Connecticut's 5th Congressional District election (August 14, 2018 Republican primary)
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 30 (by mail), or Nov. 6 (in-person)
- Early voting: N/A
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 5
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: Yes
- Voter ID: Non-photo ID required
- Poll times: 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
2020 →
← 2016
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| Connecticut's 5th Congressional District |
|---|
 |
| Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
| Election details |
| Filing deadline: June 12, 2018 |
| Primary: August 14, 2018 General: November 6, 2018 Pre-election incumbent: Elizabeth Esty (Democrat) |
| How to vote |
| Poll times: 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Voting in Connecticut |
| Race ratings |
Cook Political Report: Solid Democratic Inside Elections: Solid Democratic Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Democratic |
| Ballotpedia analysis |
| U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018 |
| See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th Connecticut elections, 2018 U.S. Congress elections, 2018 U.S. Senate elections, 2018 U.S. House elections, 2018 |
Manny Santos (R) defeated Rich DuPont (R) and Ruby Corby O’Neill (R) to win the Republican nomination in Connecticut's 5th Congressional District. The seat became open when incumbent Rep. Elizabeth Esty (D) announced she would not seek re-election after receiving criticism for how she addressed harassment allegations against her chief of staff. Republicans believe they might be able to flip the district, which voted for Hillary Clinton (D) over Donald Trump (R) by a margin of 50 to 46 percent in 2016.[1]
The Republican field included two candidates who stated that they are immigrants who support the president’s immigration policy - Santos and O’Neill.[2][3]
The Connecticut Republican Party endorsed Santos, a former mayor of Meriden who immigrated as a child from Portugal. In a tweet responding to criticism of the president over children separated from their parents at the border, Santos wrote, "It’s called consequence of enforcing our immigration laws; separated while they are processed. Pass the solution."[4]
O’Neill, a retired psychology professor and Honduran immigrant, defended the president’s intentions regarding immigration policy, and said he “is not ruling anything out or anything in with regards to legal status."[5] O'Neill highlighted the opioid crisis and her personal experience with her ex-husband's addiction as a key issue.[3]
DuPont, a retired manufacturing consultant, also defended the president’s immigration policy but tried to keep the focus on incentivizing manufacturing job growth. "It’s pretty simple," he said. “We have crisis after crisis that can be solved readily by putting people back to work."[5]
The Republican Party primary was held August 14.
Candidates and election results
Manny Santos defeated Ruby Corby O'Neill and Rich DuPont in the Republican primary for U.S. House Connecticut District 5 on August 14, 2018.
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Connecticut District 5
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Manny Santos | 52.4 | 16,816 |
 | Ruby Corby O'Neill | 26.2 | 8,419 | |
 | Rich DuPont | 21.4 | 6,863 | |
| Total votes: 32,098 | |||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Craig Diangelo (R)
- Liz Peterson (R)
Top candidates
Rich DuPont
Rich DuPont is a retired manufacturing consultant and the co-host of Manufacturing Matters Radio. He listed his 2018 campaign pillars as education, employment, and economic development. He emphasized employment as the key problem to address in order to deal with several issues, such as expanding healthcare coverage.[6]
Ruby Corby O’Neill
Ruby Corby O’Neill, a retired psychology professor, immigrated from Honduras to the Bronx, New York, as a one-year-old. She earned a master's degree from Hunter College and both a master's degree and a Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology from City University of New York. She was a tenured professor at Teikyo Post University in Connecticut prior to running for office.[7]
Manny Santos
Manny Santos is the former mayor of Meriden, Connecticut and a business analyst for the UnitedHealth Group. In 1999 he earned a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Connecticut. Santos is also a veteran of the Operation Desert Storm, and served four years in the United States Marine Corps. He immigrated to the U.S. from Portugal at five years old with his family.[8]
Campaign themes and policy stances
Rich DuPont
| “ |
