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Democratic Party primaries in Hawaii, 2022

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2024
2020

Democratic Party primaries, 2022

Hawaii Democratic Party.jpg

Primary Date
August 13, 2022

Federal elections
Democratic primaries for U.S. House

State party
Democratic Party of Hawaii
State political party revenue

This page focuses on the Democratic primaries that took place in Hawaii on August 13, 2022.

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election.

Hawaii utilizes an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[1][2]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

Federal elections

U.S. Senate

See also: United States Senate election in Hawaii, 2022 (August 13 Democratic primary)

The 2022 U.S. Senate elections in Hawaii took place on November 8, 2022. Voters elected one candidate to serve in the U.S. Senate.

Democratic Party Democratic primary candidates

U.S. House

See also: United States House elections in Hawaii, 2022 (August 13 Democratic primaries)
The 2022 U.S. House of Representatives elections in Hawaii took place on November 8, 2022. Voters elected two candidates to serve in the U.S. House, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. To see a full list of candidates in the primary in each district, click "Show more" below.
Show more

District 1

Democratic Party Democratic primary candidates


Candidate Connection = candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey

District 2

Democratic Party Democratic primary candidates


Did not make the ballot:
Candidate Connection = candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey

State elections

State Senate

See also: Hawaii State Senate elections, 2022
The Hawaii State Senate was one of 88 state legislative chambers with elections in 2022. There are 99 chambers throughout the country. In 2020, 86 out of 99 legislative chambers held elections. To see a full list of state Senate candidates in the Democratic primaries, click "Show more" below.
Show more

Hawaii State Senate elections, 2022

  • Incumbents are marked with an (i) after their name.
  • Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Office Democratic Party Democratic Republican Party Republican Other
District 1

Laura Acasio (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngLorraine Inouye (i)
Wil Okabe

Green check mark transparent.pngHelen Tupai

District 2

Green check mark transparent.pngJoy San Buenaventura (i)

Dianne Hensley
Green check mark transparent.pngHolly Osborn

Libertarian Party

Green check mark transparent.pngFred Fogel
District 3

Green check mark transparent.pngDru Kanuha (i)

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 4

Green check mark transparent.pngTim Richards

Green check mark transparent.pngNicholas Tancheff

District 5

Green check mark transparent.pngGilbert Keith-Agaran (i)

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 6

Shaina Forsyth
Tamara Goebbert
Green check mark transparent.pngAngus McKelvey

Philip Raya
Green check mark transparent.pngSheila Walker

Green Party

Green check mark transparent.pngMelissah Shishido
District 7

Green check mark transparent.pngLynn DeCoite (i)
Leo Caires
Walter Ritte

Green check mark transparent.pngTamara McKay  Candidate Connection

District 8

Green check mark transparent.pngRonald Kouchi (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngAna Mo Des

Aloha Aina Party

Green check mark transparent.pngKapana Thronas-Kaho'Onei
District 9

Green check mark transparent.pngStanley Chang (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Parrish

Nonpartisan

James Malish
District 10

Green check mark transparent.pngLes Ihara Jr. (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngLeilani Soon
True St. Thomas  Candidate Connection

District 11

Green check mark transparent.pngCarol Fukunaga
Ian Ross

Green check mark transparent.pngBenjamin Sakai

District 12

Green check mark transparent.pngSharon Moriwaki (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngBlake Boyd

District 13

Green check mark transparent.pngKarl Rhoads (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngMatthew Tinay

Green Party

Green check mark transparent.pngKapono Souza

Nonpartisan

Green check mark transparent.pngMichelle Kwock
District 14

Green check mark transparent.pngDonna Kim (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngCheryl Rzonca

Nonpartisan

Angela Young
District 15

Green check mark transparent.pngGlenn Wakai (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngLorene Godfrey  Candidate Connection

District 16

Bennette Misalucha (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngBrandon Elefante

Green check mark transparent.pngPatricia Beekman

District 17

Green check mark transparent.pngDonovan Dela Cruz (i)

Karl Dicks
Green check mark transparent.pngAnna Hudson

District 18

Green check mark transparent.pngMichelle Kidani (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngMary Smart
Emil Svrcina

District 19

Green check mark transparent.pngHenry Aquino
Roger Clemente

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 20

The Democratic primary was canceled.


