Everything you need to know about ranked-choice voting in one spot. Click to learn more!

Colorado gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2014

From Ballotpedia
Jump to: navigation, search


2018
2010

StateExecLogo.png

Colorado Gubernatorial and Lieutenant Gubernatorial Election

Primary Date:
June 24, 2014

General Election Date:
November 4, 2014

Race rating: Lean Democrat

November 4 Election Winners:
John Hickenlooper Democratic Party
Lt. Gov. Joseph Garcia Democratic Party
Incumbents prior to election:
John Hickenlooper Democratic Party
Lt. Gov. Joseph Garcia Democratic Party
John Hickenlooper
Joseph Garcia
Colorado State Executive Elections
Top Ballot
Governor/Lieutenant GovernorSecretary of StateAttorney General
Down Ballot
Treasurer

Battleground Races
Colorado State Senate

Current trifecta for Democrats
WhoRunsTheStates Badge.jpg
State executive offices in Colorado
Flag of Colorado.png

The Colorado gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 2014. Incumbents John Hickenlooper and Joseph Garcia, both Democrats first elected in 2010, were eligible for re-election and ran successfully together for a second time in 2014.

Hickenlooper and Garcia won new four-year terms as governor and lieutenant governor, respectively.

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election.

Colorado utilizes a semi-closed primary system. According to Section 1-7-201 of the Colorado Revised Statutes, "An eligible unaffiliated elector, including a preregistrant who is eligible under section 1-2-101 (2)(c), is entitled to vote in the primary election of a major political party without affiliating with that political party."[1][2]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

The race was rated "Lean D" by The Cook Political Report, giving Hickenlooper a slight advantage.[3] Meanwhile, Governing rated the general election race between Hickenlooper and Republican challenger Bob Beauprez as a "Toss-up."[4] Learn more about the dynamics of this gubernatorial race by checking out the polls, debates and race background sections.

The gubernatorial race was not the only race on the November ballot that could have shifted the partisan balance of power in Colorado. The Colorado State Senate had been identified by Ballotpedia as one of the top 20 legislative chambers to watch in 2014. Both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office were held by the Democratic Party as of November 2014, making Colorado a state government trifecta, or single party government. Going into the 2014 elections, the battleground races for the state Senate and governor's office could have changed Colorado's trifecta status. Learn more about the state's most competitive legislative races on the battleground chambers page.

Candidates

Running mates listed together in order of "Governor/Lieutenant Governor"[5]

General election

Democratic Party John Hickenlooper/Joseph Garcia - Incumbents Green check mark transparent.png
Republican Party Bob Beauprez/Jill Rapella[6]
Libertarian Party Matthew Hess/Brandon Young[7][8]
Green Party Harry Hempy/Scott Olson[9]
Independent Mike Dunafon/Robin Roberts[10]
Independent Paul Fiorino/Charles Whitley
Republican Party (Write-in) Marcus Giavanni/Joshua Yballa[11]

Lost in the primary

Republican Party Scott Gessler[12][13]
Republican Party Tom Tancredo[14]
Republican Party Mike Kopp/Vera Ortegon[15]

Results

General election

Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Colorado, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Hickenlooper/Joseph Garcia Incumbent 49.3% 1,006,433
     Republican Bob Beauprez/Jill Rapella 46% 938,195
     Libertarian Matthew Hess/Brandon Young 1.9% 39,590
     Green Harry Hempy/Scott Olson 1.3% 27,391
     Unaffiliated Mike Dunafon/Robin Roberts 1.2% 24,042
     Unaffiliated Paul Fiorino/Charles Whitley 0.3% 5,923
Total Votes 2,041,574
Election results via Colorado Secretary of State

Primary

Democratic primary

Incumbent John Hickenlooper was uncontested in the Democratic primary.

