Idaho's 1st Congressional District election (May 15, 2018 Republican primary)
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 12
- Early voting: Oct. 22 - Nov. 2
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: Yes
- Voter ID: Photo ID required
- Poll times: 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
2020 →
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| Idaho's 1st Congressional District |
|---|
 |
| Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
| Election details |
| Filing deadline: March 9, 2018 |
| Primary: May 15, 2018 General: November 6, 2018 Pre-election incumbent: Raul Labrador (Republican) |
| How to vote |
| Poll times: 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. Voting in Idaho |
| Race ratings |
Cook Political Report: Solid Republican Inside Elections: Solid Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican |
| Ballotpedia analysis |
| U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018 |
| See also |
1st • 2nd Idaho elections, 2018 U.S. Congress elections, 2018 U.S. Senate elections, 2018 U.S. House elections, 2018 |
Russ Fulcher defeated longtime Idaho politician David Leroy and state Rep. Luke Malek in the Republican primary to replace Raul Labrador (R). Labrador ran for governor rather than seeking re-election, leaving his seat open to a newcomer for the first time since 2010.
Fulcher was endorsed by Labrador, U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas), the Tea Party organizations Club for Growth and FreedomWorks, and the House Freedom Caucus. Despite these endorsements, he did not say whether he would join the House Freedom Caucus, of which Labrador was a founding member.[1] He was the race's fundraising leader and was the beneficiary of more than $500,000 in satellite spending by the Club for Growth.
Leroy led the field in early polls, but most voters were undecided. He served as the state's attorney general and lieutenant governor in the 1980s. Although he initially opposed him in the 2016 presidential election, he came around to Donald Trump and supported his agenda. He said his experience and plans to focus on federal deficit made him the best candidate.[2]
At 36 years old, Luke Malek was younger than both Fulcher, 55, and Leroy, 70, and said he wanted to prepare Idaho for the future. He would have supported the $1.3 trillion omnibus spending bill that passed Congress in March 2018, and he did not vote for President Trump in the 2016 presidential election, opting for independent Evan McMullin instead.[3][4]
Four other candidates besides Fulcher, Leroy, and Malek filed to run, but none raised more than $100,000 or received notable endorsements or media attention.
This seat was rated as Safe Republican by ratings outlets.[5]
Idaho's 1st Congressional District encompasses the western and northern parts of the state and included the western third of the state capital, Boise and most of its suburbs. It also includes Adams, Benewah, Boise, Bonner, Boundary, Canyon, Clearwater, Gem, Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, Owyhee, Payette, Shoshone, Valley, and Washington counties along with a portion of Ada County.
| Idaho voter? Dates you need to know. | |
|---|---|
| Primary election | May 15, 2018 |
| Candidate filing deadline | March 9, 2018 |
| Registration deadline | April 20, 2018 (pre-registration; registration is also available on Election Day) |
| Absentee application deadline | May 4, 2018 |
| General election | November 6, 2018 |
| Voting information | |
| Primary type | Semi-closed |
| Early voting deadline | May 11, 2018 |
| Polling locations: Go to this page to find early voting locations and your assigned precinct for election day. | |
For more on related elections, please see:
- Idaho's 1st Congressional District election (May 15, 2018 Democratic primary)
- Idaho's 1st Congressional District election, 2018
- United States House Democratic Party primaries, 2018
- United States House Republican Party primaries, 2018
- Democratic Party primaries in Idaho, 2018
- Republican Party primaries in Idaho, 2018
Candidates and election results
The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Idaho District 1 on May 15, 2018.
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Idaho District 1
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Russ Fulcher | 43.1 | 42,790 |
 | David Leroy | 15.5 | 15,414 | |
 | Luke Malek | 14.3 | 14,152 | |
 | Christy Perry | 11.2 | 11,108 | |
 | Michael Snyder | 10.4 | 10,288 | |
 | Alex Gallegos | 3.5 | 3,478 | |
 | Nick Henderson | 2.0 | 2,003 | |
| Total votes: 99,233 | |||
 = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Election updates
Campaign finance
- April 25, 2018: Campaign finance disclosures showed the following:
- Russ Fulcher had raised more than $435,000 and had about $82,000 in cash on hand.
- David Leroy had raised more than $330,000 and had more than $54,000 in cash on hand.
- Luke Malek had raised nearly $200,000 and had more than $38,000 in cash on hand.
- March 31, 2018: Candidates announced the following finance numbers in March 2018:
- Fulcher raised over $140,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to over $400,000. He had about $130,000 in cash-on-hand.
- Leroy raised over $100,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to over $290,000. He had about $125,000 in cash-on-hand.
- Malek raised over $55,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to about $200,000. He had about $40,000 in cash-on-hand.