Did not make the ballot:
Corey Rosenlee 

Green check mark transparent.pngKurt Fevella (i)

District 21

Green check mark transparent.pngMike Gabbard (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngMatthew Khan

District 22

Green check mark transparent.pngMaile Shimabukuro (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngSamantha DeCorte

District 23

Green check mark transparent.pngGil Riviere (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngBrenton Awa
Arthur Hannemann

District 24

Green check mark transparent.pngJarrett Keohokalole (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngAntionette Fernandez
Adriel Lam

District 25

Green check mark transparent.pngChris Lee (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngBrian Lauro  Candidate Connection


House of Representatives

See also: Hawaii House of Representatives elections, 2022
The Hawaii House of Representatives was one of 88 state legislative chambers with elections in 2022. There are 99 chambers throughout the country. In 2020, 86 out of 99 legislative chambers held elections. To see a full list of state House candidates in the Democratic primaries, click "Show more" below.
Show more

Hawaii House of Representatives elections, 2022

  • Incumbents are marked with an (i) after their name.
  • Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Office Democratic Party Democratic Republican Party Republican Other
District 1

Green check mark transparent.pngMark Nakashima (i)

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 2

Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Onishi (i)

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 3

Green check mark transparent.pngChris Todd (i)
Shannon Matson

The Republican primary was canceled.


Aloha Aina Party

Green check mark transparent.pngDevin McMackin Sr.
District 4

Green check mark transparent.pngGreggor Ilagan (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngKeikilani Ho  Candidate Connection

Libertarian Party

Green check mark transparent.pngCandace Linton

Nonpartisan

Green check mark transparent.pngBrian Ley
District 5

Green check mark transparent.pngJeanne Kapela (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngLohi Goodwin  Candidate Connection

Libertarian Party

Green check mark transparent.pngMike Last
District 6

Ilya Barannikov
Green check mark transparent.pngKirstin Kahaloa
Lono Mack

Green check mark transparent.pngJonathan Kennealy

District 7

Green check mark transparent.pngNicole Lowen (i)

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 8

Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Tarnas (i)  Candidate Connection
Makai Freitas

Green check mark transparent.pngMonique CobbAdams Perreira

District 9

Green check mark transparent.pngJustin Woodson (i)
Sam Peralta

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 10

Green check mark transparent.pngTroy Hashimoto (i)

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 11

Green check mark transparent.pngTerez Amato
Randal Mahiai

Did not make the ballot:
Kelly Takaya King 

Green check mark transparent.pngShekinah Cantere
Netra Halperin  Candidate Connection

District 12

Green check mark transparent.pngKyle Yamashita (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngDan Johnson  Candidate Connection

Green Party

Green check mark transparent.pngSummer Starr
District 13

Linda Ha'i Clark (i)
Chase Nomura
Green check mark transparent.pngMahina Poepoe

Green check mark transparent.pngScott Adam

Green Party

Green check mark transparent.pngNick Nikhilananda  Candidate Connection
District 14

Kanamu Balinbin
Green check mark transparent.pngElle Cochran

Green check mark transparent.pngKelly Armstrong

Aloha Aina Party

Green check mark transparent.pngLeonard Nakoa
District 15

Green check mark transparent.pngNadine Nakamura (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngGreg Bentley

District 16

Green check mark transparent.pngJames Tokioka (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngSteve Yoder

District 17

Green check mark transparent.pngDee Morikawa (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Wilson

District 18

The Democratic primary was canceled.


Green check mark transparent.pngGene Ward (i)

District 19

Green check mark transparent.pngMark Hashem (i)
Kathy Feldman

Green check mark transparent.pngTheresa Texeira

District 20

Green check mark transparent.pngBert Kobayashi (i)
James Logue

Consuelo Anderson
Green check mark transparent.pngJessica Caiazzo

District 21

Green check mark transparent.pngJackson Sayama (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngJulia Allen
Joelle Seashell

District 22

Dale Kobayashi (i)
Green check mark transparent.pngAndrew Takuya Garrett

Green check mark transparent.pngJeffrey Imamura

District 23

Green check mark transparent.pngScott Nishimoto (i)

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 24

Green check mark transparent.pngAdrian Tam (i)
Ikaika Olds

Green check mark transparent.pngJillian Anderson  Candidate Connection

District 25

Green check mark transparent.pngScott Saiki (i)
Kim Coco Iwamoto

Green check mark transparent.pngRob Novak

District 26

Green check mark transparent.pngDella Au Belatti (i)
Kanzo Nara  Candidate Connection
Valerie Wang  Candidate Connection

Green check mark transparent.pngCharlotte Rosecrans

District 27

Gary Gill
Green check mark transparent.pngJenna Takenouchi

Green check mark transparent.pngMargaret Lim

Did not make the ballot:
Wendy Balidoy 

District 28

Green check mark transparent.pngDaniel Holt (i)
Robert Mikala Armstrong  Candidate Connection
Ken Farm

The Republican primary was canceled.


