Florida Amendment 1, Homestead Exemption Increase Amendment (2018)

Elections in Florida, 2018

• General election: Nov. 6
• Voter registration deadline: Oct. 9
• Early voting: Oct. 27 - Nov. 3
• Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6

• Online registration: Yes
• Same-day registration: No
• Voter ID: Photo ID required
• Poll times: 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.

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Florida Amendment 1
Election date November 6, 2018
Topic Taxes and Property
Status d Defeated
Type Constitutional amendment	Origin State legislature
List of Florida measuresFlorida Amendment 1Florida Amendment 2Florida Amendment 3Florida Amendment 4Florida Amendment 5Florida Amendment 6Florida Amendment 7Florida Amendment 9Florida Amendment 10Florida Amendment 11Florida Amendment 12Florida Amendment 13Submit

Florida Amendment 1, the Homestead Exemption Increase Amendment, was on the ballot in Florida as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on November 6, 2018. It was defeated.

A "yes" vote supported exempting the portion of assessed home values between $100,000 and $125,000 from property taxes other than school taxes, bringing the maximum homestead exemption up to $75,000.

A "no" vote opposed exempting the portion of assessed home values between $100,000 and $125,000 from property taxes other than school taxes, keeping the maximum homestead exemption at $50,000.

Supermajority requirement: A 60 percent supermajority vote was required for the approval of Amendment 1.

Election results

Florida Amendment 1
Result		Votes	Percentage
Yes		4,560,689	58.06%
No		3,293,857	41.94%

Results are officially certified.

Source

Overview

Amendment design

Amendment 1 was designed to provide for a homestead exemption on the portion of assessed home values between $100,000 and $125,000, meaning the $25,000 between $100,000 and $125,000 of a home's value would be exempted from property taxes other than school district taxes. As of 2018, Section 6(a) of Article VII of the Florida Constitution provided for a homestead exemption on the portion of assessed home values between (a) $0 and $25,000 and (b) $50,000 and $75,000. Approval of Amendment 1 would have meant that the homestead exemption for a home assessed at a value of $200,000 would have been $75,000. Rejection of Amendment 1 meant that the homestead exemption for a home assessed at a value of $200,000 will remain at $50,000.

Text of measure

Ballot title

The ballot title was as follows:

“

INCREASED HOMESTEAD PROPERTY TAX EXEMPTION.

”

Ballot summary

The ballot summary was as follows:

“

Proposing an amendment to the State Constitution to increase the homestead exemption by exempting the assessed valuation of homestead property greater than $100,000 and up to $125,000 for all levies other than school district levies. The amendment shall take effect January 1, 2019.

”

Constitutional changes

See also: Article VII, Florida Constitution

The measure would have amended Section 6(a) of Article VII of the Florida Constitution. The measure would have also added a section to the Florida Constitution's Article XII Schedule. The following underlined text would have been added, and struck-through text would have been deleted:

Note: Hover over the text and scroll to see the full text.

ARTICLE VII FINANCE AND TAXATION

SECTION 6. Homestead exemptions.—

(a) Every person who has the legal or equitable title to real estate and maintains thereon the permanent residence of the owner, or another legally or naturally dependent upon the owner, shall be exempt from taxation thereon, except assessments for special benefits, up to the assessed valuation of twenty-five thousand dollars and, for all levies other than school district levies, on the assessed valuation greater than fifty thousand dollars and up to seventy-five thousand dollars, and on the assessed valuation greater than one hundred thousand dollars and up to one hundred twenty-five thousand dollars, upon establishment of right thereto in the manner prescribed by law. The real estate may be held by legal or equitable title, by the entireties, jointly, in common, as a condominium, or indirectly by stock ownership or membership representing the owner's or member's proprietary interest in a corporation owning a fee or a leasehold initially in excess of ninety-eight years. The exemption shall not apply with respect to any assessment roll until such roll is first determined to be in compliance with the provisions of section 4 by a state agency designated by general law. This exemption is repealed on the effective date of any amendment to this Article which provides for the assessment of homestead property at less than just value.

ARTICLE XII SCHEDULE

SECTION 37. Increased homestead exemption.—

SECTION 37. Increased homestead exemption.—This section and the amendment to Section 6 of Article VII increasing the homestead exemption by exempting the assessed valuation of homestead property greater than $100,000 and up to $125,000 for all levies other than school district levies shall take effect January 1, 2019.