Endorsements
- May 11, 2018: U.S. Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) endorsed Michael Snyder.
- May 9, 2018: The Idaho Statesman endorsed Luke Malek.
- April 26, 2018: The Republican Main Street Partnership endorsed Luke Malek.
- March 31, 2018: Former U.S. Sen. Larry Craig (R-Idaho) endorsed Luke Malek.[6]
Satellite spending
- May 9, 2018: The Club for Growth spent over $500,000 promoting Russ Fulcher's candidacy as of this date.
Candidate forums
- April 29, 2018: The candidates participated in a televised debate. See full coverage here.
Top candidates
The candidates featured below raised at least $100,000 in 2017 and received endorsements and mentions in the media.
Russell Fulcher (R)
Former state senator and gubernatorial candidate
A former state senator who challenged incumbent Gov. Butch Otter for the Republican nomination in 2014, Fulcher based his run for Congress on his opposition to policies enacted by the federal government and Idaho's state government. With his candidacy backed by organizations advocating for limited government such as the Club for Growth and FreedomWorks, Fulcher's campaign website says, "I will fight to ensure the government fills its proper Constitutional role!" Heading into the primary, it was unclear if he would join the House Freedom Caucus if elected.[1]
Fulcher was endorsed by a number of elected officials, including outgoing District 1 Rep. Raul Labrador. Labrador said of Fulcher, "Russ' background as an international businessman, legislative Senate leader, and champion of small government make him an excellent candidate for U.S. Congress. Having him serve in Washington D.C. would give me great confidence that the fight for liberty will continue." Fulcher had been running for governor before withdrawing in June 2017 when Labrador jumped in the race.[7] Other Fulcher endorsers included U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas), Idaho Treasurer Ron Crane, state Senate Majority Leader Chuck Winder as well numerous other state legislators.[8]
He was elected to the state Senate in 2006 and represented District 22 until 2014 when he challenged Gov. Otter, who was first elected in 2006, in the Republican primary. Otter received 51.4 percent of the vote, and Fulcher received 43.6 percent. Prior to his involvement in state government, Fulcher worked for the companies Micron Technology and Preco Electronics. He was born in Meridian, Idaho, and received bachelor's and master's degrees in business from Boise State University.[9]
David Leroy (R)
Former lieutenant governor and attorney general
Idaho's former lieutenant governor and attorney general, David Leroy based his campaign on his community involvement and public service. Citing public roles he has filled, including Ada County prosecutor, United States nuclear waste negotiator, and his 254-day tenure as the state's acting governor, Leroy's website says, "For the past 20 years, Dave has held the highest title in our land: citizen."[10]
“I have been out of elective and appointive politics for two decades,” Leroy said when he announced his run in May 2017. “Since 1994, I have pursued business, civic and family life. I come back to politics as an outsider for one reason: Now is the time to restore the republic and revitalize the American dream!” He also said that he believed the Trump presidency could be transformative for the country, and that he would work to form a caucus of small states while in office.[11] Two polls in late 2017 showed him leading the primary field.
Leroy served as Idaho's attorney general from 1979 to 1983 and as lieutenant governor from 1983 to 1987. He was the Republican nominee for governor in 1986 but lost to Gov. Cecil Andrus (D) in the general election. Leroy has also practiced law in Idaho. He received his bachelor's degree and his J.D. from the University of Idaho, and his master's degree from the New York University School of Law.
Luke Malek (R)
State representative
A state representative from District 4A, Malek based his run for Congress on "listen[ing] to everyday people, collaborat[ing], and solv[ing] problems." He was supported by more than a dozen of his colleagues in the state legislature as well as a number of Idaho mayors and professional associations. At the time of the race, he was 36, while his rivals Fulcher and Leroy were 55 and 70, respectively.
“I have a vested interest in the future of Idaho, and that’s part of the reason I’m running, right?” Malek said when he announced his run in August 2017. “I want to contribute to the future of Idaho.”[12] As a state legislator, Malek worked on Idaho's state-level healthcare exchange that was authorized by the Affordable Care Act. He also said he would have voted for the $1.3 trillion omnibus spending bill that passed Congress in March 2018 despite the opposition of President Trump and many Republican observers. Malek said, “To me this job is not worth doing if I’m not a problem-solver. I’m a conservative guy, but there’s a job to be done back there.”[3]
Malek worked as a prosecutor before being elected to the state House in 2012. He received his bachelor's degree from the College of Idaho and his J.D. from the University of Idaho College of Law. He was born in northern Idaho.[13][12]
Candidates
Republican primary candidates
Republican Party factional conflict
Disputes between potential members of the House Freedom Caucus and other members of the Republican Party occurred in U.S. House primaries in 2018.