PLATFORM My campaign focuses on three major pillars: Education, Employment, and Economic Development. I have lived my entire life in the 5th district, and have spent thirty years working to promote these three pillars both inside and outside the 5th. LIST OF ISSUES Economic Development Jobs and the economy go hand in hand, and together they represent the most important issue facing Connecticut -- because jobs are the key to fixing our state’s economy. Connecticut has had no net job growth for nearly 20 years and now has one of the worst performing state economies in the nation. Our only path to a stronger economy is creating more jobs. Connecticut's manufacturing base is very much aligned with national security, not only with Electric Boat for submarines, Pratt & Whitney for aircraft engines and Lockheed Sikorski for helicopters -- but also with over 2,000 smaller Connecticut manufacturers in the defense-related supply chain. Connecticut’s manufacturing sector continues to be a significant and important part of our state economy. I have spent my entire career supporting the creation and retention of manufacturing jobs in the 5th District. Healthcare Although no one should be denied healthcare, we must recognize that citizens who are unemployed and under-employed without access to employer-sponsored benefits place more pressure on taxpayers to support another crumbling system. This is why I keep jobs as our number one priority. The way to solve our Healthcare issue is to get more people employed, so more people have access to employer-sponsored benefits. I am also pro-choice, and will continue to support a woman's right to bodily autonomy. Opioid Crisis We need to address this issue immediately. The CT Opioid epidemic is affecting our families, towns, schools, and businesses. We need to encourage or if necessary, require insurance companies to lengthen treatment coverage to 90-365 days, and not just keep recycling the 30-day in-patient stays. We need to approach this issue as a life-threatening disease -- because that’s what it is. Education and Training Education and training are critical to lifting ourselves out of a weak economy. We need immediate training to meet the immediate needs of employers who have thousands of career opportunities available in manufacturing, healthcare, and IT. Education and training programs that provide pathways to trades, degrees and on the job training help meet short-term demands and create long-term pathways to success. Law Enforcement and Crime Public safety is the first and most important responsibility of government. We need to ensure adequate budgetary support for our first responders and ensure that public safety is always paramount. Guns/Gun Violence I support the Second Amendment, and I also support common-sense measures to reduce gun violence including stronger background checks, mandatory waiting periods, mental health evaluations and enforcement of existing laws – none of which would infringe upon 2nd Amendment rights. Immigration/DACA America is a nation of immigrants and no one should be denied legal entry into the United States. There should also certainly be a legal path for children who were brought here by their parents and have attended our local schools and grown up in our communities – they should not be penalized. But I also believe that the immigration laws of the federal government should be enforced -- and I support the ability of law enforcement to determine whether a person arrested with a crime is here illegally or if they have formerly committed a crime elsewhere. |
” |
| —Rich DuPont for Congress[10] | ||
Ruby Corby O'Neill
| “ |
Press Releases Fake outrage by Democrats won’t solve Immigration Crisis June 18, 2018 SOUTHBURY, CT — Ruby Corby O’Neill, Republican candidate for Congress in Connecticut’s Fifth Congressional District, issued the following statement: “It breaks my heart to see children separated from their families. I am horrified by the images I am seeing in the news and I am angry at Members of Congress who express outrage after failing to do anything to fix our broken immigration system. What is obvious is that Democrats are using these children as political pawns to try and win elections. It’s wrong and it’s cruel. There is not a single person in America who wants to see these children separated from their families. President Trump is enforcing existing law and if Democrats really cared about the children they would stop staging publicity stunts and start working with Republicans to fix the problem. It’s time for Congress to get to work and pass legislation to solve this problem. And while we’re at it, let’s build the wall, end chain migration and visa lotteries.
June 20, 2018 SOUTHBURY, CT — Today, Ruby Corby O’Neill, Republican candidate for Congress in Connecticut’s Fifth Congressional District, called for four debates to be held before the August 14, 2018 Republican Primary. “Republican voters have an important choice to make in August,” Corby O’Neill said. "They can either choose the failed politics of the past or move the fifth district forward in a new direction. Two debates – as some have suggested - is simply not enough for Republican voters to get to know the candidates or ask them where they stand on the big issues facing our nation. For that reason, I am proposing that we have four debates across the district.” “Candidates matter. Elections matter. When GOP primary voters see us on the same stage, they will see that I am the only candidate who can beat the Democrats in November,” Corby O’Neill concluded. |
” |
| —Ruby Corby O'Neill for Congress[11] | ||
Manny Santos
| “ |
Economy It's all about meaningful jobs... Companies are leaving the state due to high taxes and burdensome regulations that create an unfriendly business environment. Furthermore, our cities are deteriorating before our eyes. We need real and long-term solutions. Our local, state and national economy depends on meaningful private-sector employed taxpayers to fund government operations. Low taxes and reasonable regulations (and predictability) encourages businesses to invest and grow. This growth produces jobs, which in turn generates more tax revenue to fund the necessary functions of government - the basic services you expect.
