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Higher education funding
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| Higher education |
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| Tuition statistics |
| Financial aid statistics |
| Retention rates |
| Graduation rates |
| Higher education funding |
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Higher education funding mechanisms differ depending on the type of institution. Public colleges receive the lion's share of their funding from state and local governments. According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, state and local appropriations accounted for 53 percent of higher education revenues nationwide in 2013. By contrast, private institutions do not receive direct government funding. Instead, these institutions rely primarily on tuition, gifts, and endowments.[1][2]
The 2008 recession led to decreased public higher education funding as college enrollment increased:
| “ | By 2012, the tuition revenues collected by public universities in 20 states covered more educational costs than did state-provided dollars.[3] | ” |
| —Texas Coalition for Excellence in Higher Education[4] | ||
While there have been moderate increases in state allocations between 2012 and 2015, the average amount of spending "is still 15 percent less, per student, than before the economic downturn," according to a study by the State Higher Education Executive Offices (SHEEO).[5]
Higher education funding by state
2015
In fiscal year 2015, California boasted the highest level of funding for public higher education at $11.6 billion. Meanwhile, Vermont's funding was the lowest in the nation at $91.6 million. The table below provides public higher education funding figures by state for fiscal years 2013, 2014, and 2015.[6]
| State funding for higher education | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Fiscal year 2013 | Fiscal year 2014 | Fiscal year 2015 | Percent change |
| Alabama | $1,406,898,493 | $1,441,862,304 | $1,465,539,719 | 4.2% |
| Alaska | $369,797,900 | $384,666,000 | $382,551,600 | 3.4% |
| Arizona | $843,251,300 | $880,468,000 | $915,770,300 | 8.6% |
| Arkansas | $1,015,018,606 | $1,001,496,233 | $991,527,821 | -2.3% |
| California | $9,577,505,000 | $10,535,904,000 | $11,688,629,379 | 22.0% |
| Colorado | $640,628,978 | $679,462,447 | $778,730,431 | 21.6% |
| Connecticut | $887,708,438 | $1,018,691,658 | $1,117,135,194 | 25.8% |
| Delaware | $216,492,700 | $227,606,200 | $226,594,100 | 4.7% |
| Florida | $3,338,709,070 | $3,925,291,451 | $4,226,714,318 | 26.6% |
| Georgia | $2,624,294,318 | $2,790,040,144 | $2,897,661,906 | 10.4% |
| Hawaii | $526,179,654 | $530,388,306 | $568,084,290 | 8.0% |
| Idaho | $360,070,800 | $374,642,100 | $401,454,400 | 11.5% |
| Illinois | $3,566,692,200 | $4,082,978,500 | $4,943,150,400 | 38.6% |
| Indiana | $1,550,123,889 | $1,695,683,480 | $1,681,133,009 | 8.5% |
| Iowa | $787,419,692 | $823,333,019 | $847,741,404 | 7.7% |
| Kansas | $795,346,375 | $771,121,325 | $803,124,160 | 1.0% |
| Kentucky | $1,187,665,803 | $1,194,881,285 | $1,171,138,600 | -1.4% |
| Louisiana | $1,174,061,988 | $1,125,250,832 | $1,131,183,764 | -3.7% |
| Maine | $265,872,234 | $271,864,121 | $272,245,555 | 2.4% |
| Maryland | $1,617,306,184 | $1,718,546,477 | $1,833,600,977 | 13.4% |
| Massachusetts | $1,255,182,474 | $1,342,072,529 | $1,462,827,301 | 16.5% |
| Michigan | $1,608,824,500 | $1,669,524,700 | $1,784,194,800 | 10.9% |