Republican primary

Governor of Colorado, Republican Primary, 2014
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngBob Beauprez 30.2% 116,333
Tom Tancredo 26.7% 102,830
Scott Gessler 23.2% 89,213
Mike Kopp 19.9% 76,373
Total Votes 384,749
Election results via Colorado Secretary of State.


Race background

Democratic nomination

Democratic incumbent Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper ran for re-election in 2014 alongside Lieutenant Governor Joseph Garcia (D). Hickenlooper and Garcia were first elected together in 2010. They were uncontested for re-nomination in the Democratic primary on June 24, 2014.

Republican nomination

On June 24, Colorado voters selected Bob Beauprez as the Republican nominee for governor. It was the only contested primary for a statewide office held that day. Beauprez represented Colorado's 7th Congressional District from 2003 to 2007 and he was the Republican nominee for governor in 2006.[16] He drew 30 percent of the primary vote, according to unofficial totals, defeating Tom Tancredo (27 percent), Colorado Secretary of State Scott Gessler (23 percent) and Mike Kopp (20 percent).[17] Gessler passed up a possible second term as secretary of state in 2014 in favor of an attempt to challenge Hickenlooper for the state's top office. Since Gessler was out of the governor's race, he was unable to make a bid for re-election as secretary of state.

According to the candidates' campaign finance reports due July 1, Hickenlooper raised nearly $3 million in preparation for the second phase of the 2014 campaign cycle and ended the reporting period with $579,268 of cash on hand. Beauprez ended the reporting period with $34,921 cash on hand. Beauprez' total fundraising for the cycle as of June 25 was $351,921.[18]

General election

Hickenlooper, Beauprez, Matthew Hess (Libertarian), Harry Hempy (Green) and various unaffiliated candidates competed in the general election on November 4, 2014.[19][20]

In September 2014, Governing rated the race between Hickenlooper and Beauprez as a "Toss-up" while The Cook Political Report gave Hickenlooper a slight advantage with a "Lean D" rating.[21][22]

Debates

October 6 debate

A debate hosted by the Denver Metro Chamber of Commerce evolved from an economics discussion into a debate over public safety issues between John Hickenlooper (D) and Bob Beauprez (R). Beauprez accused Hickenlooper of what he considered lax oversight of state prisons, citing recent instances where inmates convicted of violent crimes were released without public notice. Hickenlooper argued that once someone who committed a crime has served a sentence, there is no legal rationale for keeping the person incarcerated. He also argued that the state legislature failed to pass a new law in 2013 that would have created an intermediary step between prison and freedom for inmates with psychological issues or histories of violent behavior.[23]

Hickenlooper and Beauprez also shared their views on topics including marijuana legalization and immigration policy during the debate. Hickenlooper argued that other states should take notice of the difficulties Colorado faces in the early days of marijuana legalization and said that Colorado residents who supported legalization lacked the information to make an informed vote.[23]

Beauprez also addressed immigration policy, having previously argued that people in the country illegally should be sent back to their home countries before returning through official channels. Beauprez suggested during the debate that this process would not be necessary as part of immigration reform.[23]

Polls

General election

Colorado Governor General Election-Hickenlooper, Beauprez, Hess and Hempy
Poll John Hickenlooper* (D) Bob Beauprez (R)Matthew Hess (L)Harry Hempy (G)OtherUndecidedMargin of errorSample size
SurveyUSA
October 29, 2014
46%46%2%1%1%4%+/-4618
Quinnipiac University
October 22-27, 2014
40%45%4%2%0%9%+/-3.4844
NBC News/Marist
October 24, 2014
46%41%4%2%1%6%+/-3.6755
Quinnipiac University
October 15-21, 2014
45%44%1%2%1%7%+/-3.1974
Public Policy Polling
October 16-19, 2014
45%44%1%2%1%7%+/-3.5778
Quinnipiac University
October 8-13, 2014
42%46%5%1%0%6%+/-3.1988
Quinnipiac University
September 10-15, 2014
40%50%3%3%1%3%+/-2.81,211
AVERAGES 43.43% 45.14% 2.86% 1.86% 0.71% 6% +/-3.36 881.14
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

