This page contains information on the historical partisan composition of state legislatures. For more information on the current partisan composition of state legislatures, click here.
State senates and state house of representatives with a Democratic majority are encased in a blue ( ) box, while state senates and state house of representatives with a Republican majority are encased in a red ( ) box. Tied chambers, or those governed by a multipartisan coalition, are encased in a purple ( ) box.
Election breakdowns
Below is partisan composition data at the time of major elections.
2025 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2025 and State legislative special elections, 2025
Heading into the 2025 elections, Democrats controlled 39 chambers, Republicans controlled 57, the Minnesota House of Representatives was tied, and a bipartisan coalition controlled the Alaska House and Senate.[1]
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 39
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 57[2]
- State chambers controlled by a tie: 1
- State chambers controlled by a bipartisan coalition: 2
2024 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2024 and State legislative special elections, 2024
Heading into the 2024 elections, Democrats controlled 41 chambers, Republicans controlled 56, and a bipartisan coalition controlled the Alaska House and Senate.[1]
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 41
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 56[2]
- State chambers controlled by a bipartisan coalition: 2
2023 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2023 and State legislative special elections, 2023
Heading into the 2023 elections, Democrats controlled 40 chambers, Republicans controlled 57, and a bipartisan coalition controlled the Alaska House and Senate.[1]
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 40
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 57[2]
- State chambers controlled by a bipartisan coalition: 2
2022 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2022 and State legislative special elections, 2022
Heading into the 2022 elections, Democrats controlled 36 chambers, Republicans controlled 62, and a bipartisan coalition controlled the Alaska House.[1]
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 36
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 62[2]
- State chambers controlled by a bipartisan coalition: 1
2021 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2021 and State legislative special elections, 2021
Heading into the 2021 elections, Republicans held a majority of state legislative chambers. As of November 2021, 61 chambers were under GOP control, while Democrats held majorities in 37 chambers.[1] A power-sharing agreement was established between Democrats and Republicans in the Alaska House of Representatives.
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 37
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 61[2]
- One chamber with power sharing between the parties
2020 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2020 and State legislative special elections, 2020
Heading into the 2020 elections, Republicans held a majority of state legislative chambers. As of November 2020, 59 chambers were under GOP control, while Democrats held majorities in 39 chambers.[1] A power-sharing agreement was established between Democrats and Republicans in the Alaska House of Representatives.
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 39
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 59[2]
- One chamber with power sharing between the parties
2019 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2019 and State legislative special elections, 2019
Heading into the 2019 elections, Republicans held a majority of state legislative chambers. As of November 2019, 61 chambers were under GOP control, while Democrats held majorities in 37 chambers.[1] A power-sharing agreement was established between Democrats and Republicans in the Alaska House of Representatives.
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 37
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 61[2]
- One chamber with power sharing between the parties
At the time of the 2019 elections, 7,280 state legislators were affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic parties.
| Party
|
Number of
|
Percentage
|
| Democratic state legislators
|
3,462
|
46.9%
|
| Republican state legislators
|
3,851
|
52.2%
|
| Independent state legislators
|
21
|
0.3%
|
| Third party legislators
|
14
|
0.2%
|
| Vacancies
|
35
|
0.5%
|
2018 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2018 and State legislative special elections, 2018
Heading into the 2018 elections, Republicans held a majority of state legislative chambers. As of November 2018, 67 chambers were under GOP control, while Democrats held majorities in 32 chambers.[1]
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 32
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 67[2]
At the time of the 2018 elections, 7,280 state legislators were affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic parties.
| Party
|
Number of
|
Percentage
|
| Democratic state legislators
|
3,257
|
44.1%
|
| Republican state legislators
|
4,023
|
54.5%
|
| Independent state legislators
|
24
|
0.3%
|
| Third party legislators
|
11
|
0.1%
|
| Vacancies
|
68
|
0.9%
|
2017 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2017 and State legislative special elections, 2017
Heading into November 2017, the Democratic Party held the majority in 31 state chambers and the Republican Party held the majority in 68 state chambers. One state chamber (Nebraska) was officially nonpartisan, but is held by a Republican majority.
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 31
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 68[2]
At the time of the 2017 elections, 7,276 state legislators were affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic parties.
| Party
|
Number of
|
Percentage
|
| Democratic state legislators
|
3,114
|
42%
|
| Republican state legislators
|
4,162
|
56.3%
|
| Independent state legislators
|
25
|
0.34%
|
| Third party legislators
|
15
|
0.20%
|
| Vacancies
|
67
|
0.90%
|
2016 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2016 and State legislative special elections, 2016
Heading into November 2016, the Democratic Party held the majority in 30 state chambers and the Republican Party held the majority in 68 state chambers. One state chamber (Nebraska) was officially nonpartisan.
