Historical signature requirements for independent and minor party presidential candidates, 1892-2012
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In order to get on the ballot, a presidential candidate not affiliated with a state-qualified party must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. According to Richard Winger, publisher of Ballot Access News, between 1892 and 2012 there were 401 instances in which a state required an independent or minor party candidate to collect more than 5,000 signatures in order to appear on the general election ballot.[1]
According to Winger, "every state has procedures for independent presidential candidates [as well] as procedures for newly-qualifying parties. ... Throughout U.S. history, the presidential nominees of unqualified parties have frequently used the independent candidate procedure instead of the new party procedure, if the independent procedure was easier. The reverse is also true." The table below lists the easier of the two methods. The first column lists the state, the second lists the year, and the third lists the signature requirement. Columns four through nine list candidates and/or parties that met the requirement.'[1]
The table below lists each instance in which a state required an independent or minor party presidential candidate to collect more than 5,000 signatures in order to get on the ballot between 1892 and 2012. Because the laws governing candidate signature requirements vary from year to year and from state to state, not all states are represented equally in the table below. Some states may have never required a candidate to collect 5,000 or more signatures. Other states may have only had such a requirement in place for a relatively brief period of time; consequently, the state may only have one or two listings in the table below.
| State | Year | Requirement | Successful parties or candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | 1964 | 5,836 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arizona | 1976 | 5,523 | Libertarian | McCarthy | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- |
| Arizona | 1980 | 5,386 | Libertarian | Anderson | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- |
| Arizona | 1984 | 7,264 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arizona | 1988 | 8,670 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arizona | 1992 | 10,555 | Libertarian | R. Perot | Natural Law | Populist | Natural Law | -- |
| Arizona | 1996 | 15,062 | Libertarian | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arizona | 2004 | 14,694 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arizona | 2008 | 20,449 | R. Nader | Green | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arizona | 2012 | 23,041 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arkansas | 1972 | 42,644 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arkansas | 1976 | 38,219 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1892 | 12,115 | People's | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1896 | 8,537 | National Democratic | Socialist Labor | National | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1900 | 8,612 | Socialist | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1904 | 9,131 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1908 | 9,358 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1912 | 11,570 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1916 | 27,800 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1920 | 20,651 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1924 | 28,962 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1928 | 12,125 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1932 | 14,449 | Liberty | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1936 | 23,610 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1940 | 26,960 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1944 | 22,643 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1948 | 27,597 | Progressive | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1952 | 38,458 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1956 | 41,017 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1960 | 53,661 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1964 | 59,297 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1968 | 66,059 | American | Peace and Freedom | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1972 | 66,334 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1976 | 99,284 | Libertarian | Socialist Workers | Communist | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1980 | 101,297 | Libertarian | Citizens | Anderson | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1984 | 115,591 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1988 | 65,000 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1992 | 134,781 | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 1996 | 89,007 | Reform | Natural Law | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 2000 | 149,692 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 2004 | 153,035 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 2008 | 158,372 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| California | 2012 | 172,859 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1932 | 5,532 | Socialist Labor | Communist | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1936 | 5,942 | Union | Communist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1944 | 7,816 | Socialist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1956 | 5,485 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1960 | 5,586 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1964 | 6,115 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1968 | 6,093 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1972 | 12,563 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1976 | 14,093 | U.S. Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1980 | 14,085 | Libertarian | Anderson | Citizens | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1984 | 14,235 | New Alliance | Communist | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1988 | 14,910 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Connecticut | 1992 | 14,620 | Libetarian | R. Perot | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1932 | 28,767 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1936 | 39,534 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1940 | 34,690 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1944 | 34,486 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1952 | 7,500 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1956 | 7,500 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1960 | 7,500 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1964 | 7,500 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1968 | 18,479 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1972 | 27,970 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1976 | 36,213 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1980 | 42,172 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1984 | 48,657 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1988 | 56,318 