Election results, 2025: State legislative seats that changed party control

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Elections by state

As a result of the Nov. 4, 2025, elections, the partisan composition of the 180 state legislative seats up for election changed by 10 percentage points. That is compared to a one percentage point shift following the 2023 elections.

  • Democrats had a net gain of 18 seats, representing 10% of the 180 seats.
  • Republicans had a net loss of 18 seats, representing 10% of the 180 seats.

In 2023, the partisan composition changed 1.1 percentage points toward Democrats, with Democrats gaining six seats, Republicans losing three seats, and Independents and minor party officeholders losing three seats. Sixteen seats (7.3%) changed party control in 2021.

Of the two states that held regularly scheduled general elections on Nov. 4, Democrats had net gains in two states, and Republicans lost seats in both states. The table below shows net gains by percentage of the legislature gained:

Seats gained % of legislature
Democrats gained in both states
New Jersey 5 4.2%
Virginia 13 9.3%

Map

The map below shows the two states that held elections on Nov. 4 based on whether Democrats, Republicans, or independent or minor party candidates gained seats in the legislature. Hover over each state for more information, including the number of seats, the percentage of the legislature, and before and after looks at partisan control.

Partisan changes by state

Use the tabs below to view state-specific information for entire legislatures or by chamber.

The "Numerical change" view shows the number of seats held and changes before and after Nov. 5. The "Percentage change" view shows the percentage of seats held and change in that percentage before and after Nov. 5.

Methodology

Regularly-scheduled elections

Two states held regularly-scheduled state legislative elections in at least one chamber in 2025. All seats in the New Jersey General Assembly and Virginia House of Delegates were up for election. Neither state held senate elections.

When comparing the overall partisan composition of all state legislative seats, all chambers—including those that did not hold regularly-scheduled elections—are included.

When comparing the two states that held regularly-scheduled elections in 2025, the partisan composition of all chambers—including those that did not hold regularly-scheduled elections—is included.

Vacancies

For the purpose of this analysis, vacant seats before and after the election were categorized as being held by the party that most recently held the seat. There was one vacant seat leading into the Nov. 5 elections, and it was previously held by a Republican.

Analysis of state elections

See also: Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2025
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See also: State legislative elections, 2025


As of December 9th, 2025, Republicans controlled 55.32% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.47%. Republicans held a majority in 57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.

Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats
Legislative chamber Democratic Party Republican Party Grey.png Other Vacant
State senates 827 1,120 6 20
State houses 2,384 2,966 21 42
Total: 3,211

4,086

27

62


More related analysis

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2025 state legislative elections.


See also

Footnotes

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