Readability score

See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2018

Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The state legislature wrote the ballot language for this measure. The FKGL for the ballot title is grade level 17, and the FRE is -18.2. The word count for the ballot title is 5, and the estimated reading time is 1 second. The FKGL for the ballot summary is grade level 13.5, and the FRE is 33. The word count for the ballot summary is 39, and the estimated reading time is 10 seconds. In 2018, for the 167 statewide measures on the ballot, the average ballot title or question was written at a level appropriate for those with between 19 and 20 years of U.S. formal education (graduate school-level of education), according to the FKGL formula. Read Ballotpedia's entire 2018 ballot language readability report here.

Support

Supporters

• Florida State Sen. Tom Lee (R-20)
• Republican Party of Palm Beach County
• Florida Family Policy Council

Arguments

• Florida State Sen. Tom Lee (R-20), who voted yes on the bill in the Senate, said, "Making homes more affordable, we’re going to allow people to move from rental units back into homes. And in doing so, it’s going to give us the ability to generate revenue for doc stamps, the tangible tax and a whole host of other things that go along with home ownership.”

Opposition

Opponents

• The Florida League of Cities, which describes itself as "the united voice for Florida’s municipal governments ... to serve the needs of Florida's cities and promote local self-government."
• The Florida City and County Management Association
• League of Women Voters of Florida
• Florida Policy Institute
• Progress Florida
• Florida Education Association
• Florida Association of Counties
• Democratic Progressive Caucus of Florida
• Florida Association of Counties
• Tampa Bay Young Republicans

Arguments

• The League of Women Voters of Florida stated, "The League has a position that no tax sources or revenue should be specified, limited, exempted, or prohibited in the Constitution."

• Putnam County Property Appraiser Tim Parker said "It’s kind of estimated that about 50 percent of the state would benefit from it. But remember, when someone benefits, someone has to pick up the tab."

Florida League of Cities made the following arguments:

“

Amendment 1 Picks Winners and Losers With Amendment 1, most benefits go to only a handful of homeowners. That's not fair. Florida's tax system should work for all homeowners, across the board-not just a few. Amendment 1 Means Higher Taxes for Millions of Floridians Amendment 1 isn't what it seems. The politicians call it a tax break, but it's really a tax SHIFT that will leave millions of hardworking homeowners with a bigger share of the property tax burden. Amendment 1 Doesn't Fix Florida's Tax System -- It Makes it Worse Florida's property tax system is a complicated mess and Amendment 1 makes it worse, more complicated and less fair-shifting a bigger burden onto small business owners, manufacturers and working families.

”

Campaign advertisements

The following video was released by the Florida League of Cities:

Title: "Amendment 1 :What You Need to Know"

Media editorials

Support

Ballotpedia did not identify any media editorials in support of Amendment 1. If you are aware of one, please send an email with a link to editor@ballotpedia.org.

Opposition

• The News-Press said: "No on Amendment 1: On the surface, this looks like a good amendment for the property owner. It offers a third property tax exemption of $25,000 for homes assessed at more than $100,000. That would exempt the value between $100,000 and $125,000 of a home that serves as the owner's primary residence. It could cut an average home owner's property taxes about $300 a year. But the negatives outweigh the potential benefits. About 40 percent of the homes in Florida are not eligible for the extra exemption because their assessed value is less than $100,000. The exemption also will mean much less revenue for local governments. Lee County government, for example, would lose approximately $11.9 million in revenue each fiscal year based on current assessed values. That kind of hit could result in property tax rates climbing in future years to cover the loss of revenue and key services and programs that residents rely on, including public safety, could face cuts to make up for deficits."

• Sun Sentinel said, "Florida lawmakers want to put a couple hundred dollars back in the pockets of homeowners. The money will be tempting to take. But given the big public problems facing our state, you'd be wise to resist this election-year gimmick."

• Tampa Bay Times said, "That would exacerbate the inequities in Florida's tax code and cost millions that local governments need for basic services such as parks, libraries and public safety. ... This constitutional amendment is unnecessary, and it is nothing more than an attempt to curry election-year favor with voters."

• The Naples Daily News said: "We recommend rejecting the amendment because there are numerous recent local examples that show property owners aren’t really concerned about current property taxes."

• The Tallahassee Democrat said: "Amendments 1 and 2 are a couple of tax proposals sponsored by the Legislature, because who doesn’t like tax cuts? The latter is preferable to the former, but neither rise to constitutional amendment worthiness."