| Minnesota | $1,285,247,000 | $1,394,503,000 | $1,445,822,000 | 12.5% |
| Mississippi | $924,952,654 | $973,846,876 | $1,009,235,634 | 9.1% |
| Missouri | $931,239,665 | $954,236,519 | $1,032,061,214 | 10.8% |
| Montana | $202,187,817 | $226,961,354 | $240,959,102 | 19.2% |
| Nebraska | $659,571,367 | $688,173,035 | $717,198,058 | 8.7% |
| Nevada | $472,368,017 | $487,184,042 | $492,758,426 | 4.3% |
| New Hampshire | $85,622,352 | $109,000,000 | $123,155,000 | 43.8% |
| New Jersey | $1,888,439,000 | $1,990,469,000 | $2,070,674,000 | 9.7% |
| New Mexico | $832,616,879 | $856,215,012 | $899,300,036 | 8.0% |
| New York | $5,113,034,854 | $5,283,125,597 | $5,466,691,712 | 6.9% |
| North Carolina | $3,751,478,952 | $3,617,627,709 | $3,726,028,884 | -0.7% |
| North Dakota | $343,805,783 | $409,693,640 | $409,693,640 | 19.2% |
| Ohio | $2,050,123,177 | $2,104,931,061 | $2,133,970,812 | 4.1% |
| Oklahoma | $1,044,735,666 | $1,053,566,920 | $1,049,486,716 | 0.5% |
| Oregon | $580,701,607 | $631,121,950 | $694,391,073 | 19.6% |
| Pennsylvania | $1,632,655,000 | $1,644,692,000 | $1,658,992,000 | 1.6% |
| Rhode Island | $160,539,277 | $166,650,435 | $176,937,827 | 10.2% |
| South Carolina | $910,405,772 | $909,110,205 | $970,219,549 | 6.6% |
| South Dakota | $196,229,662 | $207,837,626 | $217,442,912 | 10.8% |
| Tennessee | $1,455,168,883 | $1,587,786,604 | $1,579,203,336 | 8.5% |
| Texas | $6,341,327,744 | $6,943,348,308 | $6,824,241,136 | 7.6% |
| Utah | $748,759,000 | $798,346,200 | $887,761,300 | 18.6% |
| Vermont | $89,340,755 | $92,686,200 | $91,637,327 | 2.6% |
| Virginia | $1,712,075,324 | $1,780,468,378 | $1,810,767,689 | 5.8% |
| Washington | $1,372,858,000 | $1,570,807,000 | $1,580,750,000 | 15.1% |
| West Virginia | $546,188,678 | $515,656,320 | $505,352,932 | -7.5% |
| Wisconsin | $1,163,226,571 | $1,114,018,800 | $1,194,317,083 | 2.7% |
| Wyoming | $383,533,411 | $352,669,707 | $373,838,466 | -2.5% |
| United States | $72,493,483,464 | $76,950,508,609 | $80,973,621,292 | 11.7% |
| Note: Dollar figures do not account for differences in the cost of living between states. Learn more here. Source: Grapevine, "Table 1: State Fiscal Support for Higher Education, by State, Fiscal Years 2009-10, 2012-13, 2013-14, and 2014-15" | ||||
2014
In fiscal year 2014, California boasted the highest level of funding for public higher education at $10.5 billion. Meanwhile, Vermont's funding was the lowest in the nation at $89.3 million. The table below provides public higher education funding figures by state for fiscal years 2013 and 2014. [7][8]
| Financial support for higher education by state, 2013 and 2014 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State | Fiscal year 2013 | Fiscal year 2014 | Percent change |
| Alabama | $1,406,898,493 | $1,440,862,304 | 2.41% |
| Alaska | $369,797,900 | $383,128,100 | 3.60% |
| Arizona | $843,251,300 | $873,005,600 | 3.53% |
| Arkansas | $866,653,625 | $851,971,705 | -1.69% |
| California | $9,577,505,000 | $10,535,904,000 | 10.01% |
| Colorado | $640,628,978 | $679,462,447 | 6.06% |
| Connecticut | $957,255,150 | $1,010,125,722 | 5.52% |
| Delaware | $216,492,700 | $227,606,200 | 5.13% |
| Florida | $3,338,709,070 | $3,927,204,407 | 17.63% |
| Georgia | $2,624,294,318 | $2,787,682,234 | 6.23% |
| Hawaii | $513,516,613 | $517,818,637 | 0.84% |
| Idaho | $360,070,800 | $374,642,100 | 4.05% |
| Illinois | $3,566,692,200 | $4,082,978,500 | 14.48% |
| Indiana | $1,555,282,625 | $1,701,417,328 | 9.40% |
| Iowa | $787,419,692 | $823,333,019 | 4.56% |