Aloha Aina Party

Green check mark transparent.pngErnest Caravalho
District 29

Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Mizuno (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngCarole K. Kaapu

District 30

Green check mark transparent.pngErnesto Ganaden (i)
Romy Cachola
Shirley Ann Templo  Candidate Connection

Green check mark transparent.pngP. M. Azinga

District 31

Green check mark transparent.pngLinda Ichiyama (i)

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 32

Green check mark transparent.pngMicah Pookela Kim Aiu

Green check mark transparent.pngGarner Musashi Shimizu

District 33

Green check mark transparent.pngSam Kong (i)
Tracy Arakaki

The Republican primary was canceled.


District 34

Green check mark transparent.pngGregg Takayama (i)
Roy Takumi (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngTheodene Allen  Candidate Connection

District 35

Green check mark transparent.pngCory Chun
Jolyn Garidan Prieto
Inam Rahman
Nathan Takeuchi

Green check mark transparent.pngJosiah Araki  Candidate Connection

District 36

Green check mark transparent.pngRachele Fernandez Lamosao
Maurice Morita

Green check mark transparent.pngVeamoniti Lautaha

District 37

Green check mark transparent.pngRyan Yamane (i)
Eric Sarrafian  Candidate Connection

Green check mark transparent.pngJamie Detwiler

District 38

Green check mark transparent.pngMarilyn Lee

Green check mark transparent.pngLauren Cheape Matsumoto (i)

District 39

Jamaica Cullen
Green check mark transparent.pngCorey Rosenlee
Kevin Kupihea Wilson

Austin Maglinti
Green check mark transparent.pngElijah Pierick  Candidate Connection

District 40

Wayne Kaululaau
Green check mark transparent.pngRose Martinez
Julie Reyes Oda

Green check mark transparent.pngJanie Gueso  Candidate Connection
Michael Starr

District 41

Green check mark transparent.pngMatt LoPresti (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngDavid Alcos
Dan Wade

District 42

Green check mark transparent.pngSharon Har (i)
Lori Goeas  Candidate Connection
Anthony Makana Paris

Green check mark transparent.pngDiamond Garcia

District 43

Green check mark transparent.pngStacelynn Kehaulani Eli (i)

Anna Odom
Green check mark transparent.pngKanani Souza

District 44

Green check mark transparent.pngDarius Kila
Jonathan Lee  Candidate Connection

Green check mark transparent.pngKimberly Kopetseg

District 45

Green check mark transparent.pngCedric Asuega Gates (i)
Jo Jordan

Maysana Akahai Aldeguer
Cherie Kuualoha Oquendo
Green check mark transparent.pngTiana Wilbur

District 46

Green check mark transparent.pngAmy Perruso (i)
Cross Makani Crabbe

Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Miller  Candidate Connection

Did not make the ballot:
Lester Fung 

District 47

Green check mark transparent.pngSean Quinlan (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngMark Talaeai

District 48

Green check mark transparent.pngLisa Kitagawa (i)

Green check mark transparent.pngWendell Elento

District 49

Green check mark transparent.pngScot Matayoshi (i)
Kana Naipo
Shawn Richey  Candidate Connection

Green check mark transparent.pngKilomana Danner

District 50

Toni Difante
Green check mark transparent.pngNatalia Hussey-Burdick
Michael Lee
Esera Vegas

Green check mark transparent.pngKathy Thurston

Did not make the ballot:
Roxana Jimenez 

District 51

Green check mark transparent.pngLisa Marten (i)  Candidate Connection
Kaleo Kwan

Green check mark transparent.pngKukana Kama-Toth

Did not make the ballot:
Edward Enos 


State executive offices

See also: Hawaii state executive official elections, 2022

Seven state executive offices were up for election in Hawaii in 2022:

Governor
Lieutenant Governor
Office of Hawaiian Affairs (6 seats)

The Office of Hawaiian Affairs is a nonpartisan office, so the five seats are not included below. To see a full list of candidates in the Democratic primaries, click "Show more" below.
Show more

Governor

Democratic Party Democratic primary candidates


Did not make the ballot:
Candidate Connection = candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey

Lieutenant Governor

Democratic Party Democratic primary candidates


Did not make the ballot:

Primary election competitiveness

See also: Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2022

This section contains information about the primary election competitiveness of election in Hawaii. For more information about this data, click here.