• Your Observer said: "It sounds counterintuitive to vote against a measure that lowers the tax burden, thus increasing freedom. But this is one of those double-edged amendments: It’s a subsidy for some at the expense of others. If lawmakers want to cut taxes, cut them for all. This measure puts more restraints on local governments’ revenue and shifts more funding and taxing power to the state — a bad move. We recommend: Vote no."

• The Treasure Coast Newspapers said: "Florida already offers generous homestead exemptions totaling $50,000 for property owners who make their full-time residence here. Adding another $25,000 exemption would put pressure on local governments to cut services or raise property tax rates to make up for lost revenue."

Additional editorial endorsements

In addition to the above editorial endorsements, the following outlets have also endorsed a no vote on the measure:

• The Florida Times-Union
• The Herald-Tribune
• The Daily Commercial
• The Independent Florida Alligator
• The Orlando Sentinel
• The Miami Herald

Campaign finance

See also: Campaign finance requirements for Florida ballot measures

Total campaign contributions:
Support:	$0.00
Opposition:	$0.00

Ballotpedia had not identified any ballot measure committees registered in support of the measure or in opposition to the measure. If you are aware of any committees registered in support of or in opposition to the measure, please email editor@ballotpedia.org.

Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

The following poll was conducted by Cherry Communications and commissioned by the Florida Chamber of Commerce to gauge voter support and opposition toward the amendments on Florida's 2018 ballot. A total of 605 likely voters were polled, including 237 Republicans, 249 Democrats, and 119 others.

Support and Opposition for Amendment 1
Poll	Support	Oppose	Undecided	Margin of error	Sample size
Florida Chamber of Commerce Poll 5/25/18 - 6/2/18	67%	22%	11%	+/-4.0	605
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.

Background

Homestead exemption

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Flordia's first homestead exemption was approved in 1934, when voters approved Amendment 2. The exemption was intended to help residents keep their homes during the Great Depression, according to Steve Bousquet, a reporter for the Miami Herald. Amendment 2 exempted the portion of home values between $0 and $5,000 for residents of Florida.

In 1980, the Democratic-controlled Florida State Legislature referred to the ballot Amendment 1, which increased the homestead exemption from $5,000 to $25,000. Democratic Gov. Bob Graham also promoted the ballot measure. According to the Associated Press, the increase resulted in a majority of homeowners in 20 of 67 counties, mostly located in northern Florida, not paying property taxes in 1981 because properties were assessed below the maximum exemption.

The homestead exemption for non-seniors remained the same until 2008, when voters approved a legislative referral also titled Amendment 1. Amendment 1 of 2008 exempted the portion of home values between $50,000 and $75,000 from property taxes. Between the 1980 amendment and the 2008 amendment, homeowners were eligible to receive a $50,000 exemption on their homes—the amount between $0 and $25,000 and the amount between $50,000 and $75,000.

Fiscally-constrained counties

As of 2018, the state constitution reserved the power to tax a property's value for local governments—such as counties, cities, school districts, and certain special districts—not the state government. Therefore, Amendment 1 of 2018 would impact the revenue of local governments, as these governments tax the value of properties and spend the revenue.

In Florida, counties that are considered fiscally-constrained counties—defined as rural counties and counties where a one mill levy would raise no more than $5 million annually—receive funds from the state government to offset decreases in revenue caused by certain homestead exemptions. House Bill 7107 (HB 7107), passed in 2017, would require the state legislature to provide funds to fiscally-constrained counties to offset decreases in property taxes caused by the passage of Amendment 1 of 2018. State fiscal analysis estimate that fiscally-constrained counties would have revenue loses around $10.5 million annually.

The following is a map of fiscally-constrained counties, as designated by the state for fiscal year 2016-2017:

Referred amendments on the ballot

From 1996 through 2016, the state legislature referred 38 constitutional amendments to the ballot. Voters approved 25 and rejected 13 of the referred amendments. All of the amendments were referred to the ballot for elections during even-numbered election years. The average number of amendments appearing on even-year ballots was between three and four. In 2016, three referred amendments were on the ballot. The approval rate of referred amendments at the ballot box was 65.8 percent during the 20-year period from 1996 through 2016. The rejection rate was 34.2 percent.

Legislatively-referred constitutional amendments, 1996-2016
Total number	Approved	Percent approved	Defeated	Percent defeated	Annual average	Annual median	Annual minimum	Annual maximum
38	25	65.79%	13	34.21%	3.45	3.00	0	11

Path to the ballot

See also: Amending the Florida Constitution

In Florida, a constitutional amendment must be passed by a 60 percent vote in each house of the state legislature during one legislative session.