| Kansas | $795,346,375 | $771,121,325 | -3.05% |
| Kentucky | $1,187,656,103 | $1,180,322,100 | -0.62% |
| Louisiana | $1,174,061,988 | $1,119,337,996 | -4.66% |
| Maine | $265,872,234 | $271,053,573 | 1.95% |
| Maryland | $1,599,092,118 | $1,742,661,563 | 8.98% |
| Massachusetts | $985,123,807 | $1,091,894,342 | 10.84% |
| Michigan | $1,608,824,500 | $1,669,524,700 | 3.77% |
| Minnesota | $1,285,247,000 | $1,394,503,000 | 8.50% |
| Mississippi | $924,952,654 | $973,846,876 | 5.29% |
| Missouri | $942,816,225 | $967,122,534 | 2.58% |
| Montana | $202,187,817 | $226,961,354 | 12.25% |
| Nebraska | $659,571,367 | $688,173,035 | 4.34% |
| Nevada | $472,368,017 | $487,184,042 | 3.14% |
| New Hampshire | $85,622,352 | $109,000,000 | 27.30% |
| New Jersey | $1,888,439,000 | $1,990,469,000 | 5.40% |
| New Mexico | $831,998,223 | $871,115,913 | 4.70% |
| New York | $4,992,730,621 | $5,192,935,373 | 4.01% |
| North Carolina | $3,751,478,952 | $3,630,334,843 | -3.23% |
| North Dakota | $343,805,783 | $409,693,640 | 19.16% |
| Ohio | $2,050,123,177 | $2,096,295,591 | 2.25% |
| Oklahoma | $1,032,204,863 | $1,042,049,007 | 0.95% |
| Oregon | $580,701,607 | $631,121,950 | 8.68% |
| Pennsylvania | $1,792,655,000 | $1,770,967,000 | -1.21% |
| Rhode Island | $160,539,277 | $169,813,064 | 5.78% |
| South Carolina | $910,383,821 | $905,324,455 | -0.56% |
| South Dakota | $196,229,662 | $198,267,076 | 1.04% |
| Tennessee | $1,455,168,883 | $1,587,786,604 | 9.11% |
| Texas | $6,341,327,744 | $6,617,330,169 | 4.35% |
| Utah | $748,759,000 | $798,346,200 | 6.62% |
| Vermont | $89,340,755 | $92,315,902 | 3.33% |
| Virginia | $1,712,075,324 | $1,771,251,361 | 3.46% |
| Washington | $1,372,858,000 | $1,570,807,000 | 14.42% |
| West Virginia | $546,188,678 | $515,656,320 | -5.59% |
| Wisconsin | $1,163,226,571 | $1,114,018,800 | -4.23% |
| Wyoming | $383,533,411 | $352,419,041 | -8.11% |
| U.S. totals | $72,156,979,373 | $76,238,167,052 | 5.66% |
| Source: State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, "State Higher Education Finance: FY 2013" | |||
Per student funding by state
2014
According to the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, average adjusted public postsecondary appropriations per full-time student declined 13.3 percent from fiscal year 2009 to 2013 on average in the United States. The table below lists adjusted public higher education appropriations per full-time student by state in fiscal years 2009, 2013, and 2014.[9]
| Public higher education appropriations per full-time student (in constant 2014 dollars) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Fiscal year 2009 | Fiscal year 2013 | Fiscal year 2014 | 1 year change | 5 year change | Change since recession |
| Alabama | $6,888 | $5,694 | $5,673 | -0.4% | -17.6% | -38.9% |
| Alaska | $13,650 | $13,188 | $13,978 | 6.0% | 2.4% | 5.8% |
| Arizona | $7,736 | $5,056 | $5,171 | 2.3% | -33.2% | -35.7% |
| Arkansas | $7,987 | $7,731 | $7,653 | -1.0% | -4.2% | -5.8% |
| California | $7,938 | $7,252 | $7,509 | 3.5% | -5.4% | -14.9% |
| Colorado | $4,514 | $2,822 | $3,022 | 7.1% | -33.0% | -27.6% |
| Connecticut | $9,192 | $6,509 | $7,192 | 10.5% | -21.8% | -26.3% |
| Delaware | $6,476 | $4,954 | $5,052 | 2.0% | -22.0% | -24.4% |
| Florida | $7,320 | $4,879 | $5,798 | 18.9% | -20.8% | -31.7% |
| Georgia | $8,497 | $6,836 | $7,297 | 6.7% | -14.1% | -23.2% |
| Hawaii | $10,255 | $7,532 | $7,618 | 1.1% | -25.7% | -24.8% |
| Idaho | $10,266 | $6,676 | $7,004 | 4.9% | -31.8% | -33.4% |
