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Election administration in Connecticut

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Election Information
Voter registration
Early voting
Absentee/mail-in voting
All-mail voting
Voter ID laws
State poll opening and closing times
Time off work for voting

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Select a state from the menu below to learn more about its election administration.

Election administration encompasses a state's voting policies, procedures, and enforcement. These include voter identification requirements, early and absentee/mail-in voting provisions, voter list maintenance methods, and more. Each state's voting policies dictate who can vote and under what conditions.

THE BASICS
  • Connecticut permits online voter registration.
  • Connecticut permits early voting. It does not permit no-excuse absentee/mail-in voting.
  • In Connecticut, polls are open from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time.
  • Connecticut requires non-photo identification to vote.
  • Connecticut holds closed primary elections.
  • Connecticut has an online tool for verifying voter registration.

  • Below, you will find details on the following election administration topics in Connecticut:

    Poll times

    See also: State poll opening and closing times

    In Connecticut, all polling places are open from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Election Day. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.[2]

    Voter registration

    Check your voter registration status here.

    To vote in Connecticut, one must be a U.S. citizen and Connecticut resident who is at least 17 years-old and will be 18 on or before Election Day.[3]

    Registration applications can be submitted online or completed via paper forms. The deadline for mail-in applications is 18 days before an election or primary, while same-day registration is available but must be completed at designated election-day registration locations in each town.[4]

    Automatic registration

    Connecticut automatically registers eligible individuals to vote through the Department of Motor Vehicles.

    Online registration

    See also: Online voter registration

    Connecticut has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.

    Same-day registration

    Connecticut allows same-day voter registration.

    Residency requirements

    To register to vote in Connecticut, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify a length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible.

    Verification of citizenship

    See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

    Connecticut does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual must attest that they are a U.S. citizen when registering to vote. According to the state's voter registration application, if you knowingly providing false information, "you can be convicted and imprisoned for up to five years and fined up to $5,000."[5]

    All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.[6] Seven states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming — have laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration, whether in effect or not. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allows noncitizens to vote in some local elections. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.

    Verifying your registration

    The site Voter Registration Lookup, run by the Connecticut Secretary of State office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online.

    Early and absentee/mail-in voting policy

    Early voting

    See also: Early voting

    Connecticut permits early voting. Learn more by visiting this website.

    Governor Ned Lamont (D) signed Public Act 23-5 into law on June 7, 2023. The law, which went into effect on July 1, 2023, implemented in-person early voting for elections occurring after January 1, 2024.[7] The length of the early voting period varies based on the type of election. Fourteen days of early voting are required for general elections, seven days are required for most primaries, and four days are required for special elections and presidential preference primaries. Each municipality was required to establish at least one early voting location.[8]

    In 2022, Connecticut voters approved a legislatively referred constitutional amendment allowing the Connecticut General Assembly to pass laws providing for in-person early voting.

    Early voting permits citizens to cast ballots in person at a polling place prior to an election. In states that permit no-excuse early voting, a voter does not have to provide an excuse for being unable to vote on Election Day. States that allow voters to cast no-excuse absentee/mail-in ballots in person are counted as no-excuse early voting states.

    Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia permit no-excuse early voting.


    Absentee/mail-in voting

    See also: Absentee/mail-in voting

    Connecticut voters are eligible to vote absentee/by-mail in an election if they cannot make it to the polls on election day for one of the following reasons:[9]

    • Active military service
    • Absence from town of residence during voting hours
    • Illness or physical disability, or role as a caregiver to another individual with illness or disability
    • Religious beliefs precluding secular activity on election day
    • Performance of duties as an election official at a different polling place during voting hours

    To request an absentee/mail-in ballot, a voter may complete and sign an application and return it to their town clerk, or complete an online application. Voters requesting an absentee/mail-in ballot within six days of an election must complete an emergency application.[9]

    An absentee ballot must be returned either in person by close of business the day before the election or by mail. If returned by mail, the ballot must be received by close of polls on election day.[9]

    Returning absentee/mail-in ballots

    See also: Mail ballot collection and return laws by state

    Connecticut voters can return their absentee/mail-in ballot to their town clerk by mail or in person. Ballots must be received by the time the polls close on election day in order to be counted. Voters who are unable to return their ballot may designate another person to return it for them.[9][10]

    Twenty states allow anyone chosen by the voter to return a ballot on the voter's behalf, with certain exceptions, while 16 states allow anyone with certain relationships to the voter to return the voter's ballot. Four states allow only the voter to return the voter's ballot, with certain exceptions, and two states required voters to return their ballots by mail. Eight states and D.C. do not specify who may return ballots.