The measure was introduced into the state legislature as House Joint Resolution 7105 (HJR 7105) on April 5, 2017. The Florida House of Representatives approved the amendment, 81 to 35 with four members not voting, on April 26, 2017.

The Florida Senate adopted an amendment to HJR 7105 on April 28, 2017. The amendment to the measure changed what portion of a home's value would be exempted. The original version of the measure increased the homestead exemption $25,000, which meant the exemption would have increased from $75,000 to $100,000 of a home's value. In other words, the amount between $50,000 and $100,000 of a home's value would have been exempted from property taxes other than school taxes. The amendment adopted by the Senate provided for a exemption on a home's value between $100,000 and $125,000. Therefore, a home valued at $150,000 would pay taxes on the amount between $25,000 and $50,000, the amount between $75,000 to $100,000, and the amount between $125,000 and $150,000. By making this change, the Senate decreased the estimated amount of municipal and county revenues that would be lost under the proposal by around $150 million. The original version of the bill would have decreased revenues by an estimated $750 million.

The Senate passed the amended ballot measure, 28 to 10 with one senator not voting, on May 1, 2017. One seat was vacant in the Senate at the time of the vote. As the Senate amended the bill, the House needed to approve the changes for the measure to be certified for the ballot.

On May 2, 2017, the Florida House of Representatives passed the amended version of the measure in a vote of 83 to 35 with two members not voting. The measure was sent for enrollment on the same day.

On May 5, 2017, the measure was enrolled with the secretary of state.

Vote in the Florida State Senate May 1, 2017
Requirement: Three-fifths (60 percent) vote of all members in each chamber
Number of yes votes required: 24  a
	Yes	No	Not voting
Total	28	10	1
Total percent	71.80%	25.64%	2.56%
Democrat	6	9	0
Republican	22	1	1

Vote in the Florida House of Representatives May 2, 2017
Requirement: Three-fifths (60 percent) vote of all members in each chamber
Number of yes votes required: 72  a
	Yes	No	Not voting
Total	83	35	2
Total percent	69.17%	29.17%	1.67%
Democrat	12	29	0
Republican	71	6	2

How to cast a vote

See also: Voting in Florida

Poll times

In Florida, all polls are open from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. local time. Florida is divided between the Eastern and Central time zones. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.

Registration requirements

Check your voter registration status here.

To vote in Florida, one must be at least 18 years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a legal resident of Florida and the county in which he or she intends to vote. Pre-registration is available beginning at 16 years of age.

Voters may retrieve registration applications at the following locations:

• Local elections offices
• Public assistance agencies
• Disability services agencies
• Independent living centers
• Military recruitment offices
• Public libraries
• Drivers license office
• Tax collector's office
• The office of any entity authorized by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to issue fishing, hunting, or trapping permits

A registration form is also available online. The form can be printed and submitted via mail.

Click here to find your county Supervisor of Elections.

Automatic registration

Florida does not practice automatic voter registration.

Online registration

See also: Online voter registration

Florida has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.

Voters may also apply for or modify their voter registration status while renewing their driver's license through the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles’ online renewal system here.

Same-day registration

Florida does not allow same-day voter registration.

Residency requirements

To register to vote in Florida, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify a length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible.

Verification of citizenship

See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

Florida does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual must attest that they are a U.S. citizen when registering to vote. According to the state's voter registration application, "it is a 3rd degree felony to submit false information."

All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment. Seven states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming — have laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration, whether in effect or not. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allows noncitizens to vote in some local elections. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.

Verifying your registration

The page Voter Information Lookup, run by the Florida Department of State, allows residents to check their voter registration status online.

Voter ID requirements

Florida requires voters to present photo identification with a signature while voting.

The following list of accepted ID was current as of July 2024. Click here for the Florida Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.

• Florida driver’s license
• Florida identification card issued by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
• United States passport
• Debit or credit card
• Military identification
• Student identification
• Retirement center identification
• Neighborhood association identification
• Public assistance identification
• Veteran health identification card issued by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs
• License to carry a concealed weapon or firearm issued pursuant to s. 790.06
• Employee identification card issued by any branch, department, agency, or entity of the federal government, the state, a county, or a municipality

A voter who presents an ID without a signature must show a second form of identification that includes the voter’s signature.