U.S. Senate competitiveness

U.S. House competitiveness

Post-filing deadline analysis

The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in Hawaii in 2022. Information below was calculated on August 9, 2022, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.

Thirteen candidates filed to run for Hawaii's two U.S. House districts, including eight Democrats and five Republicans. That's 6.5 candidates per district, less than the 9.5 candidates per district in 2020 and the same number as in 2018.

This was the first election to take place under new district lines following the 2020 census. Hawaii was apportioned two districts, the same number it was apportioned after the 2010 census. The 13 candidates running this year were six fewer than the 19 candidates who ran in 2020 and the same number as in 2018. Twelve candidates ran in 2016 and 2014, and 13 ran in 2012.

Rep. Kaiali'i Kahele (D) did not run for re-election in order to run for governor of Hawaii, making the 2nd district an open seat this year. This was the sixth consecutive election cycle where one of Hawaii’s two U.S. House seats was open. Eight candidates — two Republicans and six Democrats — ran to replace Kahele, the most candidates who ran for a seat this year.

There were four contested primaries this year, the most since 2012. There were three contested primaries in every election cycle between 2014 and 2020. Democratic and Republican candidates filed to run in both districts, so no seats were guaranteed to either party this year.

State executive competitiveness

State legislative competitiveness

Post-filing deadline analysis

The following analysis covers all state legislative districts up for election in Hawaii in 2022. Information below was calculated on Aug. 9, 2022, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.

Hawaii held 51 contested primaries in 2022, 34% of the total number of possible primaries, and a 65% increase from 2020.

A primary is contested when more candidates files to run than there are nominations available, meaning at least one candidate must lose.

Of the 51 contested primaries, 36 were for Democrats and 15 were for Republicans. For Democrats, this was up from 29 in 2020, a 24% increase. For Republicans, the number increased 650% from two in 2020.

Twenty-five contested primaries featured an incumbent, representing 40% of all incumbents who filed for re-election. This was a higher rate of incumbents in contested primaries compared to 2020, but lower than rates in the 2018 and 2016 cycles.

All 25 incumbents in contested primaries were Democrats.

Overall, 205 major party candidates—126 Democrats and 79 Republicans—filed to run.

Context of the 2022 elections

Hawaii Party Control: 1992-2025
Twenty-six years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

State party overview

Democratic Party of Hawaii

See also: Democratic Party of Hawaii

State political party revenue

See also: State political party revenue and State political party revenue per capita

State political parties typically deposit revenue in separate state and federal accounts in order to comply with state and federal campaign finance laws.

The Democratic Party and the Republican Party maintain state affiliates in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and select U.S. territories. The following map displays total state political party revenue per capita for the Democratic state party affiliates.


Voter information

How the primary works

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election.

Hawaii utilizes an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[3][4]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

Poll times

As of 2020, Hawaii is an all-mail voting state, which means that its elections are conducted almost exclusively by mail. There are voter service centers that are open from 7:00 a.m. until 7:00 p.m. Hawaii Standard Time on election day, and with varying hours for ten business days prior to each election, to receive personal delivery of mail-in ballots, accommodate voters with special needs, offer same-day registration and voting, and provide other election services.

To find the locations and hours of voter service centers, see here.[5][6]

Registration requirements

Check your voter registration status here.

To register to vote in Hawaii, one must be a United States citizen, a resident of the state, and at least 18 years old. Pre-registration is available beginning at age 16.[7][8]

Registration can be completed in the following ways:[7]

Online: Visit olvr.hawaii.gov. You must have a current Hawaii Driver’s License or State ID to complete an application online.

Mail: Print & submit a completed Voter Registration Application to your Clerk’s Office. Paper application must be submitted to the county elections division by 4:30 PM on the tenth day before each election.

In-person: Visit the Office of Elections or a Clerk’s Office to submit an application in person.

