% | 39.0% | 61.4% | 36.5% |
| California's 27th | 55.1% | 42.7% | 54.0% | 43.9% |
| California's 28th | 66.1% | 31.9% | 67.2% | 30.8% |
| California's 29th | 74.5% | 23.2% | 74.1% | 23.7% |
| California's 30th | 72.2% | 26.0% | 70.9% | 27.2% |
| California's 31st | 64.5% | 33.4% | 65.2% | 32.8% |
| California's 32nd | 69.5% | 28.7% | 68.7% | 29.4% |
| California's 33rd | 61.5% | 36.2% | 58.8% | 38.9% |
| California's 34th | 81.0% | 16.7% | 80.8% | 16.9% |
| California's 35th | 62.7% | 35.1% | 65.1% | 32.6% |
| California's 36th | 71.0% | 26.9% | 69.0% | 29.0% |
| California's 37th | 85.7% | 12.4% | 84.3% | 13.8% |
| California's 38th | 64.1% | 33.9% | 65.6% | 32.3% |
| California's 39th | 62.0% | 35.8% | 61.7% | 36.1% |
| California's 40th | 49.9% | 48.0% | 54.1% | 44.0% |
| California's 41st | 48.6% | 49.7% | 45.3% | 52.7% |
| California's 42nd | 71.7% | 25.9% | 77.1% | 20.6% |
| California's 43rd | 80.8% | 17.0% | 76.9% | 20.9% |
| California's 44th | 72.9% | 24.7% | 78.4% | 19.2% |
| California's 45th | 52.1% | 46.0% | 49.7% | 48.2% |
| California's 46th | 64.1% | 33.7% | 64.3% | 33.5% |
| California's 47th | 54.5% | 43.4% | 54.6% | 43.3% |
| California's 48th | 42.7% | 55.0% | 45.0% | 52.7% |
| California's 49th | 54.6% | 43.2% | 55.2% | 42.5% |
| California's 50th | 65.4% | 32.2% | 63.4% | 34.2% |
| California's 51st | 62.5% | 35.2% | 67.0% | 30.9% |
| California's 52nd | 67.4% | 30.5% | 66.9% | 30.9% |
Competitiveness
This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in California.
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in California in 2022. Information below was calculated on April 7, 2022, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
For the first time since at least 2014, every U.S. House district in California had scheduled a contested primary election following the 2022 candidate filing deadline. In California, which uses a top-two primary system, a primary is contested if more than two candidates file to run.
In 2022, 265 candidates filed to run for California's 52 congressional districts, including 112 Democrats, 126 Republicans, and 27 independent and third party candidates. That's 5.1 candidates per district, more than the 4.2 candidates per district in 2020 and the 3.9 in 2018. This figure increased partly due to a larger number of candidates but also because the number of congressional districts in California decreased by one following the 2020 census.
Forty-seven incumbents filed for re-election, all of whom were set to face primary challengers as of the candidate filing deadline, another first since at least 2014. Five districts were left open, meaning no incumbent filed to run there. Four incumbents did not seek re-election and one—Rep. Devin Nunes (R)—resigned early. Nunes' retirement triggered a special election for June 7. No candidates in the special election filed to run in the regularly-scheduled general election, meaning the winner of the special election would only serve in Congress until Jan. 3, 2023.
Nine candidates filed to run in the 30th District, more than any other. This includes three Democrats, including incumbent Rep. Adam Schiff (D), four Republicans, one American Independent Party candidate, and one Green Party candidate.
As of the filing deadline, no districts were guaranteed to either party because both Democrats and Republicans filed to run in all 52. However, under California's top-two primary system, two candidates from the same party can advance to the general election if they are the top two vote-getters in the primary.
Presidential elections
Partisan Voter Index
Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+8. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 8 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made California's 23rd the 169th most Republican district nationally.[9]
2020 presidential election results
The table below shows what the vote in the 2020 presidential election would have been in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.
| 2020 presidential results in California's 23rd based on 2022 district lines | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Biden
|
Donald Trump
| |||
| 43.9% | 53.7% | |||
Presidential voting history
California presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 15 Democratic wins
- 15 Republican wins
- 1 other win
| Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winning Party | R | R | R | P[10] | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Demographics
The table below details demographic data in California and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019.
| Demographic Data for California | ||
|---|---|---|
| California | United States | |
| Population | 37,253,956 | 308,745,538 |
| Land area (sq mi) | 155,857 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White | 59.7% | 72.5% |
| Black/African American | 5.8% | 12.7% |
| Asian | 14.5% | 5.5% |
| Native American | 0.8% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Other (single race) | 14% | 4.9% |
| Multiple | 4.9% | 3.3% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 39% | 18% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate | 83.3% | 88% |
| College graduation rate | 33.9% | 32.1% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income | $75,235 | $62,843 |
| Persons below poverty level | 13.4% | 13.4% |
| Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2010). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2014-2019). | ||
| **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
State party control
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of California's congressional delegation as of November 2022.