In 2015, conservative Republicans formed the Freedom Caucus and began opposing House Republican leaders on fiscal policy, chamber procedures, and caucus leadership, among other things.[14] Members of the Freedom Caucus broke away from the Republican Study Committee, which, along with the Republican Main Street Partnership, was more closely aligned with House Republican leaders.[15]
In this primary, Russell Fulcher affiliated with the Freedom Caucus.[16][17]
The chart below shows a scorecard for how the Freedom Caucus performed in competitive Republican primaries that featured at least one Freedom Caucus candidate and one Republican opponent not affiliated with the group.
| U.S. House Republican factions | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faction | Primary victories in 2018 | Seats held prior to primaries | Performance | |||||||||
| Affiliated with the House Freedom Caucus | 8 | 6 | +2 | |||||||||
| Not affiliated with the House Freedom Caucus[18] | 10 | 12 | -2 | |||||||||
Timeline
- May 11, 2018: U.S. Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) endorsed Michael Snyder.
- May 9, 2018: The Idaho Statesman endorsed Luke Malek.
- April 29, 2018: The candidates participated in a televised debate. See full coverage here.
- April 26, 2018: The Republican Main Street Partnership endorsed Luke Malek.
- April 25, 2018: Campaign finance disclosures showed the following:
- Russ Fulcher had raised more than $435,000 and had about $82,000 in cash on hand.
- David Leroy had raised more than $330,000 and had more than $54,000 in cash on hand.
- Luke Malek had raised nearly $200,000 and had more than $38,000 in cash on hand.
- March 31, 2018: Candidates announced the following finance numbers in March 2018:
- Fulcher raised over $140,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to over $400,000. He had about $130,000 in cash-on-hand.
- Leroy raised over $100,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to over $290,000. He had about $125,000 in cash-on-hand.
- Malek raised over $55,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to about $200,000. He had about $40,000 in cash-on-hand.
- March 31, 2018: Former U.S. Sen. Larry Craig (R-Idaho) endorsed Luke Malek.[6]
- March 9, 2018: The American Conservative Union endorsed David Leroy.
- March 6, 2018: U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) endorsed Russ Fulcher.
- December 17, 2017: A poll released by Dan Jones & Associates showed David Leroy leading the field of candidates in the race. Those surveyed were asked if they would vote for Leroy, Russ Fulcher, Luke Malek, or someone else.
- October 15, 2017: A poll released by Dan Jones & Associates had David Leroy leading a field of candidates in the race for the district. Leroy placed above Russ Fulcher and Luke Malek in the poll.
- September 30, 2017: After the passing of the campaign finance quarterly reporting deadline on September 30, 2017, Russ Fulcher reported the most in campaign contributions with $154,145. David Leroy reported $145,040 and Luke Malek reported $82,814.
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
| Idaho's 1st Congressional District election, Republican primary | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Russ Fulcher | David Leroy | Luke Malek | Someone else | Margin of Error | Sample Size | |||||||||||||
| Dan Jones & Associates November 8-15 | 12% | 21% | 8% | 5% | +/-5.65 | 301 | |||||||||||||
| Dan Jones & Associates August 23-30 | 9% | 17% | 7% | 10% | +/-8.0 | 308 | |||||||||||||
| Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org | |||||||||||||||||||
Campaign finance
Campaign finance disclosures from April 25, 2018, showed the following:
- Russ Fulcher had raised more than $435,000 and had about $82,000 in cash on hand.
- David Leroy had raised more than $330,000 and had more than $54,000 in cash on hand.
- Luke Malek had raised nearly $200,000 and had more than $38,000 in cash on hand.
Candidates announced the following finance numbers in March 2018:[19]
- Fulcher raised over $140,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to over $400,000. He had about $130,000 in cash-on-hand.
- Leroy raised over $100,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to over $290,000. He had about $125,000 in cash-on-hand.
- Malek raised over $55,000 in the first quarter of 2018, bringing his total contributions to about $200,000. He had about $40,000 in cash-on-hand.
The table below contains data from FEC Quarterly January 2018 reports. It includes only candidates who have reported at least $10,000 in campaign contributions as of December 31, 2017.[20]
Republicans
Satellite spending
As of May 9, the following groups disclosed expenditures on the race.
- Club for Growth: This group had spent over $500,000 supporting Russ Fulcher's candidacy.
- House Freedom Fund: The campaign arm of the House Freedom Caucus had spent nearly $20,000 supporting Russ Fulcher.
Criticism of Club for Growth involvement
Luke Malek criticized the Club for Growth's support for Russ Fulcher.