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 30
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 68
- State chambers that were officially nonpartisan: 1
At the time of the 2016 elections, 7,252 state legislators were affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic parties.
| Party
|
Number of
|
Percentage
|
| Democratic state legislators
|
3,150
|
42.6%
|
| Republican state legislators
|
4,102
|
55.5%
|
| Independent (and nonpartisan) state legislators
|
71
|
0.96%
|
| Third party legislators
|
12
|
0.162%
|
| Vacancies
|
48
|
0.65%
|
2015 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2015 and State legislative special elections, 2015
Heading into November 2015, the Democratic Party held the majority in 30 state chambers and the Republican Party held the majority in 68 state chambers. One state chamber (Nebraska) is officially nonpartisan.
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 30
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 68
- State chambers that are officially nonpartisan: 1
At the time of the 2015 elections, 7,262 state legislators were affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic parties.
| Party
|
Number of
|
Percentage
|
| Democratic state legislator
|
3,158
|
43%
|
| Republican state legislator
|
4,104
|
56%
|
| Nonpartisan state legislator
|
49
|
0.66%
|
| Independent state legislator
|
21
|
0.28%
|
| Third party state legislator
|
7
|
0.09%
|
| Vacancies
|
42
|
0.56%
|
2014 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2014 and State legislative special elections, 2014
Before the November 2014 elections, the Democratic Party held the majority in 39 state chambers and the Republican Party held the majority in 59 state chambers. One state chamber (Nebraska) is officially nonpartisan. The overall score heading into the November 4 elections was:
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 39
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 59
- State chambers that are officially nonpartisan: 1
At the time of the 2014 elections, 7,240 state legislators were affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic parties:
| Party
|
Number of
|
Percentage
|
| Democratic state legislators
|
3,422
|
46.3%
|
| Republican state legislators
|
3,818
|
51.7%
|
| Nonpartisan state legislators
|
49
|
0.66%
|
| Independent state legislators
|
17
|
0.23%
|
| Third party state legislator
|
12
|
0.16%
|
| Vacancies
|
62
|
0.84%
|
2012 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2012
Before the November 2012 elections, the Democratic Party held the majority in 37 state chambers and the Republican Party held the majority in 59 state chambers. One state chamber (Nebraska) is officially nonpartisan. Two state senates (Alaska and Virginia) were evenly divided between Democratic and Republican. The Oregon House of Representatives was evenly divided between Democrats and Republicans. Thus, the overall score heading into the November 6, 2012, elections was:
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 37
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 59
- State chambers that are officially nonpartisan: 1
- State senates that were tied: 2
- State houses that were split evenly: 1
At the time of the 2012 elections, 7,247 state legislators were affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic parties:
| Party
|
Number of
|
Percentage
|
| Democratic state legislators
|
3,301
|
48%
|
| Republican state legislators
|
3,946
|
53.4%
|
| Nonpartisan state legislators
|
49
|
0.66%
|
| Independent state legislators
|
22
|
0.30
|
| Third party state legislator
|
12
|
0.16
|
| Vacancies
|
33
|
0.44
|
2010 Elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2010
Before the November 2010 elections, the Democratic Party held the majority in 60 state chambers and the Republican Party held the majority in 36 state chambers. One state chamber (Nebraska) is officially nonpartisan. One state senate (Alaska) was evenly divided between Democratic and Republican senators but several Republicans in that senate vote with the Democratic caucus, so that functionally, the Alaska State Senate could be counted in the column of state senates where Democrats are in the majority. The Montana House of Representatives was split evenly, with 50 Democrats and 50 Republicans.
In that case, the overall score heading into the November 2, 2010, elections was:
- State chambers controlled by a Democratic majority: 60
- State chambers controlled by a Republican majority: 36
- State senates that are officially nonpartisan: 1
- State houses that are split evenly: 1
At the time of the 2010 elections, 7,273 state legislators were affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic parties:
| Party
|
Number of
|
Percentage
|
| Democratic state legislators
|
4,031
|
54.5%
|
| Republican state legislators
|
3,246
|
43.9%
|
| Nonpartisan state legislators
|
49
|
0.66%
|
| Independent state legislators
|
27
|
0.36%
|
| Vacancies
|
35
|
0.47%
|
Historical control
Topline figures
The chart below shows the number of state legislative chambers controlled by each party following the November elections in a given year.
The chart below shows the number of state legislative seats controlled by each party in January of a given year.