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1992 | 60,312 | Libertarian | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Florida | 1996 | 65,596 | Libertarian | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1944 | 27,500 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1960 | 65,530 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1964 | 65,107 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1968 | 83,339 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1972 | 98,022 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1976 | 108,395 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1980 | 57,540 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1984 | 61,670 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1988 | 25,759 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1992 | 26,955 | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 1996 | 30,036 | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 2000 | 39,094 | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 2004 | 37,153 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 2008 | 42,489 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Georgia | 2012 | 50,334 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Idaho | 1980 | 10,323 | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Idaho | 1984 | 13,123 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Idaho | 2004 | 5,017 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Idaho | 2008 | 5,984 | Nader | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1932 | 25,000 | Socialist | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | Communist | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1936 | 25,000 | Socialist | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | Union | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1940 | 25,000 | Socialist | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1944 | 25,000 | Socialist Labor | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1948 | 25,000 | Socialist | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1952 | 25,000 | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1956 | 25,000 | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1960 | 25,000 | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1964 | 25,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1968 | 25,000 | American | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1972 | 25,000 | Socialist Labor | Communist | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1976 | 25,000 | Libertarian | McCarthy | Socialist Workers | U.S. Labor | Socialist Labor | Communist |
| Illinois | 1980 | 25,000 | Libertarian | Anderson | Citizens | Communist | Workers World | Socialist Workers |
| Illinois | 1984 | 25,000 | Libertarian | Citizens | New Alliance | Communist | Workers League | Socialist Workers |
| Illinois | 1988 | 25,000 | Libertarian | New Alliance | Workers League | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 1992 | 25,000 | Libertarian | R. Perot | New Alliance | Natural Law | Populist | Socialist Workers |
| Illinois | 1996 | 25,000 | U.S. Taxpayer | Reform | Natural Law | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 2000 | 25,000 | Libertarian | Green | Reform | Natural Law | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 2004 | 25,000 | Libertarian | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 2008 | 25,000 | Libertarian | New | R. Nader | Constitution | -- | -- |
| Illinois | 2012 | 25,000 | Libertarian | Green | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1936 | 7,213 | Union | Communist | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1940 | 7,798 | Socialist | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1944 | 6,446 | Socialist | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1948 | 6,641 | Progressive | Socialist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1952 | 7,912 | Progressive | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1956 | 7,950 | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1960 | 8,549 | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1964 | 8,863 | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1968 | 8,320 | American | Prohibition | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1972 | 8,466 | Peace and Freedom | Socialist Labor | Communist | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1976 | 8,406 | Socialist Workers | U.S. Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1980 | 6,982 | Libertarian | Anderson | Citizens | Socialist Workers | Communist | -- |
| Indiana | 1984 | 35,040 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1988 | 31,077 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1992 | 29,909 | Libertarian | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 1996 | 29,822 | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 2000 | 30,717 | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 2004 | 29,553 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 2008 | 32,742 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Indiana | 2012 | 34,195 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Kansas | 1972 | 22,356 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Maine | 1976 | 10,920 | McCarthy | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 1968 | 45,548 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 1972 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 1976 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 1980 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 1984 | 10,000 | Libertarian | New Alliance | Communist | Workers World | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 1988 | 10,000 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 1992 | 10,000 | Libertarian | New Alliance | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 1996 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Reform | Natural Law | U.S. Taxpayers | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 2000 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Reform | Green | Constitution | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 2004 | 10,000 | Libertarian | R. Nader | Green | Constitution | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 2008 | 10,000 | Libertarian | R. Nader | Green | Constitution | -- | -- |
| Maryland | 2012 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Green | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1940 | 52,977 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1944 | 42,052 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1948 | 50,504 | Progressive | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1952 | 57,306 | Progressive | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1956 | 57,114 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1960 | 56,974 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1964 | 63,273 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1968 | 61,236 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1972 | 56,038 | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1976 | 37,096 | McCarthy | Socialist Workers | U.S. Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1980 | 39,246 | Libertarian | Socialist Workers | Anderson | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1984 | 41,006 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1988 | 33,682 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1992 | 10,000 | Libertarian | R. Perot | New Alliance | Natural Law | LaRouche | -- |