“If you’re like me, you’re offended the D.C. special interests are sending nearly $1 million dollars into this state to buy this race,” Malek said. “A group that Mike Huckabee calls the ‘Club for Greed’ has decided that Russ Fulcher … should be the one who should be the next congressman from Idaho. The last time the Club for Greed came to Idaho and bought an empty seat for a congressman, he lasted for two years and then he was beaten by a Democrat.”
Fulcher said the following about the group's involvement: “Let’s face it — it’s always nice to get some help, especially on a race of this magnitude. So I’ve been really happy and thankful.”[21]
Endorsements
Know of any endorsements? Email us at editor@ballotpedia.org.
| Republican candidate endorsements | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endorsement | Date | Fulcher | Leroy | Malek | Snyder | |
| Federal figures | ||||||
| Former vice presidential candidate and Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin[22] | May 14, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| U.S. Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.)[23] | May 14, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| Former U.S. Sen. Larry Craig (R-Idaho)[3] | March 31, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas)[24] | March 6, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| U.S. Rep. Raul Labrador (R)[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| U.S. Rep. Mark Meadows (R-N.C.)[25] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan (R-Oh.)[25] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Alex Jones, InfoWars[22] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Roger Stone, former advisor to Donald Trump[22] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State figures | ||||||
| Norm Semanko, former Idaho GOP chairman[26] | May 3, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| Frank VanderSloot, businessman and Republican donor[27] | May 2, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| Former Idaho Gov. Phil Batt[22] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Former Idaho Gov. Dirk Kempthorne[22] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Idaho Treasurer Ron Crane[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Senate Majority Leader Chuck Winder[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Clifford Bayer[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Lee Heider[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Mary Souza[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Steve Vick[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Lori Den Hartog[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Dean Mortimer[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Steven Thayn[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Vito Barbieri[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Sage Dixon[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Steven C. Harris[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Ron Mendive[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Ronald M. Nate[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Heather Scott[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Christy Zito[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Greg Chaney[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Karey Hanks[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Mike Kingsley[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Dorothy Moon[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Joe Palmer[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. John Vander Woude[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Shawn Keough[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Abby Lee[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Sen. Jim Patrick[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Paul Amador[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Ryan Kerby[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Robert Anderst[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Rick D. Youngblood[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Patrick McDonald[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Clark Kauffman[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Steve Miller[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Fred Wood[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Randy Armstrong[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Neil A. Anderson[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Julie VanOrden[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| State Rep. Marc Gibbs[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Local officials | ||||||
| Tammy de Weerd, Mayor of Meridan[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Mike Vuittonet, West Ada School Board Trustee[8] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Steve Widmyer, Mayor of Coeur d’Alene[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Ron Jacobsen, Mayor of Post Falls[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Steve Griffitts, Mayor of Hayden[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Heidi Acuff, Mayor of Fernan[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Steve Roberge, Mayor of Dalton Gardens[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Mac Pooler, Mayor of Kellogg[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Organizations | ||||||
| Idaho Statesman[29] | May 9, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| Republican Main Street Partnership[30] | April 26, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| Idaho Choose Life[31] | April 22, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| The American Conservative Union[32] | March 9, 2018 | ✔ | ||||
| House Freedom Fund[33] | December 5, 2017 | ✔ | ||||
| FreedomWorks[34] | November 29, 2017 | ✔ | ||||
| Club for Growth[35] | November 27, 2017 | ✔ | ||||
| Citizens United[25] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Family Research Council[25] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Professional Fire Fighters of Idaho[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| Idaho Grain Producers Association[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
| North Idaho Building Contractors Association[28] | Unknown | ✔ | ||||
How did the candidates differ?
Support for 2018 omnibus spending bill
According to the Idaho Statesman, Luke Malek was the only candidate who said he would have supported the $1.3 trillion omnibus spending bill that passed Congress in March 2018 and was signed by President Trump, even though he said he opposed its increase in spending levels.
