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California's 34th Congressional District special election, 2017
2018 →
← 2016
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June 6, 2017 |
April 4, 2017 |
Jimmy Gomez  |
Xavier Becerra |
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Cook Political Report: Safe D[2] Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe D[3] Rothenberg & Gonzales: Safe D[4] |
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The 34th Congressional District of California held a special election for the U.S. House of Representatives on June 6, 2017. Democrat Jimmy Gomez defeated Democrat Robert Lee Ahn in the general election.
The election replaced Xavier Becerra (D), who was appointed as California's attorney general.[5] Democrats Jimmy Gomez and Robert Lee Ahn were the top two vote-getters in a primary field of 23 candidates and advanced to the general election. Gomez and Ahn competed in the runoff election on June 6, 2017, when Gomez defeated Ahn by more than 20 percent, 60.1 percent to 30.9 percent.[6] The previous two elections in the district have also featured a general election contest between two Democrats.[7][8][9]
Ahn and Gomez participated in a candidate forum on May 25, 2017, where they discussed the Trump administration, infrastructure, job creation, healthcare, and local issues. During the forum, Ahn emphasized his legal and business background and knowledge of Korean relations, while Gomez highlighted his legislative experience in the California State Assembly and endorsements from progressive organizations like the Bernie Sanders-backed Our Revolution. For an overview of the forum and the candidates' responses, click here.
In the fundraising race, Ahn outpaced Gomez, raising $353,000 between April 1 and May 17. His campaign capital was boosted by an additional $195,000 personal loan. In the same time period, Gomez raised $327,000.[10]
| Candidate Filing Deadline | Primary Election | General Election |
|---|---|---|
California's 34th Congressional District is located in the southern portion of the state and includes part of Los Angeles County.[12]
Election results
General election
| U.S. House, California District 34, 2017 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic |  Jimmy Gomez |
59.2% | 25,569 | |
| Democratic | Robert Lee Ahn | 40.8% | 17,610 | |
| Total Votes | 43,179 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State | ||||
Primary election
| U.S. House, California District 34 Primary, 2017 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic |
Jimmy Gomez |
25.4% | 10,728 | |
| Democratic | Robert Lee Ahn |
22.3% | 9,415 | |
| Democratic | Maria Cabildo | 10.1% | 4,259 | |
| Democratic | Sara Hernandez | 5.6% | 2,358 | |
| Democratic | Arturo Carmona | 5.2% | 2,205 | |
| Democratic | Wendy Carrillo | 5.2% | 2,195 | |
| Green | Kenneth Mejia | 4.6% | 1,964 | |
| Republican | William Morrison | 3.2% | 1,360 | |
| Democratic | Yolie Flores | 3.2% | 1,368 | |
| Democratic | Alejandra Campoverdi | 2.4% | 1,001 | |
| Democratic | Tracy Van Houten | 2.5% | 1,042 | |
| Democratic | Vanessa Aramayo | 2% | 853 | |
| Democratic | Sandra Mendoza | 1.6% | 674 | |
| Democratic | Steven Mac | 1.6% | 663 | |
| Democratic | Raymond Meza | 1.2% | 509 | |
| Independent | Mark Edward Padilla | 1% | 427 | |
| Libertarian | Angela McArdle | 0.8% | 319 | |
| Democratic | Ricardo De La Fuente | 0.8% | 331 | |
| Democratic | Adrienne Nicole Edwards | 0.4% | 182 | |
| Democratic | Richard Joseph Sullivan | 0.4% | 155 | |
| Democratic | Armando Sotomayor | 0.3% | 118 | |
| Democratic | Tenaya Wallace | 0.2% | 103 | |
| Democratic | Melissa "Sharkie" Garza | 0.2% | 79 | |
| Total Votes | 42,308 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State |
||||
Runoff candidate overviews
Robert Lee Ahn (D)
| Robert Lee Ahn is an attorney, business owner, and former Los Angeles City planning commissioner.[13] Discussing his candidacy, Ahn, who is Korean American, said, "I think our government should reflect the diversity of the electorate. To not have a single voice or a seat at the table is really unfortunate, and has to change."[14] He identified the 1992 Los Angeles riots as the catalyst for his decision to serve marginalized communities.[14]