| Massachusetts | 1996 | 10,000 | Workers World | Natural Law | Reform | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 2000 | 10,000 | Green | Natural Law | Reform | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 2004 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 2008 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Nader | Constitution | -- | -- | -- |
| Massachusetts | 2012 | 10,000 | Libertarian | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1940 | 7,757 | Socialist | Prohibition | Communist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1944 | 6,256 | Socialist | American First | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1948 | 9,880 | Progressive | Socialist | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1952 | 9,867 | Progressive | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1956 | 10,874 | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1960 | 12,708 | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | Independent American | Tax Cut | -- |
| Michigan | 1964 | 14,896 | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1968 | 13,371 | American | Socialist Workers | Socialist Labor | New Politcs | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1972 | 14,239 | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | Communist | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1976 | 17,674 | Libertarian | McCarthy | U.S. Labor | Socialist Workers | Socialist Labor | -- |
| Michigan | 1992 | 25,646 | Libertarian | Natural Law | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 1996 | 30,891 | Reform | Natural Law | Soc. Equal | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 2000 | 30,272 | Green | Taxpayers | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 2004 | 31,776 | R. Nader | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 2008 | 38,024 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Michigan | 2012 | 32,261 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1956 | 18,710 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1960 | 18,084 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1964 | 18,874 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1968 | 17,896 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1972 | 17,518 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1976 | 18,657 | McCarthy | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1980 | 19,336 | Libertarian | Anderson | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1984 | 20,881 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1988 | 21,083 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1992 | 20,860 | Libertarian | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 1996 | 10,000 | Reform | Natural Law | Constitution | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 2000 | 10,000 | Green | Natural Law | Constitution | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 2004 | 10,000 | Constitution | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 2008 | 10,000 | R. Nader | Constitution | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Missouri | 2012 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Montana | 1972 | 6,942 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Montana | 1976 | 9,199 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Montana | 1980 | 9,771 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Montana | 1988 | 13,329 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Montana | 1992 | 9,531 | R. Perot | Populist | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Montana | 1996 | 10,471 | Reform | Natural Law | Taxpayers | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 1968 | 6,393 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 1972 | 6,883 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 1976 | 8,399 | Libertarian | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 1980 | 9,533 | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 1984 | 11,704 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 1988 | 7,717 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 1992 | 9,392 | New Alliance | Populist | Taxpayers | R. Perot | Natural Law | -- |
| Nevada | 2004 | 5,019 | R. Nader | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 2008 | 5,746 | R. Nader | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Nevada | 2012 | 7,013 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1896 | 6,000 | National Democratic | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1900 | 6,000 | Socialist | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1904 | 6,000 | People's | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1908 | 6,000 | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1912 | 6,000 | Progressive | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1916 | 6,000 | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1920 | 12,000 | Farmer-Labor | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1924 | 12,000 | Progressive | Workers | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1928 | 12,000 | Communist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1932 | 12,000 | Communist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1936 | 12,000 | American Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1940 | 12,000 | Socialist | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1944 | 12,000 | Socialist | Socialist Labor | Liberal | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1948 | 12,000 | Socialist | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1952 | 12,000 | Socialist | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1956 | 12,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1960 | 12,000 | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1964 | 12,000 | Socialist Workers | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1968 | 12,000 | American | Socialist Workers | Socialist Labor | Peace and Freedom. | -- | -- |
| New York | 1972 | 20,000 | Socialist Workers | Socialist Labor | Communist | -- | -- | -- |
| New York | 1976 | 20,000 | Libertarian | Socialist Workers | U.S. Labor | Communist | -- | -- |
| New York | 1980 | 20,000 | Libertarian | Socialist Workers | Citizens | Communist | Workers World | -- |
| New York | 1984 | 20,000 | Libertarian | New Alliance | Communist | Workers World | -- | -- |
| New York | 1988 | 20,000 | Libertarian | New Alliance | Socialist Workers | Workers World | -- | -- |
| New York | 1992 | 15,000 | Libertarian | New Alliance | R. Perot | Socialist Workers | Natural Law | -- |
| New York | 1996 | 15,000 | Libertarian | Green | Natural Law | Socialist Workers | Workers World | -- |
| New York | 2000 | 15,000 | Libertarian | Anderson | Socialist Workers | Constitution | -- | -- |
| New York | 2004 | 15,000 | Libertarian | Green | R. Nader | Socialist Workers | -- | -- |
| New York | 2008 | 15,000 | Libertarian | R. Nader | Green | Socialist Workers | Party of Socialism and Liberation | -- |
