Colorado State Senate elections, 2024
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| 2024 Colorado Senate Elections | |
|---|---|
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| Primary | June 25, 2024 |
| General | November 5, 2024 |
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Elections for the Colorado State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was on November 5, 2024. The primary was June 25, 2024. The filing deadline was March 19, 2024.
Eighteen of 35 seats of the Colorado state Senate were up for election on November 5, 2024. Heading into the elections, there were 23 Democrats and 12 Republicans. No incumbents lost in primaries.
Following the election, Democrats maintained a 23-12 majority, and the state remained a Democratic trifecta.
Democrats won a 23-12 majority in the Senate and a veto-proof 46-19 majority in the state House after the 2022 elections. Colorado requires a two-thirds vote to put a constitutional amendment on the ballot or override a gubernatorial veto. That amounts to a minimum of 24 votes in the Senate and 44 votes in the House, assuming no vacancies.
Democrats needed to win one Senate seat and lose no more than two House seats to be able to put a legislative referral on the ballot without Republican votes or to override a gubernatorial veto. Republicans needed to maintain their seats in the Senate and win at least three more House seats to prevent a Democratic supermajority.
The Colorado Sun's Jesse Paul wrote that with a supermajority, Democrats could "refer constitutional amendments to the ballot without Republican support and ask voters to make lasting changes to the tax system and around social issues."[1] Paul wrote that a supermajority would also give Democrats the ability to override Gov. Jared Polis' (D) vetoes: "Polis this year nixed a number of labor-backed measures, and the threat of a gubernatorial veto has previously kept other liberal proposals, like rent stabilization and progressive tax policies, from advancing in the legislature."[1]
In an interview with The Colorado Sun's Brian Eason, Senate Minority Leader Paul Lundeen (R) said that Republicans are trying to maintain their seats to preserve balance: "The further and further you get away from balance, the less meaningful those conversations are."[2] Lundeen also told Colorado Politics' Marianne Goodland that he believes that "people are struggling with kitchen table issues and are opposed to how the economy has been handled."[3]
CNalysis, an outlet that rates state legislative races, rated two races as Tilt R, one race as Likely D, and one race as Very Likely R.[4] Click here to see the race ratings for each race.
The primary was June 25, 2024. The filing deadline was March 19, 2024. The Colorado Senate was one of 85 state legislative chambers with elections in 2024. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
Party control
| Colorado State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 5, 2024 | After November 6, 2024 | |
| Democratic Party | 23 | 23 | |
| Republican Party | 12 | 12 | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | |
Candidates
General election
Colorado State Senate general election 2024 |
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| Office |  Democratic |
 Republican |
Other |
| District 2 |
Caryn Ann Harlos (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 5 |
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| District 6 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 10 |
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John Hjershman (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 12 |
John Angle (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 13 |
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| District 14 |
Jeff Brosius (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 16 |
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Bennett Rutledge (Libertarian Party) (Write-in) |
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| District 17 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 18 |
Gary Swing (Unity Party) |
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| District 19 |
Ryan Van Gundy (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 21 |
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| District 23 |
Joseph Bobko (Write-in) |
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| District 26 |
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Meredith Ryan (Unity Party) Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 28 |
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| District 29 |
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Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 31 |
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David Aitken (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 33 |
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= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection
Primary
Colorado State Senate primary 2024 |
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| Office | Democratic |
Republican |
Other |
| District 2 |
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| District 5 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 6 |
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| District 10 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 12 |
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| District 13 |
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| District 14 |
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| District 16 |
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| District 17 |
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| District 18 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 19 |
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| District 21 |
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| District 23 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 26 |
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| District 28 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 29 |
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Robert Tate (disqualified appeared on ballot) |
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| District 31 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 33 |
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Voting information
- See also: Voting in Colorado
General election race ratings
The table below displays race ratings for each race in this chamber from CNalysis.