On his campaign website, Ahn listed expanding healthcare access, making college more affordable, reducing oil consumption, investing in clean energy, closing detention centers, supporting Israel and Korea, and providing for veterans as key priorities.[15] Discussing comprehensive immigration legislation, Ahn emphasized the importance of bipartisan compromise, saying, "I think it's important for Democrats to work with Republicans to ensure balance as the process moves along. For example, Democrats would not vote for any bill that included breaking apart families based on their immigration status. … The public wants reform that make sense for the country while at the same time is humane and protects the lives of law-abiding residents and communities."[16] Ahn changed his party affiliation from Republican to Democrat in 2012.[17] |
Jimmy Gomez (D)
| Jimmy Gomez represents District 51 in the California State Assembly. He was first elected to the chamber in 2012 and served as the majority whip from 2013 to 2014. He previously worked as the political director of the United Nurses Association of California.[18] Announcing his candidacy in December 2016, Gomez said, "Now more than ever, we need strong valued-based leadership in Washington that will protect our families, friends and neighbors from divisive rhetoric and policies. I’m ready to stand up and do just that."[19]
Gomez identified making public college education debt-free, working towards a single-payer system with universal coverage, raising the national minimum wage to $15, expanding Paid Family Leave policy, and opposing the rollback of Obama-era environmental regulations as some of his policy priorities.[20] When asked if he would work with Republicans in Congress on immigration legislation, Gomez said, "I would work on such an immigration package, so long as it specifically ended the possibility of using taxpayer funds to build a border wall and it required [Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or] DACA, to be permanent. We must continue to honor America’s commitment to keeping families together and not turn our backs on refugees and asylum seekers."[16] |
Race details
The 34th Congressional District
California's 34th Congressional District sits almost entirely within the city of Los Angeles, also encompassing segments of Glendale and Pasadena.[21] The United States Census Bureau provided the following data, which was collected as part of the 2015 American Community Survey. As of 2015, the district had an estimated 735,150 residents. The population was 64.2 percent Hispanic / Latino, 43.5 percent Mexican, 40.6 percent white, 19.6 percent Asian, 4.7 percent black / African-American, and 1.5 percent American Indian / Alaska native. Due to the fact that some survey participants identified with two or more classifications, these categories added up to more than 100 percent. 64.9 percent of the district's population over the age of 25 had the equivalent of a high school diploma, while 24.1 percent earned at least a Bachelor's degree.[22] Both measures were below the average for the United States as a whole, in which 86.7 percent of the population over the age of 25 had the equivalent of a high school diploma while 29.8 percent earned at least a Bachelor's degree.[23]
Policy
Candidate forum
On May 25, 2017, runoff election candidates Robert Lee Ahn (D) and Jimmy Gomez (D) participated in a candidate forum at Occidental College, where they discussed the Trump administration, infrastructure, job creation, healthcare, and other issues.[24][25]
President Donald Trump
Ahn: "This administration has gone out of control and we have to remain vigilant and keep pushing back. ... He has racist tendencies, for sure. I think we have to be very judicious in when we're calling out racism."
Gomez: "He's ended up introducing one policy or one executive order that has been considered not only xenophobic but also unconstitutional. ... I believe he has some tendencies that are racist. When he questioned Judge Curiel's ability to even judge him and he's a judge of Mexican descent, he was questioning what it means to be American...and I think that inherently is racist."
Infrastructure
Ahn: "As far as infrastructure, roads is at the top of the list. Public transportation and mass transit is another one of a high priority to us. The problem with mass transit in the LA City area is that there aren't enough routes to make it a viable alternative to driving our cars. So, this is one of the things I would prioritize."