Hickenlooper, Beauprez and Hess

Colorado Governor General Election-Hickenlooper, Beauprez and Hess
Poll John Hickenlooper* (D) Bob Beauprez (R)Matthew Hess (L)UndecidedMargin of errorSample size
Gravis Marketing
October 16, 2014
44%48%6%3%+/-4695
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

Hickenlooper vs. Beauprez

Colorado Governor General Election - Hickenlooper vs. Beauprez
Poll John Hickenlooper* (D) Bob Beauprez (R)UndecidedMargin of errorSample size
Monmouth University
October 17-20, 2014
50%43%7%+/-4.7431
CNN/ORC
October 9-13, 2014
49%48%3%+/-4665
High Point University
October 4-8, 2014
44%46%10%+/-3.5876
Rasmussen
September 3-4, 2014
44%45%8%+/-3.5800
NBC/Marist
September 1-2, 2014
43%39%9%+/-3.1795
CBS/NYT/YouGov
July 5-24, 2014
48%48%1%+/-3.01,990
Public Policy Polling (D)
July 17-20, 2014
44%43%12%+/-3.8653
Quinnipiac University
July 10-14, 2014
43%44%10%+/-2.91,147
Gravis Marketing
July 8-19, 214
49%43%8%+/-3.01,106
NBC/Marist
July 7-10, 2014
49%43%7%+/-3.1914
Rasmussen
June 25-26, 2014
44%44%8%+/-4.0750
Quinnipiac University
April 15-21, 2014
48%39%10%+/-2.71,298
Public Policy Polling (D-National Coalition for Safer Roads)
April 17-20, 2014
48%41%11%+/--618
Magellan (R-Liberty Foundation of America)
April 14-15, 2014
50%35%5%+/-3.7717
Public Policy Polling
March 13-16, 2014
48%38%14%+/-4.1568
AVERAGES 46.73% 42.6% 8.2% +/-2.91 888.53
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
Hypothetical match-ups
Hickenlooper vs. Tancredo

Hickenlooper vs. Tancredo
Poll John Hickenlooper* (D) Tom Tancredo (R)Someone elseUndecidedMargin of errorSample size
Public Policy Polling
(December 3-4, 2013)
48%40%0%12%+/-3.2928
Quinnipiac University
(Aug. 15-21, 2013)
46%45%1%9%+/-2.91,184
AVERAGES 47% 42.5% 0.5% 10.5% +/-3.05 1,056
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
Hickenlooper vs. Gessler

Hickenlooper vs. Gessler
Poll John Hickenlooper* (D) Scott Gessler (R)Someone elseUndecidedMargin of errorSample size
Public Policy Polling
(December 3-4, 2013)
47%40%0%12%+/-3.2928
Quinnipiac University
(Aug. 15-21, 2013)
47%42%1%10%+/-2.91,184
AVERAGES 47% 41% 0.5% 11% +/-3.05 1,056
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
Hickenlooper vs. Brophy

Hickenlooper vs. Brophy
Poll John Hickenlooper* (D) Greg Brophy (R)Someone elseUndecidedMargin of errorSample size
Public Policy Polling
(December 3-4, 2013)
44%43%0%12%+/-3.2928
Quinnipiac University
(Aug. 15-21, 2013)
47%40%1%12%+/-2.91,184
AVERAGES 45.5% 41.5% 0.5% 12% +/-3.05 1,056
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)
Hickenlooper vs. Kopp

Hickenlooper vs. Kopp
Poll John Hickenlooper* (D) Mike Kopp (R)Someone elseUndecidedMargin of errorSample size
Public Policy Polling
(December 3-4, 2013)
45%37%0%17%+/-3.2928
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