Campaign finance
- See also: Campaign finance
The section and tables below contain data from financial reports submitted to state agencies. Districts and elections are grouped in sections of 10. To view data for a district, click on the appropriate bar below to expand it. The data is gathered and made available by Transparency USA.
Incumbents who were not re-elected
Incumbents defeated in general elections
No incumbents lost in general elections. This was less than the average of 1.3 incumbent defeats per cycle from 2010 to 2022.
Incumbents defeated in primaries
No incumbents lost in primaries. This was the same as in all years except 2012, when one incumbent lost. Ballotpedia began gathering data on incumbents defeated in 2010.
Retiring incumbents
Eight incumbents did not file for re-election in 2024.[5] The average number of retirements per cycle from 2010 to 2022 was 7.6. Those incumbents were:
Primary election competitiveness
This section contains data on state legislative primary election competitiveness in Colorado. These totals include data from all regularly-scheduled House and Senate elections. For more information about Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of state legislative elections, please click here.
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all state legislative districts up for election in Colorado in 2024. Information below was calculated on May 8, 2024, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
There were 83 legislative seats up for election this year in Colorado's legislature—18 in the Senate and 65 in the House. There were 25 total contested primaries in 2024 (11 Democratic and 14 Republican) out of a possible 166. This rate of 15.1% was the highest since Ballotpedia began tracking this figure in 2010.
The 26 Colorado legislators not running for re-election in 2024 aligned with the average for elections from 2010-2022 (25.6). The retirements in 2024 were the third-most this decade behind 2022 (33) and 2018 (27).
Colorado legislators are limited to serving eight years in the Senate and eight years in the House. Four members of the House were term-limited in 2024.
Open seats
The table below shows the number and percentage of open seats in the Colorado State Senate from 2010 to 2024.[6]
| Open Seats in Colorado State Senate elections: 2010 - 2024 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Total seats | Open seats | Seats with incumbents running for re-election |
| 2024 | 18 | 8 (44%) | 10 (56%) |
| 2022 | 17 | 8 (47%) | 9 (53%) |
| 2020 | 18 | 7 (39%) | 11 (61%) |
| 2018 | 17 | 8 (47%) | 9 (53%) |
| 2016 | 18 | 9 (50%) | 9 (50%) |
| 2014 | 18 | 6 (33%) | 12 (67%) |
| 2012 | 20 | 9 (45%) | 11 (55%) |
| 2010 | 19 | 6 (32%) | 13 (68%) |
Legislative referrals
- See also: Legislative referral
A legislative referral, or legislatively referred ballot measure, is a ballot measure that appears on the ballot due to a vote of the state legislature. A legislative referral can be a constitutional amendment, state statute, or bond issue.
As of the 2024 election, a two-thirds vote was required during one legislative session for the Colorado General Assembly to put a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounted to a minimum of 44 votes in the Colorado House of Representatives and 24 votes in the Colorado State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments did not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
At the time of the 2024 election, Democrats held a 23-12 majority in the Senate and a 46-19 majority in the House. Democrats needed to win one Senate seat and lose no more than two House seats to put a legislative referral on the ballot without Republican votes. Republicans needed to win 12 Senate seats and 25 House seats to have the same ability.
Process to become a candidate
See statutes: Title 1, Article 4 of the Colorado Revised Statutes
There are different types of candidates in Colorado: major party candidates, minor party candidates, Qualified Political Organization (QPO) candidates, unaffiliated candidates, and write-in candidates. Ballot access methods differ according to the type of candidate.
Requirements for all candidates
There are a number of requirements that all candidates must follow. These include the following:
- A candidate for a state office must publicly announce his or her intention to run for office by means of a speech, advertisement, or other communication reported or appearing in public media or in any place accessible to the public. This includes a stated intention to explore the possibility of seeking office.[7]
- Each candidate for a state office must submit an audio recording of the correct pronunciation of his or her name.[8] Unaffiliated candidates must submit their audio recordings to the Secretary of State's office within 117 days of a general election.[9]
The qualification of any candidate may be challenged by any eligible elector within five days of the candidate qualifying for the ballot.[10]
Major party candidates
In order to run as a major party candidate, one must have been affiliated with his or her party by the first business day in January of the year of the election, unless party rules say otherwise. The candidate must be nominated in the primary election to move on to the general election as the nominee of the party. There are two methods by which a major party can place candidates on the primary election ballot: nomination by an assembly and nomination by petition.[11][12][13]
Nomination by an assembly
Major parties may hold party assemblies to nominate candidates. At these assemblies, delegates vote on possible candidates and may place up to two candidates per office on the primary ballot. Delegates to party assemblies are chosen at yearly precinct caucuses. The process by which assemblies are held is determined by the individual parties.[14][15]
A major party must hold a nominating assembly no later than 73 days before the primary election. A candidate must receive 30 percent of votes cast by assembly delegates for that office. If no candidate receives 30 percent, a second vote must be taken. If no candidate receives 30 percent at the second vote, the top two vote-getters will be nominated. Within four days of the assembly, a successful candidate must file a written acceptance of candidacy with the presiding officer of the assembly. The presiding officer of the assembly must file a certificate of designation by an assembly, along with the written acceptance of candidacy, with the Colorado Secretary of State. This certificate must state the name of the political party, the name and address of each candidate, and the offices being sought. It must also certify that the candidates have been members of the political party for the required period of time.[12][16][11]