Malek said, “To me this job is not worth doing if I’m not a problem-solver. I’m a conservative guy, but there’s a job to be done back there.”[3]
Support for Donald Trump
- Russ Fulcher: Fulcher touted his support for Trump's agenda in a campaign ad released in April 2018. He was not included in an Idaho Statesman article where candidates were asked about their support for Trump.[4]
- David Leroy: Leroy voted for Marco Rubio in the 2016 presidential primary, but he voted for Trump in the 2016 general election and said that, if elected to Congress, he would "work with the president, even though I don't always appreciate everything he does, or especially everything he says."[4]
- Luke Malek: Malek wrote in a vote for independent Evan McMullin in the 2016 presidential election rather than voting for Trump. He cited Trump's comments about women--particularly those about Fox News anchor Megyn Kelly in 2015-- as the reason why he did not support him. After Trump came to office, Malek said he agreed with his approach to mining regulations and wanted to work with him on healthcare policy. He added, "I think his approach is different than mine will ever be, but as someone who values my own authentic approach to issues, I have come to really appreciate the way he owns his unique approach."[4]
- At a debate on April 29, Malek said, "I was raised in a household where you respect women and some of things that he's said about women have really gotten under my skin, but again, I agree with him where he's taking this country."[36]
Balanced budget constitutional amendment
At a debate on April 29, Fulcher, Leroy, Michael Synder, and Christy Perry said they would support a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Luke Malek said he would not actively seek an amendment, but he did believe that Congress should pass what he called a "responsible budget."[36]
Campaign strategies and tactics
Campaign advertisements
Russ Fulcher
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David Leroy
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Campaign themes and policy stances
Russ Felcher
The following policy positions were listed on Felcher's website:
| “ |
Patient-Centric Alternatives for Healthcare It also means removing federal healthcare mandates, while at the same time allowing people to increase their resources to pay for healthcare and healthcare insurance – tax free. These include letting people do more with tax-free Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) and other healthcare accounts for people to have options in the paying for healthcare and healthcare insurance. And, it means allowing people to buy in large groups (“association buying”) in the individual health insurance market. This is crucial because the high premiums that characterize the individual health insurance market hurt low-income, working Idahoans. I support a healthcare system where choice, transparency, competition, and fewer federal healthcare mandates will empower individuals with lower costs and greater access to high-quality healthcare and insurance. We don’t need government-controlled healthcare. We need a “parallel path” based more on market and private charity alternatives where individuals and families can access good healthcare. Addressing Medicaid Expansion As a former State Senator with a solid record of empowering citizens, I know our great state must deal with competing demands on a limited budget. And yet, the federal government proposes to expand Medicaid, acting as if the status quo of borrowing more than 40 cents on every dollar spent is sustainable. It is not. I will not stand by as the federal government continues to obligate state taxpayers to do more with borrowed federal money. When elected to Congress, I will not allow our state to be put under more financial stress from irresponsible federal budgets coming out of Washington, D.C. When it comes to Medicaid expansion, Idaho must find a way to be in control to ensure the vulnerable in our state get the sense of ownership and obligation that comes with personal responsibility. They must be incentivized to exercise better healthcare options tied to specific outcome goals. At the end of the day, if we give people better job options, lower healthcare costs, and provide more choice and competition in health insurance, these programs become unnecessary. We must reform Medicaid, integrating innovations, technology, incentives, and responsibility to control costs and improve health outcomes. We owe it to the taxpayers of Idaho to move people from Medicaid to full independence. In the meantime, we have to get a better return on investment for every dollar spent. Stronger Economic Growth Meanwhile, the costs of healthcare, groceries, and other items keep rising with Idaho not adopting patient-centric healthcare alternatives, eliminating the tax on groceries, cutting regulations, or controlling government spending. I spent my professional career as a businessman traveling the world promoting Idaho’s economy. I know what it will take to get this economy moving again. We will get the federal government out of the way so Idaho businesses can grow. We will build on educating and training our workforce for jobs in growth industry sectors throughout our state, removing excessive federal mandates that act as an obstacle to ensuring Idaho has the most competitive workforce in the world. And, we will unleash responsibly our natural resources to create business and job opportunities in every part of our state. I pledge to do all I can to make Idaho the best place in the world to start a business, locate a business, and run a business. It will have a highly skilled and educated workforce – both today and in the future. And it will be a state that becomes unshackled from federal burdens that limit its growth. I will not let excessive federal intrusions and fiscal irresponsibility from making Idaho, once again, that “sparkling gem” to guide our people and this nation to economic prosperity. Creating High-Wage Jobs If the federal government helps Idaho focus on our strengths – human resources, natural resources, technology, agriculture, healthcare, competitive business tax climate, and a highly skilled and educated workforce – by getting out of the way, we could create high-wage jobs that will bring prosperity to families and entrepreneurs, as well as ensure state and local governments throughout our state get the funds they need to meet their constitutional