State profile

Demographic data for Florida
	Florida	U.S.
Total population:	20,244,914	316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):	53,625	3,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:	76%	73.6%
Black/African American:	16.1%	12.6%
Asian:	2.6%	5.1%
Native American:	0.3%	0.8%
Pacific Islander:	0.1%	0.2%
Two or more:	2.4%	3%
Hispanic/Latino:	23.7%	17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:	86.9%	86.7%
College graduation rate:	27.3%	29.8%
Income
Median household income:	$47,507	$53,889
Persons below poverty level:	19.8%	11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Florida. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

Presidential voting pattern

See also: Presidential voting trends in Florida

Florida voted Republican in five out of the seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

Pivot Counties (2016)

Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, four are located in Florida, accounting for 1.94 percent of the total pivot counties.

Pivot Counties (2020)

In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Florida had three Retained Pivot Counties and one Boomerang Pivot County, accounting for 1.66 and 4.00 percent of all Retained and Boomerang Pivot Counties, respsectively.

More Florida coverage on Ballotpedia

• Elections in Florida
• United States congressional delegations from Florida
• Public policy in Florida
• Endorsers in Florida
• Florida fact checks
• More...

Related measures

Taxes measures on the ballot in 2018
State	Measures
Virginia	Virginia Question 1: Property Tax Exemption for Flood Abatement Amendment a
Nevada	Nevada Question 4: Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption Amendment a
Oregon	Oregon Measure 101: Healthcare Insurance Premiums Tax for Medicaid Referendum a
Georgia	Georgia Amendment 3, Forest Land Conservation and Timberland Properties Amendment a
Virginia	Virginia Question 2: Remove Restriction on Residence for Surviving Spouse of Disabled Veteran Tax Exemption Amendment a
Oklahoma	Oklahoma State Question 801: Allow Certain Voter-Approved Property Taxes to Fund School District Operations Amendment d
Maine	Maine Question 1: Payroll and Non-Wage Income Taxes for Home Care Program Initiative d
Georgia	Georgia Referendum A: Homestead Municipal Property Tax Exemption a
South Dakota	South Dakota Initiated Measure 25, Tobacco Tax Increase Initiative d
Washington	Washington Advisory Vote 19, Non-Binding Question on Oil Spill Tax Repeal d
Missouri	Missouri Proposition D: Gas Tax Increase, Olympic Prize Tax Exemption, and Traffic Reduction Fund Measure d
Georgia	Georgia Referendum B: Include Business-Financed Properties in Existing Non-Profit Mentally Disabled Housing Tax Exemption a
Louisiana	Louisiana Amendment 6: Phase-In of Tax Increases from Property Reappraisal Amendment a
Utah	Utah Constitutional Amendment B: Tax Exemption for Property Leased by a Government Entity d
Montana	Montana LR-128: Property Tax for State University System Measure a
Utah	Utah Nonbinding Opinion Question 1, 10 Cents per Gallon Gas Tax Increase for Education and Local Roads d
Arizona	Arizona Proposition 126: Prohibit New or Increased Taxes on Services Initiative a
Florida	Florida Amendment 5: Two-Thirds Vote of Legislature to Increase Taxes or Fees Amendment a
Colorado	Colorado Proposition 110, "Let's Go Colorado" Transportation Bond and Sales Tax Increase Initiative d
Colorado	Colorado Amendment 73, Establish Income Tax Brackets and Raise Taxes for Education Initiative d
Montana	Montana I-185, Extend Medicaid Expansion and Increase Tobacco Taxes Initiative d
California	California Proposition 72: Rainwater Capture Systems Excluded from Property Tax Assessments Amendment a
Florida	Florida Amendment 2: Permanent Cap on Nonhomestead Parcel Assessment Increases Amendment a
California	California Proposition 5: Property Tax Transfer Initiative d
Washington	Washington Initiative 1631, Carbon Emissions Fee Measure d
California	California Proposition 6: Vote on Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal Initiative d
Oregon	Oregon Measure 103: Ban Tax on Groceries Initiative d
Washington	Washington Initiative 1634: Prohibit Local Taxes on Groceries Measure a
Utah	Utah Constitutional Amendment A: Active Military Property Tax Exemption a
North Carolina	North Carolina Income Tax Cap Amendment a

See also

2018 measures

• 2018 ballot measures
• Taxes on the ballot
• Property on the ballot

Florida

• Florida ballot measures
• Florida ballot measure laws

News and analysis

• Ballot measure lawsuits
• Ballot measure readability
• Ballot measure polls

External links

• Florida County Property Appraisers tool to determine benefit from Amendment 1

Recent news

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Florida 2018 Homestead Exemption Amendment. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

Florida Amendment 1, Homestead Exemption Increase Amendment (2018) - Google News