Gomez: "I would look at infrastructure—some of the things I would look at is if we could put some money towards revitalizing and restoring the Los Angeles River. Connecting 51 miles all the way from Canoga Park to the East Side down to Long Beach. ... Using a network of transportation that is actually usable for people not only in cars but also people who ride their bikes and take public transportation."
Job creation
Ahn: "The backbone of the 34th District is small businesses. It's these small businesses that create the lion's share of the local jobs. ... I'm the only candidate that has actually run a small business, actually created jobs, and added to the local economy. ... And we need to explore ways to provide additional capital to local entrepreneurs to help them succeed and expand the local economy."
Gomez: "You have to align your efforts from the local, state, and federal. Here in California, we've actually passed tax credits—film and television tax credits is a good example—that you're targeting these tax credits to bring jobs backs from other states and overseas to right here for below-the-line workers. ... You need to have vocational training and that is something I would like to see a greater investment in at the national level and the state level, so people can have the skills to compete for the green technology jobs."
Education
Ahn: "Technology and innovation is the future so we have to at a very young age make sure that our young students have the tools that they can get ahead in life. ... The problem is education nowadays is too expensive and inaccessible for many. ... And that's why I'm for providing free public education for junior colleges throughout the country."
Gomez: "A kid born on the Westside has very different opportunities than a kid born on the Eastside. ... So we need to start at those earlier stages. That's why I passed Paid Family Leave because we've seen that is a child is able to bond with their mother and father, they'll have better health outcomes, better education outcomes. ... It's all connected. ... You've got to care about every single part of their life."
Gas tax and progressive values
Ahn: "Progressivism is more than just a label. It's a way of thinking, a way of living, and a way of conduct. ... Jimmy Gomez is sponsored and funded primarily by special interests and PAC money. ... Did you know July 1 your gas is going to go up 12 cents per gallon? Diesel gas is going to go up 20 cents per gallon thanks to Jimmy Gomez and his friends in Sacramento. There's nothing progressive about a gas tax."
Gomez: "If I was too establishment, I don't think Our Revolution, that was founded and the political arm of Bernie Sanders, would actually endorse me for this seat. If you want a litmus test, that's a litmus test for a progressive. That's a litmus test if you're actually able to take on the status quo. ... We know [Ahn] switches arguments depending on who he's talking. If he's talking to a Republican, he sounds like a Republican. If he's talking to a Democrat, he sounds like a Democrat."
Affordable Care Act
Ahn: "If Trump has his way, I'm out of luck. I have a major pre-existing condition. I won't be able to get insurance. States will be able to opt out. ... That's why no one will fight harder for healthcare. ... We have a numbers problem in Congress. We don't have the numbers. Until we are able to take back the House, we're going to have to talk to the other side ... We have to figure out where we can push and where we can pull."
Gomez: "I believe that you got to fight to protect the Affordable Care Act. You got to fight and take a hard line to make sure that there's no drawdown or rollbacks when it comes to Medicaid. ... [Ahn] wanted to replace any cuts in Medicaid with catastrophic care. But when you think of that, you don't understand Medicaid. Medicaid is to make sure you have preventative care."
Single payer healthcare
Ahn: "The immediate fight is protecting the ACA and making sure that the key provisions are safeguarded at all times. I think the ultimate goal is to get to a system like single payer where we have universal healthcare that is accessible and affordable for all people. I will caution, however, that we have to make sure we keep our costs under control. As long as we have special interests like private insurance companies and pharmaceutical companies that are funding the likes of my opponent, we are never going to get there."
Gomez: "I am [in favor of single payer healthcare], but we need to make sure that it's paid for. We need to make sure that we structure it correctly and we can afford it. ... I think we first need to protect the Affordable Care Act. Then we need to figure out how to achieve the single payer system so that no one is threatened with losing their healthcare again. ... If I was such a corporate Democrat, why would the California Nurses Association, one of the leading advocates for a single payer healthcare system, endorse me?"
