Election administration in Vermont
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Election administration encompasses a state's voting policies, procedures, and enforcement. These include voter identification requirements, early and absentee/mail-in voting provisions, voter list maintenance methods, and more. Each state's voting policies dictate who can vote and under what conditions.
Below, you will find details on the following election administration topics in Vermont:
Poll times
- See also: State poll opening and closing times
In Vermont, polls may open as early as 5 a.m. and all polls must open by 10 a.m. All polls close at 7 p.m. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.[2]
Voter registration
- Check your voter registration status here.
A United States citizen and state resident who is at least 18 years of age may register to vote in Vermont. The registrant must take the "Voter's Oath," which is included on the voter registration form.[3][4]
According to the secretary of state's website, "Beginning January 1, 2017, eligible persons may register to vote on any day up to and including the day of the election. Registration is available during all normal business hours of your town or city clerk's office on days preceding the election and during polling hours on Election Day."[3]
Automatic registration
- See also: Automatic voter registration
Vermont automatically registers eligible individuals to vote through the Department of Motor Vehicles. An eligible voter may decline automatic registration.[4]
Online registration
- See also: Online voter registration
Vermont has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.
Same-day registration
- See also: Same-day voter registration
Vermont allows same-day voter registration.[3]
Residency requirements
To register to vote in Vermont, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify a length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible.[3]
Verification of citizenship
Vermont does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual applying to register to vote must attest that they are a U.S. citizen under penalty of perjury.
As of November 2025, Burlington, Vermont had authorized noncitizen residents to vote in local board elections. Noncitizens must register to vote using a separate application from the state voter registration application.[5]
All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.[6] Seven states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming — have laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration, whether in effect or not. One state, Ohio, requires proof of citizenship only when registering to vote at a Bureau of Motor Vehicles facility. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allows noncitizens to vote in some local elections. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.
Verifying your registration
The Vermont Voter Portal, run by the Vermont Secretary of State office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online.
Early and absentee/mail-in voting policy
Early voting
- See also: Early voting
Vermont permits early voting. Learn more by visiting this website.
Early voting permits citizens to cast ballots in person at a polling place prior to an election. In states that permit no-excuse early voting, a voter does not have to provide an excuse for being unable to vote on Election Day. States that allow voters to cast no-excuse absentee/mail-in ballots in person are counted as no-excuse early voting states.
Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia permit no-excuse early voting.
Absentee/mail-in voting
- See also: Absentee/mail-in voting
Vermont is an all-mail voting state. All voters are eligible to vote absentee/by mail in Vermont. There are no special eligibility requirements for voting absentee/by mail.[7]
In general elections, the office of the secretary of state delivers mail-in ballots automatically to all active voters. For primary elections, or if a voter needs to request a replacement ballot in a general election, voters must submit an application to their town clerk by 5 p.m. on the day before the election.[7]
A completed absentee ballot must be returned to the town clerk before the close of business on the day before the election or to the polling place before 7 p.m. on Election Day.[7]
All states allow for some form of absentee/mail-in voting. Seven states and the District of Columbia had automatic mail-in ballot systems that mandate that all eligible voters receive an absentee/mail ballot by default. An eighth state, Vermont, had such a system for general elections only.
Twenty-eight states allow any eligible voter to cast an absentee/mail-in ballot. The remaining 14 states required voters to provide an excuse to receive and cast an absentee/mail ballot. Acceptable excuses vary by state.
Returning absentee/mail-in ballots
A completed absentee ballot must be returned to the town clerk before the close of business on the day before the election or to the polling place before 7 p.m. on Election Day. The ballot must be sealed inside the provided return envelope. Voters can authorize anyone to return their ballot for them, but not individual may return more than 25 voted ballots unless they are a justice of the peace or do so as part of their duties as an election official.[7][8] Twenty states allow anyone chosen by the voter to return a ballot on the voter's behalf, with certain exceptions, while 16 states allow anyone with certain relationships to the voter to return the voter's ballot. Four states allow only the voter to return the voter's ballot, with certain exceptions, and two states required voters to return their ballots by mail. Eight states and D.C. do not specify who may return ballots.