requirements. Together, we can do this! Managing and Protecting Idaho’s Natural Resources I will do all I can to shift responsibility for Idaho’s natural resources from the federal government to the people State of Idaho; thus reducing Idaho’s dependence on a broke and broken federal government. I will do all I can to ensure those resources are accessible, protected, and managed in a way that benefits the people of Idaho. We need to protect against the government selloff of natural resources. We can use our natural resources more wisely: to create higher paying jobs, protecting the environment, and managing lands more responsibly than the federal government. Lower Federal Tax and Regulatory Burdens However, the Constitution also gives state and local governments responsibilities. That means eliminating wasteful federal tax and regulatory burdens that force Idaho and local governments throughout our state to have to spend money to comply with government regulations. If we got rid of redundant and wasteful federal rules, governments throughout our state could save money and meet their regulatory obligations. I will do all I can to cut taxes the way I got a grocery tax credit, returning more than $600 million per year to Idaho’s hardworking families. If we eliminated redundant and wasteful federal regulations and reformed the federal tax code, we could make it easier to start a business and create jobs, retrain and educate oneself for success, and give families more opportunities to save and invest for their and their children’s future. I will work closely with my colleagues in the Idaho State Legislature to focus on those most damaging federal taxes and mandates to our state and our people. Controlling Our National Budget and Debt I support policies that reduce federal spending and borrowing. I will use my legislative and business experience to build coalitions in the Congress and my business executive experience to negotiate with the White House to lower federal debt so that we don’t saddle our children and grandchildren with this financial burden. I will remove redundant and wasteful federal programs, agencies, and departments, working closely with my colleagues in the Idaho State Legislature on the targeting, prioritization, and reduction of these federal burdens. Currently, about 36% of Idaho’s state budget is funded with federal dollars. We have become a subsidiary of the federal government, a funding source that is both broke and broken given its unsustainable borrowing. Our state’s dependence on a Washington, D.C. must be reduced. That means reducing costly federal mandates and taxes that soak up scarce state resources in compliance. That is the first step we can take to empower Idahoans to provide them with more opportunities to thrive and prosper. Idaho-Managed Education Idaho must have the opportunity to build an education system that provides high-quality training to ensure a competitive workforce. That includes opportunities for re-training to get people back to work in emerging industries. Rather than imposing federal regulations on our state, I believe the federal government should limit its role in education. It should promote choice and quality, with an eye to getting the best education outcome for every dollar spent. Whether it’s public, private, charter, digital or home school, the success of the student must come first. That’s why Idahoans, not the federal government, should control our own education system. Defend and Advance America I will do all I can to ensure our military remains strong: Well-trained; fully equipped; and ready to protect and defend our country. I will also push to end the budgetary gridlock that so often entangles our military. We need a steady spending stream in our defense to ensure the military can plan around procurement, construction, and training that are the backbone of readiness should a crisis occur or should we need to deploy for a longer period of time to protect our interests abroad. This is important in part, because our constitution gives Congress – specifically, the House of Representatives – with the power over “war and peace.” I oppose nation-building and excessively long engagements that lack a definition and strategy to win. The job of the military is to fight and win wars, defending our homeland and our interests only. I also oppose any military operation that is not approved and supported by a proper act of the Congress and led by the U.S. military. Foreign policy is also an area the U.S. Constitution bestows a responsibility onto the federal government. Diplomacy, trade and economic relations, and various foreign support programs, can help to advance American interests and deter conflict. However, any action or program must be approved and supported by a proper act of the Congress, and led by American government entities. I believe the United States must act within its own interests and that this must be the guidepost of any actions we take abroad. Fighting Terrorism Defending Against Cyberattacks Addressing Immigration Defending Gun Rights Supporting Life Managing Wolves |
” |
| —Russ Felcher's 2018 campaign website[38] | ||
David Leroy
The following policy positions were listed on Leroy's website:
| “ |
TAXES & SPENDING Republicans and Democrats in Congress have an addiction to spending – they authorize, borrow and print money even when we don’t have the funds to pay for it! This addiction will soon destroy the republic. America carries the burden of $20 trillion in debt - that’s $60,000 for every man, woman, and child. We spend $1.14 for each dollar in revenue collected. As an Idaho businessman, I know that tough choices need to be made to restore fiscal sanity in Washington and balance the budget. The time is now to slash spending, remove duplicative programs and agencies, and get our fiscal house in order. GOVERNMENT REFORM IMMIGRATION REFORM AND BORDER SECURITY 100% PRO-LIFE EDUCATION AND CAREER TRAINING HEALTHCARE REFORM 2ND AMENDMENT NATIONAL SECURITY IDAHO LANDS |
” |
| —David Leroy's 2018 campaign website[39] | ||
Luke Malek
The following policy positions were listed on Malek's website:
| “ |