Committee assignment preferences
Ahn: "If elected, I would be the only Korean American in Congress. ... Now more than ever, we need a Korean American voice in Congress that can act as a bridge between the United States and South Korea to make sure that we dismantle this weapons operation. ... My number one priority would be to be on the Foreign Affairs Committee."
Gomez: I would ask for the Subcommittee on Health and Human Services because healthcare is such an important issue for the 34th District. ... Natural Resources would be my number two choice and my last choice would be the Oversight Committee because that's where we can keep the Republicans feet to the fire."
Endorsements
Robert Lee Ahn
Local politicians
- David Ryu, Los Angeles City Councilman[26]
- Rick Tuttle, Retired Los Angeles City Controller[27]
- Mike Honda, Former U.S. Representative from California's 17th Congressional District[28]
- Warren Furutani, Retired Assemblymember[29]
- Richard Riordan, former mayor of Los Angeles[30]
Notable individuals
- Jason Collins, Former NBA player[31]
Jimmy Gomez
National politicians
- Kamala Harris, U.S. Senator from California and former Attorney General of California[32]
- Pete Aguilar, U.S. Representative from California's 31st Congressional District
- Xavier Becerra, Attorney General of California and former U.S. Representative from California's 34th Congressional District[33]
- Eric Garcetti, Mayor of Los Angeles
- Ruben Gallego, U.S. Representative from Arizona's 7th Congressional District[32]
- Raul Grijalva, U.S. Representative from Arizona's 3rd Congressional District
- Grace Napolitano, U.S. Representative from California's 32nd Congressional District[32]
- Juan Vargas, U.S. Representative from California's 51st Congressional District[32]
- Filemon Vela, U.S. Representative from Texas' 34th Congressional District[32]
- Hilda Solis, Former U.S. Secretary of Labor under President Barack Obama[32]
Local politicians
- Kevin de León, President pro tempore of the California State Senate[32]
- Anthony Rendon, Speaker of the California State Assembly[32]
- Gil Cedillo, Member of the Los Angeles City Council[32]
Notable organizations
- California Democratic Party (decided by a vote in which Gomez received 56 of 58 votes)[34]
- California Nurses Association / National Nurses United[35]
- Congressional Progressive Caucus[35]
- Our Revolution, 501(c)(4) that advocates for the policies of U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.)[35]
Campaign ads
Robert Lee Ahn
Support
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Jimmy Gomez
Support
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Spending
Spending from April 1 through May 17
A Los Angeles Times analysis of the fundraising figures reported by Ahn and Gomez between April 1 and May 17, 2017, found that more than three-quarters of all money raised in that time period came from zip codes outside of the district. Roughly one-fifth of Gomez's contributions came from Washington, D.C., while Ahn received more contributions from Koreatown in Los Angeles than anywhere else.[36]
Spending through March 31
Data provided by the Federal Election Commission showed fundraising and spending figures through March 31, 2017 for the two candidates on the ballot for the June 6 runoff election. Robert Lee Ahn's campaign contributions include a $295,000 loan from the candidate himself.
| April FEC Report - through March 31,2017 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Contributions | Expenditures | Cash on Hand | Debt |
| Robert Lee Ahn |
$824,246.92 | $769,615.21 | $115,163.42 | $709,581.32 |
| Jimmy Gomez |
$668,517.08 | $877,747.36 | $751,359.36 | $574,916.84 |
- ↑ Race ratings from outside sources are their initial ratings for the 2018 election.