Drop box availability
Vermont state law provides for the use of ballot drop boxes, but does not require election officials to establish them. State law stipulates security standards for drop boxes, including 24-hour video surveillance. State law says:[9]
|
Signature requirements and cure provisions
Absentee ballots in Vermont include a return envelope with a certificate on the outside that must be signed by the voter. If the certificate is not signed or is found to be insufficient, the ballot will not be counted.[8]
Vermont law includes a cure provision, or a law allowing voters to correct an issue with the signature on their absentee/mail-in ballot. Election officials are required by law to notify the voter about issues with their ballot within three days of a clerk receiving a ballot. If a ballot is rejected within five business days of the election, election officials must attempt to contact the voter using any contact information available through the voter checklist. Election officials must include instructions to correct the issue when they notify or contact a voter. Voters have until the close of polls on the Election Day the election to correct the issue and have their ballot counted.[7][11]
Thirty-three states have laws that include cure provisions, while 17 states do not. One state, Pennsylvania, allows counties to establish a cure process.
Was your absentee/mail-in ballot counted?
Voters can use the online Vermont Voter Portal tool provided by the Vermont Secretary of State to check the status of their absentee ballot or application.
Voter identification requirements
- See also: Voter ID in Vermont
- See also: Voter identification laws by state
Vermont does not require voters to present identification while voting in most cases.
The federal Help America Vote Act requires that individuals in all 50 states who register to vote by mail and who have not voted previously in a federal election in their state must provide either their driver's license or a paycheck, bank statement, current utility bill, or government document showing their name and address. Individuals voting by mail must include a copy of one of those documents with their absentee/mail-in ballot.[12]
These requirements do not apply if an individual submitted a copy of their identification, their driver's license number or the last four digits of their Social Security number when registering to vote. The following list of accepted ID was current as of October 2025. Click here for the Vermont Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.
- Valid photo ID (driver’s license or passport)
- Current utility bill
- Current bank statement
- Another government document containing your residential address
Thirty-six states require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day. Of these states, 24 require voters to present identification containing a photograph, and 12 accept other forms of identification. The remaining 14 states do not require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day.
Valid forms of identification differ by state. In certain states that require voters to provide identification, there may be exceptions that allow some voters to cast a ballot without providing an ID. To see more about these exceptions, see details by state. Commonly accepted forms of ID include driver's licenses, state-issued identification cards, and military identification cards.
Provisional ballot rules
According to the secretary of state's website, "Use of provisional ballots in Vermont is very rare. ... It is only used if a person demanding to vote at the polling place is not on the checklist and the voter cannot affirm they registered to vote by the deadline."[13]
A provisional ballot is counted if the clerk determines that the voter is a United States citizen, resident of Vermont, has taken the voter's oath, and is at least 18 years old.[14]
Primary election type
- See also: Primary elections in Vermont
A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Vermont utilizes an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[15]
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Time off work for voting
Ballotpedia did not find a law specifying whether voters must be given time off from work to vote in this state. Nolo.com notes that states without such state laws may have administrative regulations or local ordinances pertaining to time off for voting and suggests calling your local board of elections or state labor department for more information.[16]
If you know of a relevant policy in this state, please email us.
Twenty-eight states require employers to grant employees time off to vote. Within these 28 states, policies vary as to whether that time off must be paid and how much notice must be given.
Electioneering
Vermont state law restricts certain activities within buildings that contain polling places and on "the walks and driveways leading to a building in which a polling place is located."[17] Prohibited activities include the display of campaign literature, clothing, or other materials that have the name of a candidate or party on the ballot.[17]
Voting rules for people convicted of a felony
In Vermont, people convicted of a felony do not lose their franchise and may register to vote in the town or city in which they lived before their incarceration if incarceration is a part of their sentence.[18]
Voting rights for people convicted of a felony vary from state to state. In the majority of states, people convicted of a felony cannot vote while they are incarcerated but may regain the right to vote upon release from prison or at some point thereafter.[19]
Voter list maintenance
All states have rules under which they maintain voter rolls—or, check and remove certain names from their lists of registered voters. Most states are subject to the parameters set by The National Voter Registration Act (NVRA).[20] The NVRA requires states to make efforts to remove deceased individuals and individuals who have become ineligible due to a change of address. It prohibits removing registrants from voter lists within 90 days of a federal election due to change of address unless a registrant has requested to be removed, or from removing people from voter lists solely because they have not voted. The NVRA says that states may remove names from their registration lists under certain other circumstances and that their methods for removing names must be uniform and nondiscriminatory.[21]
When names can be removed from the voter list
Vermont law authorizes election officials to remove the names of voters from the registered voting list if an individual:[22]
- confirms in writing that they moved outside of their voting jurisdiction
- is determined to have moved outside of their voting jurisdiction
- requests in writing to be removed
- dies
- does not respond to a confirmation notice, vote, or update their registration status through two consecutive general elections after the date on which officials sent the notice.