Keeping Faith with America’s Veterans An issue of particular concern is the veterans’ healthcare system, which has lost the faith of countless veterans, is rife with deficiencies, and desperately needs reformed. While Luke is encouraged by David Shulkin’s – Secretary of Veterans Affairs – commitment to improve the VA health system, repairing and modernizing the VA must be one of our top priorities. Any reform must consider the needs of rural veterans, who often live hundreds of miles from the nearest VA facility, and guarantee that they have timely access to quality care, free of bureaucratic red tape. Caring from our veterans isn’t just about healthcare though. We must protect and strengthen the GI Bill while providing mid-career veterans access to job training that builds on the skills they developed while on active duty. We must do more to make sure veterans have access to affordable home and business loans. For those veterans who have recently separated from active duty, making the transition to civilian life as seamless as possible, while providing counseling and other necessary resources is, essential to maintaining and honoring our nation’s commitment to their service. Protecting the Unborn Standing Up to Wasteful Spending More than 10% of Medicaid spending in 2016 was fraudulent and Medicare made $41.1 billion in improper payments. Taxpayers are on the hook for everything from mohair wool subsidies to providing affordable housing for artists in San Francisco. But, when conservatives in Congress try to remove these wasteful line items from the budget, they’re told that a few million dollars here and there won’t make a difference. Hard working taxpayers know better and it’s time that Congress started minding its pennies so the dollars take care of themselves. As your representative, Luke will ensure that Congress reduces spending and reins in the contractors and bureaucrats who see taxpayer money as a blank check. Luke looks forward to working with his Idaho counterparts in the Senate to ensure entitlements and support bills to end the earmark process and create commissions to find wasteful government programs. The government can fulfill its responsibilities —defending the nation, maintaining infrastructure, caring for America’s veterans, etc.— without over-burdening taxpayers. Americans deserve to get the most value out of every dollar. Managing Idaho’s Public Lands It’s laughable that environmentalists in California, New York, and Massachusetts, or unelected bureaucrats in Washington, D.C. think they know more about managing Idaho’s unique public lands than we do. Luke will support policies that seek to allow those who are in the best position to find a balanced approach to multiple use and competing interests to control these lands – the locals. Further, Luke believes that only Congress should have the power to create new protected areas. A president should not have the unilateral power to close off public lands. We need accountability in the land management process to protect our state. Developing Common Sense Immigration Policy A sound immigration policy is one that balances security and the needs of American industry, while ensuring everyone is paying their way. Luke believes that all of the stakeholders – agricultural producers, immigrant groups, small businesses, and law enforcement – deserve to be heard before any changes to the immigration system are made. Border security and immigration reforms should be enacted to stem the flow of drugs into the country and crackdown on human trafficking. As a former prosecutor, Luke also believes that more must be done to ensure that dangerous criminals are removed from our country. Defending the Second Amendment Improving America’s Education System Luke believes that our students should have access to vocational and technical programs that prepare them for 21st century jobs. Community colleges are a critical tool to get training for the next generation of our workforce to get good paying jobs. Furthermore, those who attend four-year colleges should graduate career ready, instead of drowning in debt. Congress needs to rethink how we educate our students with an eye toward growing and strengthening our workforce and our economy. Supporting Idaho’s Core Industries: Agriculture, Timber and Mining Agriculture production is essential to the United States’ economy, health, and prosperity. Idaho grows the finest produce, grain, and livestock, and our farmers and ranchers are valued members of our communities. If elected to Congress, Luke will request a seat on the House Committee on Agriculture. Luke believes in eliminating burdensome regulations, negotiating fair trade deals, and strengthening our agricultural communities through sound rural policy. He will strive to secure a Farm Bill that supports these communities as its primary goal. Timber and mining built Idaho, and thousands of Idahoans still work in our forests and mines. Idaho’s communities know how best to balance our environment and our economic needs. Good-paying jobs shouldn’t be endangered by policies written by outsiders. Strengthening these industries means supporting innovation, fighting over-regulation, and re-negotiating trade deals to put America’s resources first. |
” |
| —Luke Malek's 2018 campaign website[40] | ||
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
| Race ratings: Idaho's 1st Congressional District election, 2018 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| October 30, 2018 | October 23, 2018 | October 16, 2018 | October 9, 2018 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season. | |||||||||
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+21, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 21 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Idaho's 1st Congressional District the 32nd most Republican nationally.[41]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.12. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.12 points toward that party.[42]
State overview
Partisan control
This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Idaho heading into the 2018 elections.
Congressional delegation
- Republicans held both U.S. Senate seats in Idaho.
- Republicans held two of the two U.S. House seats in Idaho.
State executives
- As of May 2018, Republicans held seven of 14 state executive positions; the other seven were nonpartisan offices.
- Heading into the 2018 election, the sitting governor of Idaho was Butch Otter (R).
State legislature
- Republicans controlled both chambers of the Idaho State Legislature. They had a 59-11 majority in the state House and a 29-6 majority in the state Senate.
Trifecta status
Idaho was a Republican trifecta, meaning that the Republican Party held the governorship, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House.