    Signature requirements and cure provisions

    Absentee/mail-in ballots in Connecticut include a set of return envelopes with a certification statement printed on the inner envelope. In order to be counted, the statement must be signed by the voter and the ballot must be sealed inside the inner and outer envelopes. If the inner envelope is missing a signature or it is determined that the signature on the envelope does not match the voter’s signature on file, the ballot will not be counted.

    Connecticut law does not include a cure provision, a procedure allowing voters to correct an issue with their absentee/mail-in ballot.[11]

    Thirty-three states have laws that include cure provisions, while 17 states do not. One state, Pennsylvania, allows counties to establish a cure process.

    Was your absentee/mail-in ballot counted?

    Use the Connecticut Secretary of State's voter registration lookup tool to check the status of your absentee/mail-in ballot.

    Voter identification requirements

    See also: Voter ID in Connecticut
    See also: Voter identification laws by state

    Connecticut requires voters to present non-photo identification while voting.[12] A voter who does not present a required ID may sign an affidavit with their name, address, and date of birth, and then election officials may determine that the voter is eligible to vote.[13]

    The following list of accepted ID was current as of July 2024. Click here for the Connecticut Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.

    First-time voters who registered by mail must present one of the following forms of identification to vote in an election with federal candidates on the ballot:

    • Copy of a current and valid photo identification with the voter’s name and address, or
    • Copy of a current utility bill, bank statement, government check, paycheck, or government document that shows the voter’s name and address.

    Other voters must present one of the following forms of identification:

    • Any re-printed form of identification that shows the voter's name and address, name and signature, or name and photograph.
    • Social security card.

    Thirty-five states require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day. Of these states, 23 require voters to present identification containing a photograph, and 12 accept other forms of identification. The remaining 15 states do not require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day.

    Valid forms of identification differ by state. In certain states that require voters to provide identification, there may be exceptions that allow some voters to cast a ballot without providing an ID. To see more about these exceptions, see details by state. Commonly accepted forms of ID include driver's licenses, state-issued identification cards, and military identification cards.

    Provisional balloting for voters without ID

    A first-time voter who does not have an accepted form of identification while voting may cast a provisional ballot.[12][14] See below for provisional ballot rules. All other voters can "[s]ign a statement under penalty of false statement on Form ED-681 entitled, 'Signatures of Electors Who Did Not Present ID,' provided by the Secretary of the State that the elector whose name appears on the official check list is the same person who is signing the form."[12]

    Provisional ballot rules

    Voters in Connecticut are given provisional ballots, or ballots requiring additional steps or information before they can be counted, under the following circumstances.[14]

    1) If the voter’s "name does not appear on the official registry list for the polling place," the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot.

    2) If the voter’s eligibility to vote is challenged by an election official, the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot.

    3) If a first-time voter is unable to provide proper identification, the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot.

    4) If the voter votes "after the polls close in an election for federal office as a result of a federal or state court order, or any other order extending the time established for closing the polls by a state law in effect 10 days before the date of that election," the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot.

    In each of the above circumstances, the voter must complete a "written affirmation at the polling place affirming that you are qualified to vote in the election or primary for federal office in the polling place; and you have neither offered yourself to vote nor voted in person or by absentee/mail-in ballot at said election or primary for federal office at the polling place."[14]

    If the voter is not registered in the proper precinct when the ballot is cast, the voter’s provisional ballot is rejected.[15]

    Was your provisional ballot counted?

    Use the Connecticut Secretary of State's voter registration lookup tool to check the status of your provisional ballot.

    Local election officials


    U.S. Vote Foundation Logo.jpeg

    Do you need information about elections in your area? Are you looking for your local election official? Click here to visit the U.S. Vote Foundation and use their election official lookup tool.


    Primary election type

    See also: Primary elections in Connecticut

    A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate whom they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Connecticut utilizes a closed primary system, in which only registered party members may vote in a party's primary. However, Connecticut state law allows parties to decide whether unaffiliated voters can vote in their primary before each election.[16][17][18]

    For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

    Time off work for voting

    In 2021, Connecticut lawmakers enacted legislation that required employees to grant workers unpaid time off to vote so long as the employee requests the time off at least two days in advance. As enacted, the requirement expired on June 30, 2024.[19]

    Twenty-eight states require employers to grant employees time off to vote. Within these 28 states, policies vary as to whether that time off must be paid and how much notice must be given.