Nomination by petition
A candidate who attempted to be nominated by assembly and failed to receive at least 10 percent of the delegates' votes may not be nominated by petition for that same party.[17]
The nominating petition must be signed by eligible electors who reside in the district the candidate seeks to represent. Candidates who collect the required number of signatures are placed on the primary election ballot. The signature requirements are as follows:[17]
| Petition signature requirements for political party candidates | |
|---|---|
| Office sought | Number of signatures required |
| Member of the United States Senate or state executive official | 1,500 from each congressional district |
| Member of the Colorado State Legislature or United States House of Representatives | 1,000, or 30 percent of the votes cast in the district in the most recent primary election for the same party and the same office, whichever is less. If there was no primary election, general election numbers should be used. |
Minor party candidates
In order to run as a minor party candidate, one must have been affiliated with his or her party by the first business day in January of the year of the election, unless party rules say otherwise. Minor parties nominate their candidates for placement on the general election ballot. If there is more than one candidate nominated for a given office, those candidates are placed on the primary ballot.[18][19]
There are two methods by which minor parties can nominate candidates to be placed on the ballot.
Nomination by assembly
The minor party must hold an assembly no later than 73 days before the primary election. A successful candidate must receive at least 30 percent of the delegates' votes for that office at the assembly.[19]
Nomination by petition
A minor party candidate may be nominated by petition. The petition must be signed by eligible electors in the same district the candidate seeks to represent. The signature requirements are listed in the table below.[18]
| Petition signature requirements for minor party candidates | |
|---|---|
| Office sought | Number of signatures required |
| Member of the United States Senate or state executive official | 1,000 |
| Member of the United States House of Representatives | 1,500, or 2.5 percent of the total votes cast for that office in that congressional district in the last general election, whichever is less |
| Member of the Colorado State Senate | 1,000, or 3.33 percent of the total votes cast for that office in that senate district in the last general election, whichever is less |
| Member of the Colorado House of Representatives | 1,000, or 5 percent of the total votes cast for that office in that house district in the last general election, whichever is less |
Qualified Political Organization (QPO) candidates
In order to run as a Qualified Political Organization (QPO) candidate, one must have been affiliated with the QPO for one year. Alternatively, if the organization has not been qualified for one year, the candidate must have been registered as unaffiliated for one year. QPO candidates must petition to be placed on the general election ballot. Each petition must include an affidavit signed under oath by the chairperson and secretary of the QPO and approved by the Colorado Secretary of State. Signature requirements are the same as those for minor party candidates, which are listed above.[18][20][21]
Unaffiliated candidates
In order to run as an unaffiliated candidate, one must be registered as unaffiliated by the first business day in January of the year of the election. An unaffiliated candidate must petition to be placed on the general election ballot. Signature requirements are the same as those for minor party candidates, which are listed above.[18]
Write-in candidates
Write-in candidates are permitted in both the primary and general elections. A write-in candidate must file an affidavit of intent with the Colorado Secretary of State no later than the close of business on the 67th day before a primary election and the 110th day before a general election. No write-in vote will be counted unless the candidate filed an affidavit of intent.[22][23][24]
Qualifications
Article 5, Section 4 of the Colorado Constitution states: No person shall be a representative or senator who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, who shall not be a citizen of the United States, who shall not for at least twelve months next preceding his election, have resided within the territory included in the limits of the county or district in which he shall be chosen; provided, that any person who at the time of the adoption of this constitution, was a qualified elector under the territorial laws, shall be eligible to the first general assembly.
Salaries and per diem
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[25] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $43,977/year for legislators whose terms began in 2023. $41,449/year for legislators whose terms began in 2021. | For legislators residing within 50 miles of the capitol: $45/day. For legislators living more than 50 miles from the capitol: $237/day. |
When sworn in
Colorado legislators assume office on the first day of the legislative session after their election. The legislative session must begin no later than 10:00 AM on the second Wednesday of January.[26] The state constitution requires the newly elected governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, treasurer, and secretary of state to take office on the second Tuesday of January.[27] In the year after those offices are elected, the legislative session must begin before the second Tuesday of January to declare the winners of those races.[28][29]
Colorado political history
Trifectas
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government.
Colorado Party Control: 1992-2025
Thirteen years of Democratic trifectas • Four years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| House | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Presidential politics in Colorado
2020
- See also: Presidential election, 2020
Presidential election in Colorado, 2020
Candidate/Running mate |
% |
Popular votes |
Electoral votes |
||
| ✔ |
 
| Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D) |
55.4
|
1,804,352 | 9 |
 
| Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R) |
41.9
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1,364,607 | 0 | |
 
| Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (L) |
1.6
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52,460 | 0 | |
 
| Howie Hawkins/Angela Nicole Walker (G) |
0.3
|
8,986 | 0 | |
 
| Ye/Michelle Tidball (Unaffiliated) |
0.2
|
8,089 | 0 | |
 
| Don Blankenship/William Mohr (American Constitution Party) |
0.2
|
5,061 | 0 | |
 
| Bill Hammons/Eric Bodenstab (Unity Party) |
0.1
|
2,730 | 0 | |
 
| Brian T. Carroll/Amar Patel (American Solidarity Party) |
0.1
|
2,515 | 0 | |
 
| Mark Charles/Adrian Wallace (Unaffiliated) |
0.1
|
2,011 | 0 | |
 
| Gloria La Riva/Sunil Freeman (Party for Socialism and Liberation) |
0.0
|
1,035 | 0 | |
 
| Kyle Kenley Kopitke/Nathan R. Sorenson (Independent American Party) |
0.0
|
762 | 0 | |
 
| Roque De La Fuente/Darcy Richardson (Alliance Party) |
0.0
|
636 | 0 | |
| Joe McHugh/Elizabeth Storm (Unaffiliated) |
0.0
|
614 | 0 | |
 
| Brock Pierce/Karla Ballard (Unaffiliated) |
0.0
|
572 | 0 | |
| Phil Collins/Billy Joe Parker (Prohibition Party) |
0.0
|
568 | 0 | |
 
| Princess Khadijah Maryam Jacob-Fambro/Khadijah Maryam Jacob Sr. (Unaffiliated) |
0.0
|
495 | 0 | |
 