| Illinois | $8,223 | $9,626 | $12,293 | 27.7% | 49.5% | 50.2% |
| Indiana | $5,321 | $4,501 | $5,005 | 11.2% | -5.9% | -4.4% |
| Iowa | $6,810 | $5,112 | $5,335 | 4.4% | -21.7% | -20.8% |
| Kansas | $6,711 | $5,745 | $5,648 | -1.7% | -15.8% | -18.4% |
| Kentucky | $8,428 | $6,884 | $6,824 | -0.9% | -19.0% | -24.5% |
| Louisiana | $9,096 | $5,625 | $5,606 | -0.3% | -38.4% | -40.5% |
| Maine | $6,920 | $6,096 | $6,252 | 2.5% | -9.7% | -12.8% |
| Maryland | $7,926 | $7,022 | $7,512 | 7.0% | -5.2% | -12.5% |
| Massachusetts | $6,805 | $5,785 | $6,073 | 5.0% | -10.8% | -23.1% |
| Michigan | $5,905 | $4,564 | $4,765 | 4.4% | -19.3% | -22.9% |
| Minnesota | $6,680 | $4,814 | $5,327 | 10.7% | -20.2% | -24.0% |
| Mississippi | $7,775 | $6,274 | $6,514 | 3.8% | -16.2% | -23.7% |
| Missouri | $7,172 | $5,311 | $5,297 | -0.3% | -26.1% | -27.8% |
| Montana | $5,274 | $4,379 | $4,939 | 12.8% | -6.4% | -5.1% |
| Nebraska | $7,976 | $7,503 | $7,840 | 4.5% | -1.7% | -5.5% |
| Nevada | $9,678 | $6,826 | $7,016 | 2.8% | -27.5% | -30.8% |
| New Hampshire | $3,483 | $1,724 | $2,360 | 36.8% | -32.3% | -33.3% |
| New Jersey | $7,206 | $5,658 | $5,520 | -2.4% | -23.4% | -28.3% |
| New Mexico | $8,985 | $8,269 | $8,029 | -2.9% | -10.6% | -23.7% |
| New York | $8,659 | $8,129 | $8,454 | 4.0% | -2.4% | -4.7% |
| North Carolina | $9,619 | $8,851 | $8,562 | -3.3% | -11.0% | -21.7% |
| North Dakota | $5,420 | $6,688 | $7,888 | 17.9% | 45.5% | 37.5% |
| Ohio | $5,777 | $4,249 | $4,314 | 1.5% | -25.3% | -23.5% |
| Oklahoma | $8,951 | $7,193 | $7,080 | -1.6% | -20.9% | -21.3% |
| Oregon | $5,587 | $3,952 | $4,214 | 6.6% | -24.6% | -29.4% |
| Pennsylvania | $5,645 | $3,633 | $3,654 | 0.6% | -35.3% | -37.4% |
| Rhode Island | $5,169 | $4,547 | $4,690 | 3.2% | -9.3% | -24.0% |
| South Carolina | $6,092 | $4,891 | $4,894 | 0.0% | -19.7% | -36.5% |
| South Dakota | $5,618 | $4,872 | $4,878 | 0.1% | -13.2% | -19.2% |
| Tennessee | $8,875 | $6,266 | $6,959 | 11.0% | -21.6% | -22.9% |
| Texas | $8,895 | $7,366 | $8,050 | 9.3% | -9.5% | -14.8% |
| Utah | $6,648 | $5,106 | $5,506 | 7.8% | -17.2% | -25.7% |
| Vermont | $2,889 | $2,708 | $2,816 | 4.0% | -2.5% | -11.0% |
| Virginia | $6,215 | $4,635 | $4,779 | 3.1% | -23.1% | -26.1% |
| Washington | $7,178 | $4,945 | $5,700 | 15.3% | -20.6% | -25.2% |
| West Virginia | $6,319 | $5,887 | $5,530 | -6.1% | -12.5% | -25.9% |
| Wisconsin | $7,100 | $5,990 | $5,786 | -3.4% | -18.5% | -18.2% |
| Wyoming | $17,123 | $16,800 | $15,561 | -7.4% | -9.1% | -5.3% |
| United States | $7,553 | $6,215 | $6,552 | 5.4% | -13.3% | -18.9% |
| Notes: "Educational appropriations are a measure of state and local support available for public higher education operating expenses including ARRA funds, and exclude appropriations for independent institutions, financial aid for students attending independent institutions, research, hospitals, and medical education." "Adjustment factors, to arrive at constant dollar figures, include Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA), Enrollment Mix Index (EMI), and Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA). The Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) is not a measure of inflation over time." Source: State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, "State Higher Education Finance: FY 2014" | ||||||
2013