Immigration Why can’t Congress reach a deal on illegal immigration? Children that were brought illegally into this country by their parents and are in the DACA program, and who have been educated in American schools, speak our language and are productive individuals, should not be held hostage because our representatives in Congress are not willing to reach a deal. These individuals should have a clear path to permanent residency, not be kept in limbo used as pawns by our elected representatives. The vast majority of the parents of DACA children are hardworking members of our society. If we value the integrity of a loving family, we cannot separate them. On the other hand, we cannot reward law-breaking; they cannot become citizens, but they too should have a clear path to legal status. This is a compromise from both sides, and it can be done tomorrow, but not with the current representation in Congress. My parents brought us to this country to escape an authoritarian regime and to leave a subsistence life behind. Indeed, they left everything they knew, so that I and my siblings could have a better life. This better life comes with responsibilities and rules that all must follow in order to live a tranquil life. Reasonable people can disagree, but only with honest discussions can good people agree to solve real problems. Many in Congress today would rather use these issues to divide us, because it justifies their existence; their reelection. Deporting 15-30 million illegals will not happen and I will not support citizenship. Legalization for a small portion (as described above) is realistic, reasonable and will be supported by most Americans. Term Limits Running for Congress, representing you, should not require millions of dollars! Yet, this is what my opponent is willing to spend. I believe all our problems with politics and politicians can be resolved simply by imposing term limits. Due to the distance from their constituents, the longer our Washington representatives stay in office, the more corruptible they can become, the more power they amass, and consequently, the more money it takes to campaign and win elections. It is due to the amass of power and influence that it is almost impossible for an average citizen to run for the House of Representatives. The amount of money needed to run a successful campaign is obscene. Any one of you should be able to run, but the system is rigged; rigged by the powerful, the rich and the corruptible. I challenge all Congressional candidates to pledge to promote (and vote) for term limits. Impose term limits and we will once again have confidence that our representatives will do what they are elected to do and not pit one constituent group against another. 2nd Amendment (Gun Control) Aside from the fact that the Constitution protects our right to "keep and bear arms," this country has always had an affinity with guns. However, in the last two decades we have seen the frequency of mass shootings increase. Some norms in our society have shifted; perhaps people are less respectful of life or authority. Maybe it's a general decline in personal responsibility. Many have identified mental illness or lack of social coping skills as factors which should be considered. Resolving real problems require honest discussions, good intentions and belief in the rule of law. To that end, we must acknowledge the reason for the 2nd Amendment (and its not for hunting or sport): "No free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms... The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government." -- Thomas Jefferson Mass shootings are a real problem, especially in our schools. The loss of your child to a senseless horror like that is unimaginable, but one too many are living it… and remind us that evil does exist in this world. Let’s do what it takes to ensure that our children remain safe in school… and that responsible gun owners can continue to exercise their constitutional rights.
Education No one in Washington, D.C. knows better how to educate our children than the local school teachers and administrators. The federal government should play no role in the education system, other than perhaps providing some guidance or funding to the most needy communities. Each community (let alone each state) is vastly different in needs and goals. I support the repeal of Common Core and will favor allowing local districts to develop innovating teaching strategies. Healthcare Since the passing of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), the cost of health insurance has skyrocketed, not declined, as was promised when it was proposed. In fact, it is so costly to maintain, that if the federal government does not provide the insurance companies with a massive bailout, in what is known as Cost Sharing Reduction (CSR) payments, premiums will increase further. Instead of bailing out and propping up a failed system, I'll support the Trump Administration and Republican efforts to provide block grants to the state to give them resources and greater regulatory flexibility to revive their individual and small group health insurance markets. I'll further support efforts to allow the purchase of insurance across state lines, injecting more competition to pressure premiums downward. President Trump can unilaterally undo Obama’s unconstitutional exemption, requiring members of Congress to live under the laws they pass. Facing the reality of double digit premium increases, like millions of Americans on the individual market, Congress may feel pressure to come back to the negotiating table and follow through on years of promises to finally repeal Obamacare. Welfare Reform I support requiring able-bodied adults on public assistance to seek employment. Generational welfare must be stopped. Yet, we must ensure that those who genuinely need assistance and are not able to help themselves, do not become a burden to society, but instead can find hope in programs that have proven to be effective. Increasing employment opportunities through tax and regulatory reforms and education tax credits for low-income workers who seek employment, will reduce poverty and support working households. Military, Defense & Border Security Our federal government has no more important role than to ensure its citizens are protected from foreign or domestic enemies. Realizing evil does exist, we must deter aggression towards us by making our military the best it can possibly be: "peace through strength." As a war veteran, I have a keen appreciation for our military and national defense. Our men and women in uniform deserve the best equipment to do the job required to preserve our democracy and defend our nation. After their service, our veterans also deserve better than what this country has provided them. We must buildup the support system for veterans, including making the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) much more accountable and focused on providing the help these men and women deserve.