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "2018 House Race Ratings for February 2, 2017," accessed March 20, 2017
- ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "Initial 2018 House Ratings," accessed March 20, 2017
- ↑ Rothenberg & Gonzales Political Report, "House Ratings," accessed March 20, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Gov. Brown taps California's Rep. Xavier Becerra to be state's first Latino attorney general," December 1, 2016
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "U.S. House of Representatives District 34 - Districtwide Results," accessed June 7,2017
- ↑ KPCC, "Governor calls June 6 election to replace Becerra in House," January 25, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Field of candidates running to succeed Xavier Becerra in Congress keeps growing," February 10, 2017
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "U.S. House of Representatives District 34 - Districtwide Results," April 5, 2017
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Morning Digest: Tennessee Republican Mae Beavers, sponsor of anti-porn bill, running for governor," May 31, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Low voter turnout could make this California congressional race an election for friends and insiders," March 25, 2017
- ↑ California Redistricting Map, "Map," accessed September 25, 2012
- ↑ Ahn for Congress, "About," accessed May 27, 2017
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 NBC News, "Los Angeles’ Robert Lee Ahn Wants to Be Congress’ ‘Korean-American Voice,'" May 2, 2017
- ↑ Ahn for Congress, "Issues," accessed May 27, 2017
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Los Angeles Times, "Here's what the candidates running for an L.A. congressional seat think about the top issues," April 6, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Korean Americans have his back, but Robert Lee Ahn will need more to become L.A.'s next congressman," April 6, 2017
- ↑ Gomez for Congress, "Biography," accessed May 28, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Assemblyman Jimmy Gomez joins race to succeed Rep. Xavier Becerra in Congress," December 5, 2016
- ↑ Gomez for Congress, "On the Issues," accessed May 28, 2017
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "California - Congressional District 34," accessed June 1, 2017
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Congressional District 34, California," accessed June 1, 2017
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "Quick Facts - United States," accessed June 1, 2017
- ↑ Southern California Public Radio, "In deep-blue 34th Congressional District, Democrats battle over who is more progressive," May 26, 2017
- ↑ Facebook, "Ahn for Congress," May 25, 2017
- ↑ Rafu Shimpo, "ATTORNEY AHN RUNNING FOR BECERRA’S HOUSE SEAT," March 28, 2017
- ↑ Facebook, "Robert Lee Ahn for Congress," accessed May 26, 2017
- ↑ Facebook, "Robert Lee Ahn for Congress," accessed May 26, 2017
- ↑ Rafu Shimpo, "ROBERT LEE AHN: ELECTION IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR API COMMUNITY," April 1, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Richard Riordan endorses Robert Lee Ahn against Jimmy Gomez in L.A. congressional race," May 31, 2017
- ↑ Twitter, "Jason Collins," accessed May 26, 2017
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.8 The Los Angeles Times, "Assemblyman Jimmy Gomez racks up endorsements from Latino elected officials in fight for Becerra's congressional seat," December 14, 2017
- ↑ The Los Angeles Times, "Xavier Becerra endorses Jimmy Gomez in race to fill Becerra's old congressional seat," March 3, 2017
- ↑ The Los Angeles Times, "Who's in and who's out to replace Xavier Becerra in Congress," January 17, 2017
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 The Los Angeles Times, "Progressives decried Jimmy Gomez's 'coronation' in L.A.'s congressional primary. Now they're lining up behind him," May 26, 2017
- ↑ The Los Angeles Times, "D.C., Sacramento and Beverly Hills: Here's where the big money in L.A.'s congressional election came from," June 1, 2017
Candidates
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General election candidates: Robert Lee Ahn Jimmy Gomez  |
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Primary candidates:[1] |
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Democratic Vanessa Aramayo - Public affairs consultant [3] Maria Cabildo - Activist[4] Alejandra Campoverdi - Former deputy director of Hispanic media for President Obama[5] Arturo Carmona - Former campaign aide for the Bernie Sanders presidential campaign[6] Wendy Carrillo - Activist[7] Ricardo De La Fuente - Businessman[8] Adrienne Nicole Edwards - Community organizer[2] Yolie Flores - Former LAUSD board member[9] Melissa "Sharkie" Garza - Filmmaker[2] Jimmy Gomez - Assemblyman[10] Sara Hernandez - Former downtown director for L.A. City Councilman Jose Huizar[11] Steven Mac - Los Angeles County prosecutor[5] Sandra Mendoza - Program manager at L.A. city clerk's office[2] Raymond Meza - SEIU organizer[5] Armando Sotomayor - Community volunteer[2] Richard Joseph Sullivan - Attorney[2] Tracy Van Houten - Aerospace engineer[2] Tenaya Wallace - Strategist[12] |
Republican |
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Third Party/Other  Kenneth Mejia - Accountant[13] Angela McArdle - Attorney[2] Mark Edward Padilla[2] |
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Withdrew: John Perez - Former Assembly Speaker[14] |
Primary campaign ads
Note: Ads for the general election participants, Democrats Jimmy Gomez and Robert Lee Ahn, are displayed in the "Campaign Ads" tab above.