**Incumbency is denoted by asterisk (*)


Campaign media

Bob Beauprez

Bob Beauprez ad: Neighborhood

John Hickenlooper

John Hickenlooper ad: Leading

Outside organizations

Democratic Governors Association

DGA ad: Our Side
DGA ad: Secession

Making Colorado Great

Making Colorado Great ad: The Race

Republican Governors Association

The Republican Governors Association (RGA) spent $2 million on the ad used, which detailed Hickenlooper's amnesty of death row inmate Nathan Dunlap. Dunlap murdered the daughter of Dennis O'Connor and three other people in 1993. The "Dennis" ad used footage of O'Connor criticizing Hickenlooper. Hickenlooper's campaign asked local TV stations to refrain from airing the ad in late October and several of O'Connor's family members criticized the RGA for "revictimizing" the family. Gillian McNally, the cousin of Colleen O'Connor, also noted that Hickenlooper did not release Dunlap from prison, as implied by the use of the term "full amnesty" quoted from a Denver Post article in the ad.[24]

RGA ad: Actions
RGA ad: Dennis

Ad spending

The Wesleyan Media Project published a report on September 30, 2014, highlighting spending on gubernatorial races from September 12-25. This report found that Democratic and Republican groups spent a total of $46.84 million on TV ads in 15 states with gubernatorial elections. The following chart details the group's findings, including spending amounts and number of ads:[25]

Note: A bolded number indicates the highest total for this category. A number in italics is the lowest total for this category.

Spending on TV ads, September 12-25, 2014
State Total # of ads % Democratic-leaning ads % GOP-leaning ads Total spending-Democratic leaning (in millions of $) Total spending-GOP leaning (in millions of $)
Colorado 2,460 83.1 16.9 1.35 0.39
Connecticut 2,312 61.7 38.3 1.48 0.89
Florida 20,111 38.5 61.5 4.07 6.64
Georgia 4,625 51.1 48.9 1.43 0.99
Illinois 7,793 63.5 36.5 4.17 3.5
Iowa 2,134 47.5 52.5 0.25 0.38
Kansas 5,024 45.7 54.3 0.85 1.17
Maine 3,281 42.3 57.7 0.46 0.32
Michigan 6,767 33.9 66.1 1.14 2.3
Minnesota 1,974 83.9 16.1 0.65 0.29
New York 4,926 61 39 2.18 0.88
Pennsylvania 3,263 50.9 49.1 1.58 1.23
South Carolina 2,883 39.1 60.9 0.33 0.38
Texas 10,330 33.4 66.6 2.24 2.93
Wisconsin 7,374 63.3 36.7 1.36 1.01
TOTALS 85,257 48.2 51.8 23.54 23.3

Gubernatorial electoral history

Energy Policy
Energy Policy Logo on Ballotpedia.png
Policy and elections
Energy was a major issue in the 2014 elections in Colorado. Find out more about Energy policy in Colorado.

2010

See also: Colorado gubernatorial election, 2010

On November 2, 2010, John Hickenlooper won election to the office of Governor of Colorado. He defeated Tom Tancredo (ACP), Dan Maes (R), Jaimes Brown (L), Jason Clark (I) and Paul Fiorino (I) in the general election.

Governor of Colorado, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Hickenlooper 51% 912,005
     American Constitution Party Tom Tancredo 36.5% 651,232
     Republican Dan Maes 11.1% 199,034
     Libertarian Jaimes Brown 0.7% 12,314
     Independent Jason Ray Clark 0.5% 8,576
     Independent Paul Fiorino 0.2% 3,483
Total Votes 1,786,644
Election results via The New York Times.


2006

On November 7, 2006, Bill Ritter won election to the office of Governor of Colorado. He defeated Bob Beauprez (R), Dawn Winkler (L), Paul Fiorino (I), Clyde Harkins (C) and Charles "Chuck" Sylvester (Write-in) in the general election.