    Voting rules for people convicted of a felony

    See also: Voting rights for people convicted of a felony

    In Connecticut, people convicted of a felony in a federal or out-of-state court regain their voting rights upon completion of confinement, parole, and the payment of all fines. People convicted of a felony and confined in a Connecticut facility regain voting rights after the completion of confinement and parole, except for those who have violated Connecticut's Election Statutes, who must be discharged from probation before their voting rights are restored.[20]

    Voting rights for people convicted of a felony vary from state to state. In the majority of states, people convicted of a felony cannot vote while they are incarcerated but may regain the right to vote upon release from prison or at some point thereafter.[21]

    Voter list maintenance

    All states have rules under which they maintain voter rolls—or, check and remove certain names from their lists of registered voters. Most states are subject to the parameters set by The National Voter Registration Act (NVRA).[22] The NVRA requires states to make efforts to remove deceased individuals and individuals who have become ineligible due to a change of address. It prohibits removing registrants from voter lists within 90 days of a federal election due to change of address unless a registrant has requested to be removed, or from removing people from voter lists solely because they have not voted. The NVRA says that states may remove names from their registration lists under certain other circumstances and that their methods for removing names must be uniform and nondiscriminatory.[23]

    When names can be removed from the voter list

    Connecticut law requires state and local election officials to remove individuals from the voter registration list if the individual:[24]

    • Dies,
    • Confirms in writing a change of address to a location outside of their voting jurisdiction,
    • Has been convicted of a felony and committed to the custody of the Commissioner of Correction, or
    • Remains on the inactive voter list for four years.

    Inactive voter list rules

    Local election officials conduct an annual canvass in which they determine if voters have moved from their voting jurisdiction. State law requires officials to send a forwardable notice to voters determined to have moved. Officials add the voter’s name to the inactive list if the voter does not return the notice. Inactive voters are not included in calculations for petitions and other election administration procedures. If a voter remains on the inactive voter list for four years–by not voting or updating their registration status–their registration is to be canceled.[25]

    The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)

    See also: Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)

    According to its website, ERIC is a nonprofit corporation that is governed by a board of member-states. These member states submit voter registration and motor vehicle registration information to ERIC. ERIC uses this information, as well as Social Security death records and other sources, to provide member states with reports showing voters who have moved within their state, moved out of their state, died, have duplicate registrations in their state, or are potentially eligible to vote but are not yet registered. ERIC's website describes its funding as follows: "Members fund ERIC. New members pay a one-time membership fee of $25,000, which is reserved for technology upgrades and other unanticipated expenses. Members also pay annual dues. Annual dues cover operating costs and are based, in part, on the citizen voting age population in each state."[26]

    Twenty-five states are participating members in the ERIC program. Thirty-four states and the District of Columbia have joined and participated in ERIC at some point.[27]

    As of July 2024, Connecticut was a participating member in ERIC.

    Post-election auditing

    Connecticut state law requires post-election audits. Local registrars of voters are randomly selected to be audits by the secretary of state through a drawing. The audited may be conducted by hand, or by electronic audit, in which case "not less than five per cent of the voting districts in the state, district or municipality, whichever is applicable" must be audited.[28] According to state law, "the Secretary of the State shall order a discrepancy recanvass of the returns of an election or primary for any office if a discrepancy... exists where the margin of victory in the race for such office is less than the amount of the discrepancy multiplied by the total number of voting districts where such race appeared on the ballot."[28]

    The audit must be conducted between the fifteenth day after the election and two business days before the canvass.[29]

    Post-election audits check that election results tallied by a state's voting system match results from paper records, such as paper ballots filled out by voters or the paper records produced by electronic voting machines. Post-election audits are classified into two categories: audits of election results—which include traditional post-election audits as well as risk-limiting audits—and procedural audits.[30][31]

    Typically, traditional post-election audits are done by recounting a portion of ballots, either electronically or by hand, and comparing the results to those produced by the state's voting system. In contrast, risk-limiting audits use statistical methods to compare a random sample of votes cast to election results instead of reviewing every ballot. The scope of procedural audits varies by state, but they typically include a systematic review of voting equipment, performance of the voting system, vote totals, duties of election officials and workers, ballot chain of custody, and more.

    Forty-six states and the District of Columbia require some form of post-election audit by law, excluding states with pilot programs. Of these, 39 states and the District of Columbia require traditional post-election audits, while three states require risk-limiting post-election audits, and three states require some other form of post-election audit, including procedural post-election audits.[32][30]

    Noteworthy events

    Gov. Ned Lamont signs absentee voting executive order (2021)

    On April 6, 2021, Gov. Ned Lamont (D) signed an executive order allowing voters to cast absentee ballots in any election, primary, or referendum held before May 20, 2021, citing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as a reason for being unable to vote in person at a polling place.[33]


    Election policy ballot measures

    See also: Elections and campaigns on the ballot and List of Connecticut ballot measures

    Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measures relating to election and campaign policy in Connecticut.