In addition to routine list maintenance, state law requires officials in each town to systematically review their voter checklist in each odd-numbered year. State law says that "by September 15 of each odd-numbered year the [town's] board of civil authority shall review the most recent checklist name by name and consider, for each person whose name appears on the checklist, whether that person is still qualified to vote."[22]
State law also requires the secretary of state to maintain a statewide voter checklist and to "make reasonable efforts on an ongoing basis to compare the information on the checklist with data or information contained in any State agency’s database, a database administered by the federal government, or any database of another state or consortium of states, where possible, in an effort to maintain the accuracy and currency of the checklist."[23]
Inactive voter list rules
If election officials determine that a voter may no longer be eligible to vote in their jurisdiction, they are to send the voter a notice and a request to update their status. If the voter fails to respond to the notice, they are to be listed as inactive. If the voter remains in inactive status through the next two general elections, their registration is to be canceled.
State law says:[24]
| “ | The inactive section shall include only those voters who have failed to respond to the notice sent pursuant to subdivision 2150(d)(3) of this title. The active and inactive designations are for recordkeeping purposes only, and shall have no bearing on voting eligibility.[10] | ” |
The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)
According to its website, ERIC is a nonprofit corporation that is governed by a board of member-states. These member states submit voter registration and motor vehicle registration information to ERIC. ERIC uses this information, as well as Social Security death records and other sources, to provide member states with reports showing voters who have moved within their state, moved out of their state, died, have duplicate registrations in their state, or are potentially eligible to vote but are not yet registered. ERIC's website describes its funding as follows: "Members fund ERIC. New members pay a one-time membership fee of $25,000, which is reserved for technology upgrades and other unanticipated expenses. Members also pay annual dues. Annual dues cover operating costs and are based, in part, on the citizen voting age population in each state."[25]
Twenty-five states are participating members in the ERIC program. Thirty-four states and the District of Columbia have joined and participated in ERIC at some point.[26]
As of November 2025, Vermont was participating in the ERIC program.
Post-election auditing
Vermont state law requires post-election audits. The secretary of state determines the exact procedures for conducting the audit. Both electronic and hand count auditing is part of the process. The audit must be completed within 30 days of the election.[27][28][29]
Post-election audits check that election results tallied by a state's voting system match results from paper records, such as paper ballots filled out by voters or the paper records produced by electronic voting machines. Post-election audits are classified into two categories: audits of election results—which include traditional post-election audits as well as risk-limiting audits—and procedural audits.[30][31]
Typically, traditional post-election audits are done by recounting a portion of ballots, either electronically or by hand, and comparing the results to those produced by the state's voting system. In contrast, risk-limiting audits use statistical methods to compare a random sample of votes cast to election results instead of reviewing every ballot. The scope of procedural audits varies by state, but they typically include a systematic review of voting equipment, performance of the voting system, vote totals, duties of election officials and workers, ballot chain of custody, and more.
Forty-six states and the District of Columbia require some form of post-election audit by law, excluding states with pilot programs. Of these, 39 states and the District of Columbia require traditional post-election audits, while three states require risk-limiting post-election audits, and three states require some other form of post-election audit, including procedural post-election audits.[32][30]
Election administration authorities
State election officials
In Vermont, the secretary of state is the chief election official.[33] There is no state board of elections or equivalent authority. The secretary of state is elected by popular vote every two years.
According to the secretary of state's website:[34]
| “ | The Elections Division guides the administration of Vermont’s elections, works to protect the integrity of the democratic process, assists in the registration of voters, oversees campaign finance reporting, and implements Vermont’s lobbyist disclosure laws. Elections in Vermont are administered at the local level. The Elections Division works closely with Town, City and County clerks across Vermont to ensure the smooth administration of Vermont's local, state, and federal elections. The Elections Division provides guidance on the election law, provides supplies that are fundamental to carrying out elections, and is a resource before and on election day to help election officials with any emergencies or routine questions that may arise.[10] |
” |
Local election officials
Do you need information about elections in your area? Are you looking for your local election official? Click here to visit the U.S. Vote Foundation and use their election official lookup tool. |
Noteworthy events
Law required state to mail ballots to all active voters (2021)
On June 7, 2021, Governor Phil Scott (R) signed SB15 into law, enacting a series of changes to the state's election administration laws, including (but not limited to) the following:[35]
- Requiring the secretary of state to deliver mail-in ballots to all active voters in every general election.
- Authorizing the use of secure ballot drop boxes for the return of voted mail-in ballots.
- Authorizing the use of outdoor polling places.
- Authorizing the use of drive-up/drive-through voting (defined as procedures that "enable voters to complete the voting process without leaving their vehicle").