Alejandra Campoverdi
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Sara Hernandez
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Special elections to the 115th U.S. Congress
In the 17 special elections called to fill vacancies in the 115th Congress in 2017 and 2018, nine Republicans and eight Democrats won. Four elections resulted in a partisan flip:
- Doug Jones (D), U.S. Senate in Alabama;
- Conor Lamb (D), Pennsylvania's 18th Congressional District;
- Mary Gay Scanlon (D), Pennsylvania's 7th Congressional District; and
- Susan Wild (D), Pennsylvania's 15th Congressional District.
District history
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Xavier Becerra (D) defeated Adrienne Nicole Edwards (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Both candidates advanced past the top-two primary on June 7, 2016, by default.[18][19]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Xavier Becerra Incumbent |
77.2% | 122,842 | |
| Democratic | Adrienne Nicole Edwards | 22.8% | 36,314 | |
| Total Votes | 159,156 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic |
Xavier Becerra Incumbent |
78.6% | 71,982 | |
| Democratic | Adrienne Nicole Edwards |
21.4% | 19,624 | |
| Total Votes | 91,606 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State |
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2014
The 34th Congressional District of California held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Xavier Becerra (D) defeated Adrienne Nicole Edwards (D) in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Xavier Becerra Incumbent |
72.5% | 44,697 | |
| Democratic | Adrienne Nicole Edwards | 27.5% | 16,924 | |
| Total Votes | 61,621 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State | ||||
See also
- Special elections to the 115th United States Congress (2017-2018)
- California's 34th Congressional District
- Xavier Becerra
Footnotes
- ↑ Candidates are listed by party and alphabetically within each party.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Los Angeles Times, "Field of candidates running to succeed Xavier Becerra in Congress keeps growing," February 10, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Former leader of antipoverty group joins race to replace Xavier Becerra in Congress," January 4, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Former L.A. planning commissioner becomes 12th to enter race to succeed Rep. Xavier Becerra," January 5, 2017
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Los Angeles Times, "Prosecutor is ninth candidate in L.A. congressional race to replace Becerra," December 21, 2016
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Essential Politics: Smoking ban proposed for public housing in California, Los Angeles congressional race jockeying continues," December 14, 2016
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Wendy Carrillo, whose mother brought her to the country from El Salvador illegally, enters race for Becerra seat," December 5, 2016
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Latest candidate in race to replace Becerra helped run his father's long-shot 2016 presidential campaign," January 27, 2017
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Former LAUSD board member enters the fray to replace Xavier Becerra," December 16, 2016
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Assemblyman Jimmy Gomez joins race to succeed Rep. Xavier Becerra in Congress," December 5, 2016
- ↑ My News LA.com, "Teacher, non-profit leader running for Becerra seat," December 13, 2016
- ↑ Tenaya for Congress, "Tenaya 4 Congress," accessed January 9, 2017
- ↑ Email submission to Ballotpedia
- ↑ The Sacramento Bee, " Becerra’s attorney general selection sets off scurry for House replacement," December 1, 2016
- ↑ Daily Kos, "2008, 2012, & 2016 Presidential Election Results by District," accessed July 11, 2018
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
- ↑ Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Certified List of Candidates for Voter-Nominated Offices June 7, 2016, Presidential Primary Election," accessed April 4, 2016
- ↑ The New York Times, "California Primary Results," June 7, 2016