|
” |
| —Manny Santos for Congress[12] | ||
Endorsements
| Republican primary endorsements | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endorsement | Rich DuPont[13] | Ruby Corby O’Neill[14] | Manny Santos[14] | |
| Federal officials | ||||
| Rep. Nancy Johnson (R) | ✔ | |||
| Organizations | ||||
| Connecticut Republican Party | ✔ | |||
Campaign tactics and strategies
Campaign advertisements
Rich DuPont
Support
|
Campaign finance
The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.
| Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rich DuPont | Republican Party | $139,031 | $138,586 | $446 | As of December 31, 2018 |
| Ruby Corby O'Neill | Republican Party | $131,458 | $127,082 | $85,676 | As of December 31, 2018 |
| Manny Santos | Republican Party | $76,038 | $75,953 | $84 | As of December 31, 2018 |
|
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
|||||
Noteworthy events
Forums and debates
- July 30, 2018: The final televised debate before the primary was hosted by NBC 30. O'Neill was the fundraising leader on the day of the debate with $55,691 cash on hand, and said in her opening statement, "neither one of these guys has any chance of winning," referring to Santos and DuPont. All three candidates signaled support for president Trump on trade and offered different solutions to address healthcare costs under the Affordable Care Act. DuPont highlighted his track record building private-public partnerships as a key factor distinguishing him from his opponents, as well an endorsement from former 5th Congressional District Rep. Nancy Johnson (R). Santos described himself as someone "who can work with the current administration and the current leadership to get things done."[15]
State overview
Partisan control
This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Connecticut heading into the 2018 elections.
Congressional delegation
- Following the 2016 elections, Democrats held both U.S. Senate seats in Connecticut.
- Democrats held all five U.S. House seats in Connecticut.
State executives
- As of August 2018, Democrats held six of 12 state executive positions, the remaining six positions were officially nonpartisan.
- The governor of Connecticut was Democrat Dan Malloy. The state held elections for governor and lieutenant governor on November 6, 2018.
State legislature
- Democrats controlled both chambers of the Connecticut General Assembly. They had a 80-71 majority in the state House and a 18-18 majority in the state Senate.
Trifecta status
- Connecticut was one of eight Democratic trifectas, meaning that Democrats controlled the office of the governor, the state House, and the state Senate.
2018 elections
- See also: Connecticut elections, 2018
Connecticut held elections for the following positions in 2018:
- One U.S. Senate seat
- Five U.S. House seats
- Governor and lieutenant governor
- Four lower state executive positions
- 36 state Senate seats
- 151 state House seats
Demographics
| Demographic data for Connecticut | ||
|---|---|---|
| Connecticut | U.S. | |
| Total population: | 3,584,730 | 316,515,021 |
| Land area (sq mi): | 4,842 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White: | 77.3% | 73.6% |
| Black/African American: | 10.3% | 12.6% |
| Asian: | 4.2% | 5.1% |
| Native American: | 0.2% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander: | 0% | 0.2% |
| Two or more: | 2.8% | 3% |
| Hispanic/Latino: | 14.7% | 17.1% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate: | 89.9% | 86.7% |
| College graduation rate: | 37.6% | 29.8% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income: | $70,331 | $53,889 |
| Persons below poverty level: | 12.2% | 11.3% |
| Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Connecticut. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
As of July 2016, Connecticut's three largest cities were Bridgeport (pop. est. 146,579), New Haven (pop. est. 131,014), and Stamford (pop. est. 130,824).[16][17]
State election history
This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Connecticut from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the Connecticut Secretary of State.