| Dario David Hunter/Dawn Neptune Adams (Progressive Party) |
0.0
|
379 | 0 | |
 
| Blake Huber/Frank Atwood (Approval Voting Party) |
0.0
|
355 | 0 | |
 
| Alyson Kennedy/Malcolm Jarrett (Socialist Workers Party) |
0.0
|
354 | 0 | |
| Joseph Kishore/Norissa Santa Cruz (Socialist Equality Party) |
0.0
|
196 | 0 | |
|
| Jordan Marc Scott/Jennifer Tepool (Unaffiliated) |
0.0
|
175 | 0 | |
 |
Total votes: 3,256,952 |
2016
- See also: Presidential election, 2016
| U.S. presidential election, Colorado, 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic |  Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine |
48.2% | 1,338,870 | 9 | |
| Republican | Donald Trump/Mike Pence | 43.3% | 1,202,484 | 0 | |
| American Constitution | Darrell Lane Castle/Scott Bradley | 0.4% | 11,699 | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson/Bill Weld | 5.2% | 144,121 | 0 | |
| Green | Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka | 1.4% | 38,437 | 0 | |
| Approval Voting | Frank Atwood/Blake Huber | 0% | 337 | 0 | |
| American Delta | Roque De La Fuente/Michael Steinberg | 0% | 1,255 | 0 | |
| Prohibition | Jim Hedges/Bill Bayes | 0% | 185 | 0 | |
| America's | Tom Hoefling/Steve Schulin | 0% | 710 | 0 | |
| Veterans | Chris Keniston/Deacon Taylor | 0.2% | 5,028 | 0 | |
| Socialist Workers | Alyson Kennedy/Osborne Hart | 0% | 452 | 0 | |
| Independent American | Kyle Kenley Kopitke/Nathan R. Sorenson | 0% | 1,096 | 0 | |
| Kotlikoff for President | Laurence Kotlikoff/Edward Lea | 0% | 392 | 0 | |
| Socialism and Liberation | Gloria Estela La Riva/Dennis J. Banks | 0% | 531 | 0 | |
| Nonviolent Resistance/Pacifist | Bradford Lyttle/Hannah Walsh | 0% | 382 | 0 | |
| Independent People of Colorado | Joseph A. Maldonado/Douglass K. Terranova | 0% | 872 | 0 | |
| American Solidarity | Michael A. Maturen/Juan Munoz | 0% | 862 | 0 | |
| Unaffiliated | Evan McMullin/Nathan Johnson | 1% | 28,917 | 0 | |
| Unaffiliated | Ryan Alan Scott/Bruce Kendall Barnard | 0% | 749 | 0 | |
| Nutrition | Rod Silva/Richard C. Silva | 0% | 751 | 0 | |
| Unaffiliated | Mike Smith/Daniel White | 0.1% | 1,819 | 0 | |
| Socialist Party USA | Emidio Soltysik/Angela Nicole Walker | 0% | 271 | 0 | |
| - | Other/Write-in | 0% | 27 | 0 | |
| Total Votes | 2,780,247 | 9 | |||
| Election results via: Federal Election Commission | |||||
Colorado presidential election results (1900-2024)
- 14 Democratic wins
- 18 Republican wins
| Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winning Party | D | R | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | D | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D |
2024 battleground elections
- See also: Battlegrounds
This was a battleground election. Other 2024 battleground elections included:
- Minnesota's 2nd Congressional District election, 2024
- Texas' 28th Congressional District election, 2024
- Texas' 34th Congressional District election, 2024
See also
| Colorado | State Legislative Elections | News and Analysis |
|---|---|---|
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2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 |
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Colorado Sun, "The Colorado legislative races where the most state-level super PAC cash is being spent," October 23, 2024
- ↑ The Colorado Sun, "Democratic supermajority or more “balance”: What’s at stake in Colorado’s state legislative elections," October 23, 2024
- ↑ Colorado Democrats chase 'supermajority' in the Senate," November 2, 2024
- ↑ CNalysis, "25 CO Forecast," accessed November 1, 2024
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines a seat as open if the incumbent did not file to run for re-election or filed but withdrew and did not appear on any ballot for his or her seat. If the incumbent withdrew from or did not participate in the primary but later chose to seek re-election to his or her seat as a third party or independent candidate, the seat would not be counted as open. If the incumbent retired or ran for a different seat in the same chamber, his or her original seat would be counted as open unless another incumbent from the same chamber filed to run for that seat, in which case it would not be counted as open due to the presence of an incumbent.
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State Website, "State Candidates," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Audio Recording Instructions," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Unaffiliated Candidate Petition," March 5, 2025
- ↑ Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 501," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Colorado Secretary of State, "Major Party Assembly Designation," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 601," accessed February 5, 2025
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Major Political Parties FAQs," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedcostatute602 - ↑ Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 602," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 604," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 801," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 802," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 1304," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ Colorado Election Rules, "Rule 3: Rules Concerning Qualified Political Organizations," accessed March 6, 2025
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Minor Parties and Qualified Political Organizations FAQs," accessed March 6, 2025
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedcocall - ↑ Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 1102," accessed March 6, 2025
- ↑ Colorado Revised Statutes, "Title 1, Article 4, Section 1101," accessed March 6, 2025
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 5, Section 7," accessed February 9, 2021
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 4, Section 1," accessed February 9, 2021
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 4, Section 3," accessed February 9, 2021
- ↑ Colorado LegiSource, "Surprise! The 2019 Legislative Session Convening a Week Earlier," September 20, 2018