| New York | 2012 | 15,000 | Libertarian | Constitution | Party of Socialism and Liberation | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1932 | 10,000 | Socialist | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1936 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1940 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1944 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1948 | 10,000 | Progressive | States Rights | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1952 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1956 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1960 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1964 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1968 | 10,000 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1972 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1976 | 10,000 | Libertarian | American | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1980 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Anderson | Socialist Workers | Citizen | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1984 | 36,949 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1988 | 44,535 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1992 | 43,601 | Libertarian | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 1996 | 51,904 | Libertarian | Reform | Natural Law | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 2000 | 51,324 | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 2004 | 58,842 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 2008 | 69,734 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| North Carolina | 2012 | 85,379 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1892 | 7,957 | People's | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1896 | 8,375 | Socialist Labor | National Democratic | National | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1900 | 9,082 | Socialist | Prohibition | People's | Socialist Labor | Un. Reform | -- |
| Ohio | 1904 | 8,664 | People's | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1908 | 7,924 | People's | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1912 | 9,245 | Progressive | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1916 | 11,293 | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1920 | 9,609 | Socialist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1924 | 16,258 | Progressive | Socialist Labor | Sngle Tax | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1928 | 13,963 | Socialist | Communist | Prohibn | Socialist Labor | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1932 | 19,568 | Socialist | Communist | Prohibn | Socialist Labor | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1936 | 21,871 | Union | Communist | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1940 | 24,129 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1944 | 17,966 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1948 | 23,038 | Progressive | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1952 | 433,923 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1956 | 389,669 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1960 | 492,621 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1964 | 467,507 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 1916 | 7,901 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 1920 | 8,180 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 1976 | 40,243 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 1980 | 32,768 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 1988 | 37,671 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 1992 | 35,132 | Libertarian | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 1996 | 41,711 | Libertarian | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 2000 | 36,202 | Libertarian | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 2004 | 37,027 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 2008 | 43,913 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oklahoma | 2012 | 43,890 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oregon | 1964 | 23,264 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oregon | 1968 | 23,590 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oregon | 1972 | 24,510 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oregon | 1976 | 27,839 | McCarthy | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oregon | 1980 | 30,897 | Libertarian | Anderson | Citizens | -- | -- | -- |
| Oregon | 1984 | 35,398 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oregon | 1988 | 36,695 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oregon | 1992 | 35,932 | R. Perot | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1924 | 5,608 | Socialist Labor | Workers | American | Single Tax | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1928 | 5,515 | Communist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1932 | 9,143 | Communist | Socialist Labor | Jobless | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1936 | 8,401 | Union | Prohibition | Communist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1940 | 8,502 | Socialist | Communist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1944 | 6,516 | Socialist | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1948 | 7,975 | Progressive | Prohibition | Socialist | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1952 | 7,846 | Progressive | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | Socialist | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1956 | 9,982 | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1960 | 9,118 | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1964 | 9,647 | Socialist Labor | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1968 | 10,552 | American | Socialist Workers | Socialist Labor | Peace and Freedom. | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1972 | 35,624 | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1976 | 30,584 | McCarthy | Socialist Workers | Communist | U.S. Labor | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1980 | 48,134 | Libertarian | Consumer | Anderson | Socialist Workers | Communist | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1984 | 49,933 | Libertarian | Communist | Workers League | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1988 | 25,568 | Libertarian | New Alliance | Consumer | Populist | Workers League | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1992 | 37,216 | Libertarian | R. Perot | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 1996 | 24,425 | Libertarian | Reform | Constitution | Natural Law | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 2000 | 21,739 | Libertarian | Green | Constitution | Reform | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 2004 | 25,697 | Libertarian | Green | Constitution | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 2008 | 24,666 | Libertarian | R. Nader | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pennsylvania | 2012 | 20,601 | Libertarian | Green | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1952 | 10,000 | Eisenhower | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1956 | 10,000 | Harry Byrd | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1960 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1964 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1968 | 10,000 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1972 | 10,000 | United Citizens | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1976 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1980 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1984 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1988 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1992 | 10,000 | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 1996 | 10,000 | Reform | Natural Law | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 2000 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 2004 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 2008 | 10,000 | R. Nader | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Carolina | 2012 | 10,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Dakota | 1936 | 5,878 | Union | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Dakota | 1940 | 5,537 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Dakota | 1952 | 5,067 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Dakota | 1960 | 5,166 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| South Dakota | 1964 | 5,122 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tennessee | 1964 | 52,590 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tennessee | 1968 | 57,203 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tennessee | 1972 | 62,431 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 1968 | 14,259 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 1972 | 22,355 | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 1976 | 16,548 | American | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 1980 | 23,697 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 1984 | 31,909 | LaRouche | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 1988 | 34,424 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 1992 | 38,900 | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 1996 | 43,963 | Taxpayers | Natural Law | Reform | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 2000 | 37,381 | Green | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 2004 | 45,540 | Libertarian | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 2008 | 43,991 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Texas | 2012 | 49,729 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 1972 | 9,106 | American | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 1976 | 9,007 | Libertarian | American | Socialist Workers | U.S. Labor | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 1980 | 10,003 | Libertarian | Anderson | Citizens | Socialist Workers | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 1984 | 11,428 | LaRouche | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 1988 | 12,963 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 1992 | 13,920 | Libertarian | R. Perot | LaRouche | New Alliance | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 1996 | 15,168 | Libertarian | Constitution | Natural Law | -- | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 2000 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Reform | Green | Constitution | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 2004 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Constitution | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 2008 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Constitution | Green | R. Nader | -- | -- |
| Virginia | 2012 | 10,000 | Libertarian | Constitution | Green | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1916 | 11,768 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1932 | 6,428 | Socialist | Prohibition | Communist | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1936 | 7,438 | Socialist | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1940 | 8,300 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1944 | 8,681 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1948 | 7,156 | Progressive | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1952 | 7,488 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1956 | 8,736 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1960 | 8,309 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1964 | 8,378 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1968 | 7,921 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1972 | 7,543 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1976 | 7,624 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1980 | 7,507 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1984 | 7,378 | New Alliance | Populist | Socialist Workers | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1988 | 7,358 | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1992 | 6,534 | Libertarian | R. Perot | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 1996 | 6,837 | Libertarian | Reform | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 2000 | 6,365 | Constitution | Reform | Natural Law | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 2004 | 12,963 | Libertarian | R. Nader | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 2008 | 15,118 | Constituton | R. Nader | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| West Virginia | 2012 | 7,135 | Libertarian | Constitution | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wyoming | 1964 | 5,824 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wyoming | 1968 | 5,972 | American | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wyoming | 1972 | 5,816 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wyoming | 1976 | 6,347 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wyoming | 1980 | 6,469 | Libertarian | Anderson | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wyoming | 1988 | 7,990 | Libertarian | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wyoming | 1992 | 7,903 | R. Perot | New Alliance | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wyoming | 1996 | 8,000 | Reform | Natural Law | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Notes: All entries in this chart reflect petition signature requirements with the following exceptions. According to Winger, "in California for some years the easiest method was for an unqualified party to do a registration drive and obtain a certain number of registered voters." Also, "the Florida entries for 1932 and 1936, and the Alaska entry for 1960, relate to the number of votes a new party must have obtained in the preceding midterm election, because those states didn't have any other way for independent presidential candidates or new parties to get on the ballot ... in those years. The Oklahoma entry for 1916 and 1920 refers to the number of votes that a new party must have polled in three other states, because that was the only way for new parties to get on the ballot and there was no independent presidential procedure." | ||||||||
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 This information was compiled by Richard Winger and shared with Ballotpedia in September 2015.