According to the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, average adjusted public postsecondary appropriations per full-time equivalent student (FTE) declined 23 percent from fiscal year 2008 to 2013 on average in the United States. The table below lists adjusted public higher education appropriations by state for fiscal years 2008, 2012, and 2013. [8]
| Public higher education appropriations per FTE (in constant 2013 dollars) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Fiscal year 2008 | Fiscal year 2012 | Fiscal year 2013 | FY12 to FY13 change | Percent change | FY08 to FY13 change | Percent change |
| Alabama | $9,094 | $5,795 | $5,507 | -$288.00 | -5.00% | -$3,587.00 | -39.40% |
| Alaska | $12,952 | $12,443 | $12,932 | $489.00 | 3.90% | -$20.00 | -0.10% |
| Arizona | $7,886 | $4,869 | $4,958 | $89.00 | 1.80% | -$2,928.00 | -37.10% |
| Arkansas | $7,961 | $7,478 | $6,173 | -$1,305.00 | -17.50% | -$1,788.00 | -22.50% |
| California | $8,650 | $6,743 | $7,096 | $353.00 | 5.20% | -$1,554.00 | -18.00% |
| Colorado | $4,090 | $2,806 | $2,779 | -$27.00 | -1.00% | -$1,311.00 | -32.10% |
| Connecticut | $9,569 | $7,481 | $7,028 | -$453.00 | -6.10% | -$2,541.00 | -26.60% |
| Delaware | $6,549 | $4,917 | $4,858 | -$59.00 | -1.20% | -$1,691.00 | -25.80% |
| Florida | $8,325 | $5,199 | $4,784 | -$415.00 | -8.00% | -$3,541.00 | -42.50% |
| Georgia | $9,307 | $6,633 | $6,703 | $70.00 | 1.10% | -$2,604.00 | -28.00% |
| Hawaii | $9,928 | $7,298 | $7,173 | -$125.00 | -1.70% | -$2,755.00 | -27.80% |
| Idaho | $10,311 | $6,020 | $6,546 | $526.00 | 8.70% | -$3,765.00 | -36.50% |
| Illinois | $8,024 | $8,657 | $9,439 | $782.00 | 9.00% | $1,415.00 | 17.60% |
| Indiana | $5,132 | $4,417 | $4,442 | $25.00 | 0.60% | -$690.00 | -13.50% |
| Iowa | $6,605 | $4,627 | $5,013 | $386.00 | 8.30% | -$1,592.00 | -24.10% |
| Kansas | $6,787 | $5,559 | $5,634 | $75.00 | 1.30% | -$1,153.00 | -17.00% |
| Kentucky | $8,854 | $6,883 | $6,750 | -$133.00 | -1.90% | -$2,104.00 | -23.80% |
| Louisiana | $9,239 | $5,834 | $5,515 | -$319.00 | -5.50% | -$3,724.00 | -40.30% |
| Maine | $7,027 | $6,137 | $5,978 | -$159.00 | -2.60% | -$1,049.00 | -14.90% |
| Maryland | $8,412 | $6,894 | $6,756 | -$138.00 | -2.00% | -$1,656.00 | -19.70% |
| Massachusetts | $7,741 | $5,583 | $5,672 | $89.00 | 1.60% | -$2,069.00 | -26.70% |
| Michigan | $6,056 | $4,314 | $4,469 | $155.00 | 3.60% | -$1,587.00 | -26.20% |
| Minnesota | $6,868 | $4,687 | $4,614 | -$73.00 | -1.50% | -$2,254.00 | -32.80% |
| Mississippi | $8,365 | $5,930 | $6,162 | $232.00 | 3.90% | -$2,203.00 | -26.30% |
| Missouri | $7,189 | $5,338 | $5,310 | -$28.00 | -0.50% | -$1,879.00 | -26.10% |
| Montana | $5,101 | $4,306 | $4,294 | -$12.00 | -0.30% | -$807.00 | -15.80% |
| Nebraska | $8,135 | $7,114 | $7,357 | $243.00 | 3.40% | -$778.00 | -9.60% |
| Nevada | $9,938 | $6,798 | $6,693 | -$105.00 | -1.50% | -$3,245.00 | -32.60% |
| New Hampshire | $3,466 | $1,674 | $1,708 | $34.00 | 2.00% | -$1,758.00 | -50.70% |
| New Jersey | $7,545 | $5,975 | $5,545 | -$430.00 | -7.20% | -$2,000.00 | -26.50% |
| New Mexico | $10,320 | $7,751 | $8,580 | $829.00 | 10.70% | -$1,740.00 | -16.90% |
| New York | $8,768 | $7,508 | $7,843 | $335.00 | 4.50% | -$925.00 | -10.50% |
| North Carolina | $10,716 | $8,344 | $8,687 | $343.00 | 4.10% | -$2,029.00 | -18.90% |
| North Dakota | $5,622 | $6,610 | $6,561 | -$49.00 | -0.80% | $939.00 | 16.70% |
| Ohio | $5,526 | $4,223 | $4,523 | $300.00 | 7.10% | -$1,003.00 | -18.20% |
| Oklahoma | $8,819 | $6,702 | $6,955 | $253.00 | 3.80% | -$1,864.00 | -21.10% |
| Oregon | $5,853 | $3,805 | $3,875 | $70.00 | 1.90% | -$1,978.00 | -33.80% |
| Pennsylvania | $5,720 | $4,004 | $3,959 | -$45.00 | -1.10% | -$1,761.00 | -30.80% |