    1. Connecticut Qualification of Electors, Question 1 (1976)
    2. Connecticut Forfeiture of Electoral Privileges Upon Conviction, Question 3 (1974)
    3. Connecticut Justices of the Peace, Question 4 (1974)
    4. Connecticut Residence Requirement of Electors, Question 2 (1964)
    5. Connecticut Admission of Electors, Question 2 (1962)
    6. Connecticut Election Procedure for the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, Question 3 (1962)
    7. Connecticut Elector Residence Privileges, Question 4 (1962)
    8. Connecticut Election Procedure for State Executive Officials, Question 2 (1948)
    9. Connecticut Qualifications of Electors, Question 2 (1932)

    Recent legislation related to election administration in Connecticut

    The table below lists bills related to election administration that have been introduced during (or carried over to) the current legislative session in Connecticut. The following information is included for each bill:

    • State
    • Bill number
    • Official bill name or caption
    • Most recent action date
    • Legislative status
    • Sponsor party
    • Topics dealt with by the bill

    Bills are organized by most recent action. The table displays up to 100 results. To view more bills, use the arrows in the upper-right corner. Clicking on a bill will open its page on Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, which includes bill details and a summary.

    Explore election legislation with Ballotpedia

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    Ballot access

    See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Connecticut


    In order to get on the ballot in Connecticut, a candidate for state or federal office must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements well in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.

    There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for office in a state.

    1. An individual can seek the nomination of a state-recognized political party.
    2. An individual can run as an independent. Independent candidates often must petition in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.
    3. An individual can run as a write-in candidate.

    This article outlines the steps that prospective candidates for state-level and congressional office must take in order to run for office in Connecticut. For information about filing requirements for presidential candidates, click here. Information about filing requirements for local-level offices is not available in this article (contact state election agencies for information about local candidate filing processes).

    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Connecticut

    Redistricting is the process by which new congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. Each of Connecticut's five United States Representatives and 187 state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. United States Senators are not elected by districts, but by the states at large. District lines are redrawn every 10 years following completion of the United States census. The federal government stipulates that districts must have nearly equal populations and must not discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity.[34][35][36][37]

    Connecticut was apportioned five seats in the U.S. House of Representatives after the 2020 census, the same number it received after the 2010 census. Click here for more information about redistricting in Connecticut after the 2020 census.

    HIGHLIGHTS
  • Following the 2020 United States Census, Connecticut was apportioned five congressional districts, which was unchanged from the number it had after the 2010 census.
  • Connecticut's House of Representatives is made up of 151 districts; Connecticut's State Senate is made up of 36 districts.
  • In Connecticut, the state legislature is primarily responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines.
  • On June 28, 2018, the NAACP, in conjunction with five Connecticut voters, filed suit in federal district court, alleging that Connecticut's state legislative district plan violates the Amendment XIV, United States Constitution by counting prison inmates as residents of their incarceration facilities as opposed to their pre-incarceration residences for redistricting purposes. For more information, see below.
  • State process

    See also: State-by-state redistricting procedures

    In Connecticut, the state legislature is primarily responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Maps must be approved by a two-thirds vote in each chamber. If the state legislature is unable to approve new maps, a backup commission is convened to draw congressional and state legislative district boundaries. The commission consists of nine members. The four legislative leaders (i.e., the majority and minority leaders of each chamber of the legislature) appoint two members each. The ninth member is selected by the eight previously selected commissioners.[38][39]

    The Connecticut Constitution requires that all districts, whether congressional or state legislative, be contiguous. In addition, state House districts must "not divide towns except where necessary to comply with other legal requirements."[40]

    Election administration agencies

    Election agencies

    Seal of the U.S. Election Assistance Commission
    See also: State election agencies

    Individuals seeking additional information about election administration in Connecticut can contact the following local, state, and federal agencies.