Upon signing the bill into law, Scott said, "I’m signing this bill because I believe making sure voting is easy and accessible, and increasing voter participation, is important. Having said that, we should not limit this expansion of access to general elections alone, which already have the highest voter turnout. For greater consistency and to expand access further, I am asking the General Assembly to extend the provisions of this bill to primary elections, local elections and school budget votes when they return to session in January."[36]
Enactment of SB15 made Vermont the sixth state to establish a program whereby election authorities sent mail-in ballots automatically to all active voters in select elections.[37]
Election policy ballot measures
Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measures relating to election and campaign policy in Vermont.
- Vermont End the Residency Requirement to Vote Amendment (1974)
- Vermont Manner of Electing the Vermont Secretary of State (1883)
- Vermont Direct Primary Act (1916)
- Vermont Primary Elections Act (1914)
- Vermont Voting Age Amendment, Proposal 5 (2010)
- Vermont Statewide Referendum: Primary Elections Question 1 (1914)
- Vermont Statewide Referendum: Primary Elections Question 2 (1914)
- Vermont Statewide Referendum: The Direct Primary (1916)
The table below lists bills related to election administration that have been introduced during (or carried over to) the current legislative session in Vermont. The following information is included for each bill:
- State
- Bill number
- Official bill name or caption
- Most recent action date
- Legislative status
- Sponsor party
- Topics dealt with by the bill
Bills are organized by most recent action. The table displays up to 100 results. To view more bills, use the arrows in the upper-right corner. Clicking on a bill will open its page on Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, which includes bill details and a summary.
Explore election legislation with Ballotpedia
Try Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation TrackerBallotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker provides daily updates on legislative activity related to election policy in all 50 states.
Our election policy experts translate complex bill text into easy-to-understand summaries. And because it's from Ballotpedia, our legislation tracker is guaranteed to be neutral, unbiased, and nonpartisan.
Read Ballotpedia's State of Election Administration Legislation ReportsBallotpedia publishes regular analysis of election administration legislation, including three full reports per year, providing ongoing coverage of legislative activity affecting election policy in each state.
These reports deliver insights into partisan priorities, dive deep into notable trends, and highlight activity in key states.
Subscribe to The Ballot BulletinThe Ballot Bulletin is a weekly email that delivers the latest updates on election policy.
The newsletter tracks developments in election policy around the country, including legislative activity, big-picture trends, and recent news. Each email contains in-depth data from our Election Administration Legislation Tracker.
Ballot access
In order to get on the ballot in Vermont, a candidate for state or federal office must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements well in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.
There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for office in a state.
- An individual can seek the nomination of a state-recognized political party.
- An individual can run as an independent. Independent candidates often must petition in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.
- An individual can run as a write-in candidate.
This article outlines the steps that prospective candidates for state-level and congressional office must take in order to run for office in Vermont. For information about filing requirements for presidential candidates, click here. Information about filing requirements for local-level offices is not available in this article (contact state election agencies for information about local candidate filing processes).
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in Vermont
Redistricting is the process by which new congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. Vermont's one United States Representative and 180 state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. United States Senators are not elected by districts, but by the states at large. District lines are redrawn every 10 years following completion of the United States census. The federal government stipulates that districts must have nearly equal populations and must not discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity.[38][39][40][41]
Vermont was apportioned one seat in the U.S. House of Representatives after the 2020 census, the same number it received after the 2010 census. Click here for more information about redistricting in Vermont after the 2020 census.
State process
- See also: State-by-state redistricting procedures
Because Vermont has only one congressional district, congressional redistricting is not necessary. The state legislature draws state legislative district lines with the assistance of an advisory commission. This advisory commission consists of the following members:[42]
- The governor appoints one member each from the state's political parties. To qualify for consideration in this context, a political party must have had "at least three state legislators for six of the previous 10 years."
- The chairs of the aforementioned political parties each appoint an additional member.
- The chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court appoints the commission's chair.
Commissioners cannot be legislators, nor can they be employed by the legislature. The commission may make recommendations to the legislature, but these recommendations are non-binding.[42]
State law requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and compact and that they "adhere to county and other political subdivision boundaries, except where necessary to comply with other legal requirements." In addition, state statutes specify that districts should account for "patterns of geography, social interaction, trade, political ties, and common interests."[42]
Contact information
Election agencies
- See also: State election agencies
Individuals seeking additional information about election administration in Vermont can contact the following local, state, and federal agencies.