Governor of Colorado, 2006
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngBill Ritter 57% 888,095
     Republican Bob Beauprez 40.2% 625,886
     Libertarian Dawn Winkler 1.5% 23,323
     Independent Paul Fiorino 0.7% 10,996
     Constitution Clyde Harkins 0.6% 9,716
     Write-in Charles "Chuck" Sylvester 0% 389
Total Votes 1,558,405
Election results via Connecticut Secretary of State.


2002

On November 5, 2002, Bill Owens won re-election to the office of Governor of Colorado. He defeated Rollie Heath (D), Ronald Forthofer (G) and Ralph Shnelvar (L) in the general election.

Governor of Colorado, 2002
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngBill Owens Incumbent 62.6% 884,583
     Democratic Rollie Heath 33.7% 475,373
     Green Ronald Forthofer 2.3% 32,099
     Libertarian Ralph Shnelvar 1.5% 20,547
Total Votes 1,412,602
Election results via Connecticut Secretary of State.


1998

On November 3, 1998, Bill Owens won election to the office of Governor of Colorado. He defeated Gail Schoettler (D), Sandra D. Johnson (L) and Tim Leonard (C) in the general election.

Governor of Colorado, 1998
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngBill Owens 49.1% 648,202
     Democratic Gail Schoettler 48.4% 639,905
     Libertarian Sandra D. Johnson 1.7% 22,202
     Constitution Tim Leonard 0.8% 10,998
Total Votes 1,321,307
Election results via Connecticut Secretary of State.

Voter turnout

Political scientist Michael McDonald's United States Elections Project studied voter turnout in the 2014 election by looking at the percentage of eligible voters who headed to the polls. McDonald used voting-eligible population (VEP), or the number of eligible voters independent of their current registration status, to calculate turnout rates in each state on November 4. He also incorporated ballots cast for the highest office in each state into his calculation. He estimated that 81,687,059 ballots were cast in the 50 states plus the District of Columbia, representing 35.9 percent of the VEP.[26] By comparison, 61.6 percent of VEP voted in the 2008 presidential election and 58.2 percent of VEP voted in the 2012 presidential election.[27]

Quick facts

  • According to PBS Newshour, voter turnout in the 2014 midterms was the lowest since the 1942 midterms, which took place during the nation's involvement in World War II.[28]
  • Forty-three states and the District of Columbia did not surpass 50 percent turnout in McDonald's analysis.
  • The three states with the lowest turnout according to McDonald's analysis were Texas (28.3 percent), Tennessee (28.6 percent), and Indiana (28.8 percent).
  • Maine (58.5 percent), Wisconsin (56.5 percent), and Colorado (54.5 percent) were the three states with the highest turnout.
  • Twelve states increased voter turnout in 2014 compared to the 2010 midterm elections.[29]

Note: Information from the United States Elections Project was last updated on December 16, 2014.

Campaign finance

Comprehensive donor information for this election has been collected by Follow the Money. Based on available campaign finance records, the candidates raised a total of $10,758,514 during the election. This information was last updated on April 7, 2015.[30]

Campaign Contribution Totals
Candidate Office Result Contributions
John Hickenlooper/Joe GarciaDemocratic Party Colorado Governor/Lieutenant Governor Won $5,625,853
Bob Beauprez/Jill RapellaRepublican Party Colorado Governor/Lieutenant Governor Defeated $2,901,289
Tom TancredoRepublican Party Colorado Governor Defeated $838,022
Scott GesslerRepublican Party Colorado Governor Defeated $573,138
Mike KoppRepublican Party Colorado Governor Defeated $297,506
Steve HouseRepublican Party Colorado Governor Defeated $267,057
Greg BrophyRepublican Party Colorado Governor Defeated $197,224
Mike Dunafon/Robin RobertsGrey.png Colorado Governor/Lieutenant Governor Defeated $53,470
Harry Hempy/Scott OlsonGreen Party Colorado Governor/Lieutenant Governor Defeated $2,082
Matthew Hess/Brandon YoungLibertarian Party Colorado Governor/Lieutenant Governor Defeated $2,070
Roni Bell SylvesterRepublican Party Colorado Governor Defeated $710
Marcus Giavanni/Joshua YballaGrey.png Colorado Governor/Lieutenant Governor Defeated $93
Paul Noel Fiorino/Charles George WhitleyGrey.png Colorado Governor/Lieutenant Governor Defeated $0
Grand Total Raised $10,758,514