    Connecticut Town Clerks

    Click here for a list

    Secretary of the State

    Physical Address: 165 Capitol Avenue, Suite 1000
    Hartford, CT 06106
    Mailing address: PO Box 150470
    Hartford, CT 06115-0470
    Phone: 860-509-6100
    Fax: 860-509-6127
    Email: lead@ct.gov
    Website: http://www.sots.ct.gov/

    Connecticut State Elections Enforcement Commission

    55 Farmington Avenue
    Hartford, CT 06105
    Phone: 860-256-2940
    Fax: 860-256-2981
    Email: SEEC@ct.gov
    Website: https://portal.ct.gov/SOTS

    U.S. Election Assistance Commission

    633 3rd Street NW, Suite 200
    Washington, DC 20001
    Phone: 301-563-3919
    Toll free: 1-866-747-1471
    Email: clearinghouse@eac.gov
    Website: https://www.eac.gov

    Ballotpedia's election coverage

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    See also

    Elections in Connecticut


    External links

    Footnotes

    1. We use the term "absentee/mail-in voting" to describe systems in which requests or applications are required. We use the term "all-mail voting" to denote systems where the ballots themselves are sent automatically to all voters. We use the hyphenate term for absentee voting because some states use “mail voting” (or a similar alternative) to describe what has traditionally been called "absentee voting."
    2. Connecticut General Assembly, "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 9-174," accessed July 23, 2024
    3. Connecticut Secretary of the State, "Voting Eligibility," accessed July 23, 2024
    4. Connecticut Secretary of State, "Election Day Registration," accessed July 23, 2024
    5. Office of the Secretary of the State, "State of Connecticut Mail-in Voter Registration," accessed November 1, 2024
    6. Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
    7. Connecticut General Assembly, "Public Act No. 23-5," June 7, 2023
    8. State of Connecticut, "Governor Lamont Signs Legislation Establishing Early Voting in Connecticut Elections and Primaries," June 7, 2023
    9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Connecticut Secretary of the State, "Absentee Voting Information," accessed July 23, 2024
    10. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Receipt and Postmark Deadlines for Absentee/Mail Ballots," accessed July 23, 2024
    11. Connecticut General Assembly, "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 9-149," accessed July 22, 2024
    12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 Connecticut Secretary of State, "FAQ Voter ID," accessed July 23, 2024
    13. General Statutes of Connecticut, "Sections 9-261," accessed November 1, 2024
    14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 Ct.gov, "Provisional Ballot," accessed July 23, 2024
    15. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Provisional Ballots," accessed July 23, 2024
    16. National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed July 23, 2024
    17. Connecticut General Assembly, "Major Party Nominating Procedures in States With Conventions," accessed July 23, 2024
    18. Connecticut General Assembly, "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 9-431," accessed July 23, 2024
    19. Connecticut General Assembly, "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-57y," accessed July 23, 2024
    20. Ct.gov, "The Ultimate Freedom: The Right to Vote," accessed July 23, 2024
    21. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Felon Voting Rights," April 6, 2023
    22. As of May 2024, the Justice Department notes, "Six States (Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) are exempt from the NVRA because, on and after August 1, 1994, they either had no voter-registration requirements or had election-day voter registration at polling places with respect to elections for federal office."
    23. The United States Department of Justice, "The National Voter Registration Act of 1993," accessed May 29, 2024
    24. General Statutes of Connecticut, "Sections 9-35; 9-45," accessed September 13, 2019
    25. Connecticut General Assembly, "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 9-32," accessed July 23, 2024
    26. ERIC, "FAQ," accessed May 29, 2024
    27. ERIC, "Who We Are," accessed May 29, 2024
    28. 28.0 28.1 Connecticut General Assembly, "Conn. Gen. Stat. §9-320f," accessed July 23, 2024
    29. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Post-Election Audits," accessed April 10, 2023
    30. 30.0 30.1 National Conference of State Legislatures, "Post-Election Audits," accessed July 2, 2025
    31. Election Assistance Commission, "Election Audits Across the United States," accessed July 2, 2025
    32. Ballotpedia research conducted in October 2024, researching and analyzing various state websites and codes.
    33. Office of the Governor of Connecticut, "Executive Order No. 10E," April 6, 2021
    34. All About Redistricting, "Why does it matter?" accessed April 8, 2015
    35. Indy Week, "Cracked, stacked and packed: Initial redistricting maps met with skepticism and dismay," June 29, 2011
    36. The Atlantic, "How the Voting Rights Act Hurts Democrats and Minorities," June 17, 2013
    37. Redrawing the Lines, "The Role of Section 2 - Majority Minority Districts," accessed April 6, 2015
    38. All About Redistricting, "Connecticut," accessed April 22, 2015
    39. Connecticut Constitution, "Article XXVI, Section 2.b," accessed April 22, 2015
    40. All About Redistricting, "Who draws the lines?" accessed March 25, 2015