Vermont Town Clerks
Vermont Secretary of State, Elections Division
- 128 State Street
- Montpelier, Vermont 05633-1101
- Phone: 802-828-2363
- Email: https://sos.vermont.gov/elections/about/contact/
- Website: https://sos.vermont.gov/elections/
U.S. Election Assistance Commission
- 633 3rd Street NW, Suite 200
- Washington, DC 20001
- Phone: 301-563-3919
- Toll free: 1-866-747-1471
- Email: clearinghouse@eac.gov
- Website: https://www.eac.gov
Ballotpedia's election coverage
- United States Senate Democratic Party primaries, 2026
- United States House Democratic Party primaries, 2026
- Democratic Party gubernatorial primaries, 2026
- Democratic Party Secretary of State primaries, 2026
- Democratic Party Attorney General primaries, 2026
- State legislative Democratic primaries, 2026
- United States Senate Republican Party primaries, 2026
- United States House Republican Party primaries, 2026
- Republican Party gubernatorial primaries, 2026
- Republican Party Secretary of State primaries, 2026
- Republican Party Attorney General primaries, 2026
- State legislative Republican primaries, 2026
See also
- Election laws and legislation in Vermont
- State of Election Administration Legislation Reports
- Factors affecting the speed of ballot counting and delivery of unofficial election results
- Voting in Vermont
- Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Vermont
- Redistricting in Vermont
Elections in Vermont
- Vermont elections, 2025
- Vermont elections, 2024
- Vermont elections, 2023
- Vermont elections, 2022
- Vermont elections, 2021
- Vermont elections, 2020
- Vermont elections, 2019
- Vermont elections, 2018
- Vermont elections, 2017
- Vermont elections, 2016
- Vermont elections, 2015
- Vermont elections, 2014
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ We use the term "absentee/mail-in voting" to describe systems in which requests or applications are required. We use the term "all-mail voting" to denote systems where the ballots themselves are sent automatically to all voters. We use the hyphenate term for absentee voting because some states use “mail voting” (or a similar alternative) to describe what has traditionally been called "absentee voting."
- ↑ Vermont State Legislature, “17 V.S.A. § 2561,” accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vermont Secretary of State, "Voter Registration," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Vermont Secretary of State, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ City of Burlington, Vermont, "City of Burlington All Legal Resident Voter Registration Form," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Vermont Secretary of State, "Early & Absentee Voting," accessed November 20, 2025 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "absenteevt" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2543," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2543a," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2546," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Congress, "H.R.3295 - Help America Vote Act of 2002," accessed September 30, 2025
- ↑ Vermont Secretary of State, "Election Day FAQs," accessed October 9, 2025
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Provisional Ballots," accessed November 4, 2025
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2363," accessed September 16, 2025
- ↑ NOLO, "Taking Time Off to Vote," accessed October 28, 2025
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2508," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Vermont Secretary of State, "Voter Registration Frequently Asked Questions," accessed Novemver 20, 2025
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Restoration of Voting Rights for Felons," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ As of May 2024, the Justice Department notes, "Six States (Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) are exempt from the NVRA because, on and after August 1, 1994, they either had no voter-registration requirements or had election-day voter registration at polling places with respect to elections for federal office."
- ↑ The United States Department of Justice, "The National Voter Registration Act of 1993," accessed May 29, 2024
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2150," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2154," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2142," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ ERIC, "FAQ," accessed May 29, 2024
- ↑ ERIC, "Who We Are," accessed May 29, 2024
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2493," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2493," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2588," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 National Conference of State Legislatures, "Post-Election Audits," accessed July 2, 2025
- ↑ Election Assistance Commission, "Election Audits Across the United States," accessed July 2, 2025
- ↑ Ballotpedia research conducted in October 2024, researching and analyzing various state websites and codes.
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 2103," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Vermont Secretary of State, "About the Elections Division," accessed November 20, 2025
- ↑ Vermont General Assembly, "S.15," accessed June 8, 2021
- ↑ Office of the Governor of Vermont, "ACTION TAKEN BY GOVERNOR PHIL SCOTT ON LEGISLATION - JUNE 7, 2021," June 7, 2021
- ↑ The Hill, "Vermont governor signs mail-in voting bill," June 8, 2021
- ↑ All About Redistricting, "Why does it matter?" accessed April 8, 2015
- ↑ Indy Week, "Cracked, stacked and packed: Initial redistricting maps met with skepticism and dismay," June 29, 2011
- ↑ The Atlantic, "How the Voting Rights Act Hurts Democrats and Minorities," June 17, 2013
- ↑ Redrawing the Lines, "The Role of Section 2 - Majority Minority Districts," accessed April 6, 2015
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 All About Redistricting, "Vermont," accessed April 22, 2015
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