| Rhode Island | $6,049 | $5,133 | $4,459 | -$674.00 | -13.10% | -$1,590.00 | -26.30% |
| South Carolina | $7,552 | $4,597 | $4,797 | $200.00 | 4.30% | -$2,755.00 | -36.50% |
| South Dakota | $5,914 | $4,430 | $4,778 | $348.00 | 7.80% | -$1,136.00 | -19.20% |
| Tennessee | $8,850 | $5,818 | $6,022 | $204.00 | 3.50% | -$2,828.00 | -31.90% |
| Texas | $9,256 | $7,475 | $7,259 | -$216.00 | -2.90% | -$1,997.00 | -21.60% |
| Utah | $7,259 | $4,865 | $5,007 | $142.00 | 2.90% | -$2,252.00 | -31.00% |
| Vermont | $3,103 | $2,651 | $2,655 | $4.00 | 0.10% | -$448.00 | -14.40% |
| Virginia | $6,341 | $4,352 | $4,545 | $193.00 | 4.40% | -$1,796.00 | -28.30% |
| Washington | $7,464 | $4,790 | $4,849 | $59.00 | 1.20% | -$2,615.00 | -35.00% |
| West Virginia | $7,314 | $5,753 | $5,773 | $20.00 | 0.30% | -$1,541.00 | -21.10% |
| Wisconsin | $6,930 | $5,604 | $5,837 | $233.00 | 4.20% | -$1,093.00 | -15.80% |
| Wyoming | $16,101 | $14,349 | $16,474 | $2,125.00 | 14.80% | $373.00 | 2.30% |
| U.S. averages | $7,924 | $6,020 | $6,105 | $85.00 | 1.40% | -$1,819.00 | -23.00% |
| Notes: "Educational appropriations are a measure of state and local support available for public higher education operating expenses including ARRA funds, and exclude appropriations for independent institutions, financial aid for students attending independent institutions, research, hospitals, and medical education." "Adjustment factors, to arrive at constant dollar figures, include Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA), Enrollment Mix Index (EMI), and Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).The Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) is not a measure of inflation over time." Source: State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, "State Higher Education Finance: FY 2013" | |||||||
See also
- Higher education by state
- Higher education tuition statistics
- Higher education enrollment statistics
- Higher education financial aid statistics
- Higher education graduation rates
- Higher education retention rates
- Student debt in higher education in the United States
External links
- Illinois State University College of Education, "Grapevine Summary Tables, Fiscal Year (FY) 2013-14," accessed December 15, 2014
- State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, "State Higher Education Finance: FY 2013," accessed December 16, 2014
Footnotes
- ↑ Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, "States Are Still Funding Higher Education Below Pre-Recession Levels," May 1, 2014
- ↑ Business Insider, "Public Vs. Private College: Which Is Better For Your Wallet?" May 22, 2013
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Texas Coalition for Excellence in Higher Education, "Top 10 Higher Education State Policy Issues for 2013," January 9, 2013
- ↑ The Chronicle of Higher Education, "State Higher-Education Spending Is Up, but Not Above Pre-Recession Level," April 27, 2016
- ↑ Grapevine, "Table 1: State Fiscal Support for Higher Education, by State, Fiscal Years 2009-10, 2012-13, 2013-14, and 2014-15," accessed July 12, 2016
- ↑ Illinois State University College of Education, "Grapevine Summary Tables, Fiscal Year (FY) 2013-14," accessed December 15, 2014
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, "State Higher Education Finance: FY 2013," accessed December 16, 2014
- ↑ State Higher Education Executive Officers Association, "State Higher Education Finance: FY 2014," accessed July 11, 2016