| Congressional Partisan Breakdown from California, November 2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
| Democratic | 2 | 42 | 44 |
| Republican | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 53 | 55 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in California's top four state executive offices as of November 2022.
| State executive officials in California, November 2022 | |
|---|---|
| Office | Officeholder |
| Governor | Gavin Newsom
|
| Lieutenant Governor | Eleni Kounalakis
|
| Secretary of State | Shirley Weber
|
| Attorney General | Rob Bonta
|
State legislature
The tables below highlight the partisan composition of the California State Legislature as of November 2022.
California State Senate
| Party | As of November 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 31 | |
| Republican Party | 9 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 40 | |
California State Assembly
| Party | As of November 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 60 | |
| Republican Party | 19 | |
| Independent | 1 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 80 | |
Trifecta control
As of November 2022, California was a Democratic trifecta, with majorities in both chambers of the state legislature and control of the governorship. The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state.
California Party Control: 1992-2022
Seventeen years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Assembly | D | D | D | S | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
District history
2020
See also: California's 23rd Congressional District election, 2020
General election
General election for U.S. House California District 23
Incumbent Kevin McCarthy defeated Kim Mangone in the general election for U.S. House California District 23 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Kevin McCarthy (R) | 62.1 | 190,222 |
 | Kim Mangone (D) | 37.9 | 115,896 | |
| Total votes: 306,118 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Nonpartisan primary election
Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 23
Incumbent Kevin McCarthy and Kim Mangone advanced from the primary for U.S. House California District 23 on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Kevin McCarthy (R) | 66.5 | 107,897 |
| ✔ | | Kim Mangone (D) | 33.5 | 54,375 |
| Total votes: 162,272 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House California District 23
Incumbent Kevin McCarthy defeated Tatiana Matta in the general election for U.S. House California District 23 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Kevin McCarthy (R) | 63.7 | 131,113 |
 | Tatiana Matta (D) | 36.3 | 74,661 | |
| Total votes: 205,774 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Nonpartisan primary election
Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 23
The following candidates ran in the primary for U.S. House California District 23 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Kevin McCarthy (R) | 68.8 | 81,633 |
| ✔ | | Tatiana Matta (D) | 12.6 | 14,935 |
 | Wendy Reed (D) | 10.1 | 11,974 | |
 | Mary Helen Barro (D) | 5.4 | 6,363 | |
| James Davis (Independent) | 1.7 | 2,076 | ||
 | Kurtis Wilson (D) | 1.4 | 1,691 | |
| Total votes: 118,672 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Joe Aleman (R)
- Robert Owen (D)
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Kevin McCarthy (R) defeated Wendy Reed (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. McCarthy and Reed defeated Ken Mettler (R) and Gerald Morris (R) in the top-two primary on June 7, 2016.[11][12]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |  Kevin McCarthy Incumbent |
69.2% | 167,116 | |
| Democratic | Wendy Reed | 30.8% | 74,468 | |
| Total Votes | 241,584 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |
Kevin McCarthy Incumbent |
55.5% | 76,166 | |
| Democratic | Wendy Reed |
27.4% | 37,696 | |
| Republican | Ken Mettler | 12.9% | 17,738 | |
| Republican | Gerald Morris | 4.2% | 5,734 | |
| Total Votes | 137,334 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State |
||||
2014
The 23rd Congressional District of California held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Kevin McCarthy (R) defeated Raul Garcia (D) in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Kevin McCarthy Incumbent |
74.8% | 100,317 | |
| Democratic | Raul Garcia | 25.2% | 33,726 | |
| Total Votes | 134,043 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |
Kevin McCarthy Incumbent |
99.1% | 58,334 | |
| Democratic | Raul Garcia (Write-in) |
0.5% | 313 | |
| Republican | Mike Biglay (Write-in) | 0.3% | 157 | |
| Independent | Ronald L. Porter (Write-in) | 0.1% | 36 | |
| Libertarian | Gail Lightfoot (Write-in) | 0.1% | 31 | |
| Total Votes | 58,871 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State |
||||
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Political predecessor districts are determined primarily based on incumbents and where each chose to seek re-election.
- ↑ Daily Kos Elections, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 presidential results by congressional district (old CDs vs. new CDs)," accessed May 12, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
- ↑ Progressive Party
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Certified List of Candidates for Voter-Nominated Offices June 7, 2016, Presidential Primary Election," accessed April 4, 2016
- ↑ The New York Times, "California Primary Results," June 7, 2016