Key deadlines

Deadline Event
March 31, 2014 Filing deadline (Primary, all parties)
June 24, 2014 Primary election
July 10, 2014 Filing deadline (General, Independents)
July 17, 2014 Filing deadline (General, Write-ins)
November 4, 2014 General election
November 21, 2014 Last day to complete the canvass for the general election
January 13, 2015 Inauguration day for state executive officials in general election

Recent news

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Colorado Governor Election 2014. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. LexisNexis, "Colorado Revised Statutes § 1-7-201," accessed August 6, 2025
  2. Colorado Secretary of State, "Primary Elections FAQs," accessed August 6, 2025
  3. The Cook Political Report, "Governors Race Ratings 2014," September 15, 2014
  4. Governing, "2014 Governors Races," September 10, 2014
  5. Colorado Secretary of State, "2014 General Election Official Candidate List ," accessed September 18, 2014
  6. Denver Business Journal, "9News: Bob Beauprez enters Colorado governor's race," March 3, 2014
  7. Brandon Young for Colorado Facebook Page, "Timeline," accessed April 7, 2014
  8. Matthew Hess for Colorado Governor 2014 Official Campaign Website, "Homepage," accessed September 3, 2013
  9. Harry Hempy for Governor 2014 Official campaign website, "Homepage," accessed February 2, 2014
  10. Mike Dunafon for Governor 2014 Official campaign website, "Homepage," accessed April 23, 2014
  11. Marcus Giavanni for Governor 2014 Official campaign website, "Homepage," accessed September 3, 2014
  12. 9news.com, "Amid flood disaster, Scott Gessler announces bid for governor," September 17, 2013
  13. The Denver Post, "Scott Gessler evaluating run for Colorado governor in 2014," May 16, 2013
  14. The Denver Post, "Former Rep. Tancredo running for Colorado governor," May 23, 2013
  15. The Denver Post, "Republican Mike Kopp to file for governor's race today," October 1, 2013
  16. Bob Beauprez for Governor 2014 Official campaign website, "Homepage," accessed June 25, 2014
  17. Associated Press, "Colorado - Summary Vote Results," last updated June 25, 2014
  18. The Denver Post, "Hickenlooper fundraising passes $3 million mark," July 1, 2014
  19. Reuters, "Former congressman Beauprez to challenge Colorado governor," June 24, 2014
  20. Colorado Secretary of State, "2014 Primary Election Official Candidate List," accessed June 23, 2014
  21. Governing, "2014 Governors Races," September 10, 2014
  22. The Cook Political Report, "Governors Race Ratings 2014," September 15, 2014
  23. 23.0 23.1 23.2 The Denver Post, "Pot, immigration trip up governor, Senate candidates in Denver debates," October 6, 2014
  24. KDVR, "RGA’s tough but inaccurate Dunlap ad may be pulled off the air," October 27, 2014
  25. Wesleyan Media Project, "GOP Groups Keeping Senate Contests Close," September 30, 2014
  26. United States Elections Project, "2014 November General Election Turnout Rates," November 7, 2014
  27. TIME, "Voter Turnout in Midterm Elections Hits 72-Year Low," November 10, 2014
  28. PBS, "2014 midterm election turnout lowest in 70 years," November 10, 2014
  29. U.S. News & World Report, "Midterm Turnout Down in 2014," November 5, 2014
  30. Follow the Money, "Overview of 2014 Elections," accessed April 7, 2015