Changes over time
The chart below shows the number of state legislative chambers that changed party control in each election from 1992 to 2024.
The chart below shows the number of state legislative chambers where at least one legislative seat changed party control in each election from 1992 to 2024.
Current partisan composition
Alabama
Alabama State Senate
Alabama House of Representatives
Alaska
Alaska State Senate
Alaska House of Representatives
Arizona
Arizona State Senate
Arizona House of Representatives
Arkansas
Arkansas State Senate
Arkansas House of Representatives
California
California State Senate
California State Assembly
Colorado
Colorado State Senate
Colorado House of Representatives
Connecticut
Connecticut State Senate
Connecticut House of Representatives
Delaware
Delaware State Senate
Delaware House of Representatives
Florida
Florida State Senate
Florida House of Representatives
Georgia
Georgia State Senate
Georgia House of Representatives
Hawaii
Hawaii State Senate
Hawaii House of Representatives
Idaho
Idaho State Senate
Idaho House of Representatives
Illinois
Illinois State Senate
Illinois House of Representatives
Indiana
Indiana State Senate
Indiana House of Representatives
Iowa
Iowa State Senate
Iowa House of Representatives
Kansas
Kansas State Senate
Kansas House of Representatives
Kentucky
Kentucky State Senate
Kentucky House of Representatives
Louisiana
Louisiana State Senate
Louisiana House of Representatives
Maine
Maine State Senate
Maine House of Representatives
Maryland
Maryland State Senate
Maryland House of Delegates
Massachusetts
Massachusetts State Senate
Massachusetts House of Representatives
Michigan
Michigan State Senate
Michigan House of Representatives
Minnesota
Minnesota State Senate
Minnesota House of Representatives
Mississippi
Mississippi State Senate
Mississippi House of Representatives
Missouri
Missouri State Senate
Missouri House of Representatives
Montana
Montana State Senate
Montana House of Representatives
Nebraska
- See also: Nebraska State Legislature
Nebraska Legislature is nonpartisan.
There are no formal party alignments or groups within the Nebraska State Senate. Coalitions tend to form issue-by-issue based on a member's philosophy of government, geographic background and constituency. However, almost all of the members of the legislature are affiliated with the state affiliate of either the Democratic or the Republican Party and both parties explicitly endorse candidates for legislative seats. Senators and candidates are listed as officially nonpartisan, but in most cases the individual has a direct party affiliation. As an example, in most cases if a sitting senator runs for Congress, the individual inevitably runs on a Democratic or Republican Party line. For more information on how Ballotpedia determined the partisan affiliation for Nebraska senators, please click here.
Nevada
Nevada State Senate
Nevada State Assembly
New Hampshire
New Hampshire State Senate
New Hampshire House of Representatives
New Jersey
New Jersey State Senate
New Jersey House of Representatives
New Mexico
New Mexico State Senate
New Mexico House of Representatives
New York
New York State Senate
New York State Assembly
North Carolina
North Carolina State Senate
North Carolina House of Representatives
North Dakota
North Dakota State Senate
North Dakota House of Representatives
Ohio
Ohio State Senate
Ohio House of Representatives
Oklahoma
Oklahoma State Senate
Oklahoma House of Representatives
Oregon
Oregon State Senate
Oregon House of Representatives
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania State Senate
Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Rhode Island
Rhode Island State Senate
Rhode Island House of Representatives
South Carolina
South Carolina State Senate
South Carolina House of Representatives
South Dakota
South Dakota State Senate
South Dakota House of Representatives
Tennessee
Tennessee State Senate
Tennessee House of Representatives
Texas
Texas State Senate
Texas House of Representatives
Utah
Utah State Senate
Utah House of Representatives
Vermont
Vermont State Senate
Vermont House of Representatives
Virginia
Virginia State Senate
Virginia House of Delegates
Washington
Washington State Senate
Washington House of Representatives
West Virginia
West Virginia State Senate
West Virginia House of Delegates
Wisconsin
Wisconsin State Senate
Wisconsin State Assembly
Wyoming
Wyoming State Senate
Wyoming House of Representatives
See also
External links
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Although the Nebraska State Senate elects its members in nonpartisan elections, members of the chamber generally function along party lines when it comes to voting and caucusing. Please see Nebraska State Senate partisan affiliation for more information. Cite error: Invalid
<ref> tag; name "nebraska" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Includes Nebraska, which is officially nonpartisan. For more information on how Ballotpedia determined the partisan affiliation of Nebraska senators, please click here. Cite error: Invalid
<ref> tag; name "NE" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "NE" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ Excludes three nonvoting members representing the Penobscot Nation, the Passamaquoddy Tribe and the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians.
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