Historical elections
Presidential elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Connecticut every year from 2000 to 2016.
| Election results (President of the United States), Connecticut 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2016 |  Hillary Clinton |
54.6% | Donald Trump |
40.9% | 13.7% |
| 2012 | Barack Obama |
58.1% | Mitt Romney |
40.8% | 17.3% |
| 2008 | Barack Obama |
60.6% | John McCain |
38.2% | 22.4% |
| 2004 | John Kerry |
54.3% | George W. Bush |
43.9% | 10.4% |
| 2000 | Al Gore |
55.9% | George W. Bush |
38.4% | 17.5% |
U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Connecticut from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.
| Election results (U.S. Senator), Connecticut 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2016 | Richard Blumenthal |
63.2% | Dan Carter |
34.6% | 28.6% |
| 2012 | Christopher Murphy |
54.8% | Linda McMahon |
43.1% | 11.7% |
| 2010 | Richard Blumenthal |
55.2% | Linda McMahon |
43.2% | 12% |
| 2006 |  Joe Lieberman (I) |
49.7% | Ned Lamont |
39.7% | 12.2% |
| 2004 | Chris Dodd |
66.4% | Jack Orchulli |
32.1% | 34.3% |
| 2002 | Joe Lieberman |
63.2% | Philip Giordano |
34.2% | 29% |
Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Connecticut.
| Election results (Governor), Connecticut 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2014 | Dan Malloy |
50.7% | Tom Foley |
48.2% | 2.5% |
| 2010 | Dan Malloy |
49.5% | Tom Foley |
49% | .5% |
| 2006 | Jodi Rell |
63.2% | John DeStefano, Jr. |
35.5% | 27.7% |
| 2002 | John G. Rowland |
56.1% | Bill Curry |
43.9% | 12.2% |
Congressional delegation, 2000-2016
This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Connecticut in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.
| Congressional delegation, Connecticut 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Republicans | Republicans (%) | Democrats | Democrats (%) | Balance of power |
| 2016 | 0 |
0% | 5 |
100% | D+5 |
| 2014 | 0 |
0% | 5 |
100% | D+5 |
| 2012 | 0 |
0% | 5 |
100% | D+5 |
| 2010 | 0 |
0% | 5 |
100% | D+5 |
| 2008 | 0 |
36.8% | 5 |
100% | D+5 |
| 2006 | 1 |
20% | 4 |
80% | D+4 |
| 2004 | 3 |
60% | 2 |
40% | R+1 |
| 2002 | 3 |
60% | 2 |
40% | R+1 |
| 2000 | 2 |
40% | 3 |
60.0% | D+1 |
Trifectas, 1992-2017
A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.
Connecticut Party Control: 1992-2025
Fifteen years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | I | I | I | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Senate | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
See also
- United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut, 2018
- United States House elections in Connecticut (August 14, 2018 Republican primaries)
- Connecticut's 5th Congressional District election (August 14, 2018 Democratic primary)
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2018
Footnotes
- ↑ Newsmax, "Connecticut Dem Rep. Esty On Her Way Out – GOP Chances of Winning Seat Up," April 1, 2018
- ↑ New York Times, "Explaining Trump’s Executive Order on Family Separation," June 20, 2018
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 CT News Junkie, "Republicans In 5th CD Agree On Immigration, Jobs," June 26, 2018
- ↑ Twitter, "@MannySantos123," June 20, 2018
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 CT Mirror, "In 5th CD, GOP candidates agree on trade, immigrants and Trump," June 25, 2018
- ↑ DuPont for Congress, "Issues," accessed July 10, 2018
- ↑ Ruby 2018, "Ruby's Story," accessed July 10, 2018
- ↑ LinkedIn, "Manny Santos, accessed July 10, 2018
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ "Issues," accessed July 10, 2018
- ↑ Ruby for Congress, "Press Releases," accessed July 10, 2018
- ↑ Manny Santos for Congress, "Issues," accessed July 10, 2018
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedsheddendorsements - ↑ 14.0 14.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedsmithendorsements - ↑ Facebook, "NBC Connecticut," July 30
- ↑ Cubit, "Connecticut by Population," accessed August 30, 2018
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Quickfacts Connecticut," accessed August 30, 2018