Applications are available at any of the following locations: [7]

  • County Elections Divisions
  • Clerk’s Offices
  • State Libraries
  • U.S. Post Offices
  • Most State Agencies
  • Satellite City Halls

Same-day voter registration is available at voter service centers, to register and vote in-person, beginning 10 days prior and through election day. Paper registration applications must be submitted to county election divisions by 4:30 PM on the tenth day before each election. Once you are registered, you do not need to re-register for another election unless your residence address, mailing address, or name changes. Hawaii adopted same-day registration in 2014; implementation occurred in 2018.[7]

Automatic registration

Hawaii offers automatic voter registration for eligible individuals through the Department of Motor Vehicles when they complete a driver license or state ID application, and the Department of Health and Department of Human Services when applying to receive public assistance.

Online registration

See also: Online voter registration

Hawaii has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.

Same-day registration

Hawaii allows same-day voter registration.

Residency requirements

To register to vote in Hawaii, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify a length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible. The voter registration application includes the following language: "The residence stated in this affidavit is not simply because of my presence in the State, but was acquired with the intent to make Hawaii my legal residence with all the accompanying obligations therein."[8]

Verification of citizenship

See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

Hawaii does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual must attest that they are a U.S. citizen when registering to vote. According to the state's voter registration application, "any person who knowingly furnishes false information may be guilty of a Class C felony."[9]

All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.[10] Seven states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming — have laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration, whether in effect or not. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allows noncitizens to vote in some local elections. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.

Verifying your registration

Hawaii's Online Voter Registration System, run by the Hawaii Office of Elections, allows residents to check their voter registration status online.

Voter ID requirements

Voters in Hawaii are not generally required to present identification while voting. In 2019, the statute requiring voters to present identification if so requested by a precinct official was repealed.

When registering to vote for the first time, a Hawaii Driver License, Hawaii State ID, or the last 4-digits of the voter's Social Security Number is required. If none of these can be provided, one of the following must be provided as proof of identification:

  • A current and valid photo identification; or
  • A current utility bill, bank statement, government check, paycheck, or other government document that shows your name and address.[8]

Early voting

Since it is an all-mail voting state, Hawaii permits early voting. Learn more by visiting this website.

Early voting permits citizens to cast ballots in person at a polling place prior to an election. In states that permit no-excuse early voting, a voter does not have to provide an excuse for being unable to vote on Election Day. States that allow voters to cast no-excuse absentee/mail-in ballots in person are counted as no-excuse early voting states.

Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia permit no-excuse early voting.

Absentee voting

Hawaii conducts its elections by mail. All eligible voters automatically receive mail ballots, which must be returned election officials by close of polls on Election Day.[5]

Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

There are no Pivot Counties in Hawaii. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

In the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton (D) won Hawaii with 62.2 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 30 percent. In presidential elections between 1960 and 2016, Hawaii voted Democratic 86.67 percent of the time and Republican 13.33 percent of the time. The only presidential elections from 1960 to 2016 where Hawaii voted for the Republican candidate were the elections in 1972 and 1984. Richard Nixon (R) and Ronald Reagan (R), respectively, won nearly every state in those elections.[11] Hawaii voted Democratic in every presidential election from 2000 to 2016.

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Hawaii. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[12][13]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won all 51 state House districts in Hawaii with an average margin of victory of 42.9 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won all 51 state House districts in Hawaii with an average margin of victory of 31.7 points. Six of those districts were controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.


See also


External links

Footnotes

  1. National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed July 19, 2024
  2. Hawaii State Legislature, "Hawaii Revised Statutes §12-31," accessed July 19, 2024
  3. National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed July 19, 2024
  4. Hawaii State Legislature, "Hawaii Revised Statutes §12-31," accessed July 19, 2024
  5. 5.0 5.1 State of Hawaii - Office of Elections, "Voting in Hawaii," accessed July 19, 2024
  6. Hawaii State Legislature, "HB1248," accessed March 21, 2023
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 State of Hawaii Office of Elections, "Registration," accessed July 19, 2024
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 State of Hawaii Office of Elections, "Voter Registration and Permanent Absentee Application," accessed July 19, 2024
  9. State of Hawaii Office of Elections, "Hawaii Voter Registration Application," accessed November 1, 2024
  10. Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
  11. 270towin.com, "Historical Presidential Elections," accessed August 2, 2017
  12. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  13. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017