2018 elections
- See also: Idaho elections, 2018
Idaho held elections for the following offices in 2018:
- U.S. House
- Governor
- Six lower state executive offices
- State Senate
- State House
- State Supreme Court
- Intermediate appellate courts
- Local judges
- School boards
- Municipal elections
Demographics
| Demographic data for Idaho | ||
|---|---|---|
| Idaho | U.S. | |
| Total population: | 1,652,828 | 316,515,021 |
| Land area (sq mi): | 82,643 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White: | 91.7% | 73.6% |
| Black/African American: | 0.6% | 12.6% |
| Asian: | 1.3% | 5.1% |
| Native American: | 1.3% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander: | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Two or more: | 2.6% | 3% |
| Hispanic/Latino: | 11.8% | 17.1% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate: | 89.5% | 86.7% |
| College graduation rate: | 25.9% | 29.8% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income: | $47,583 | $53,889 |
| Persons below poverty level: | 16.9% | 11.3% |
| Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Idaho. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
As of July 2017, Idaho had a population of approximately 1,716,943 people, and its three largest cities were Boise (pop. est. 223,154), Meridian (pop. est. 95,623), and Nampa (pop. est. 91,382).[43]
State election history
This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Idaho from 2000 to 2016.
Historical elections
Presidential elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Idaho every year from 2000 to 2016.
| Election results (President of the United States), Idaho 2000-2016[44] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2016 | Donald Trump |
59.26% |  Hillary Clinton |
27.49% | 31.77% |
| 2012 | Mitt Romney |
64.53% | Barack Obama |
32.62% | 31.91% |
| 2008 | John McCain |
61.52% | Barack Obama |
36.09% | 25.43% |
| 2004 | George W. Bush |
68.38% | John Kerry |
30.26% | 38.12% |
| 2000 | George W. Bush |
67.17% | Al Gore |
27.64% | 39.53% |
U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Idaho from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.
| Election results (U.S. Senator), Idaho 2000-2016[44] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2016 | Mike Crapo |
66.13% | Jerry Sturgill |
27.73% | 38.40% |
| 2014 | Jim Risch |
65.33% | Nels Mitchell |
34.67% | 30.66% |
| 2010 | Mike Crapo |
71.18% | Tom Sullivan |
24.93% | 46.25% |
| 2008 | Jim Risch |
57.65% | Larry LaRocco |
34.11% | 23.54% |
| 2004 | Mike Crapo |
99.18% | Scott McClure |
0.82% | 98.36% |
| 2002 | Larry Craig |
65.16% | Allan Blinken |
32.55% | 32.61% |
Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2014
This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2014. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Idaho.
| Election results (Governor), Idaho 2000-2016[45] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2014 | C. L. 'Butch' Otter |
53.52% | A. J. Balukoff |
38.55% | 14.97% |
| 2010 | C. L. 'Butch' Otter |
59.11% | Keith Allred |
32.85% | 26.26% |
| 2006 | C. L. 'Butch' Otter |
52.67% | Jerry Brady |
44.11% | 8.56% |
| 2002 | C. Dirk Kempthorne |
56.28% | Jerry Brady |
41.73% | 14.55% |
Trifectas, 1992-2017
A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.
Idaho Party Control: 1992-2026
No Democratic trifectas • Thirty-two years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
See also
- United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho, 2018
- United States House elections in Idaho (May 15, 2018 Republican primaries)
- Idaho's 1st Congressional District election (May 15, 2018 Democratic primary)
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2018
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Idaho Press-Tribune, "Fulcher says he could work with Simpson," April 30, 2018
- ↑ Spokesman-Review, "Candidates flock to race for open Idaho congressional seat," May 6, 2018
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Idaho Statesman, "7 people in 1 race? GOP nod for Congress may rely on who you recognize," April 3, 2018
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Idaho Statesman, "Idaho candidates 'appalled' by Trump in the past, woo his supporters now," April 24, 2018
- ↑ Ratings are based on projections found in Larry Sabato, The Rothenberg & Gonzales Political Report, and The Cook Political Report. These ratings are updated periodically throughout the election season.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Coeur d'Alene Press, "CRAIG ENDORSES MALEK," March 31, 2018
- ↑ Idaho Statesman, "Russ Fulcher makes it official: He’s leaving Idaho governor’s race to run for Congress," June 15, 2017
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 Russ Fulcher for Congress, "Endorsements," accessed February 23, 2018
- ↑ Russ Fulcher for Congress, "Meet Russ," accessed February 23, 2018
- ↑ Dave Leroy for Congress, "Meet Dave," accessed February 23, 2018
- ↑ Spokesman-Review, "David Leroy announces candidacy for 1st District congressional seat," May 11, 2017
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Spokesman-Review, "Malek is in: CdA state lawmaker is running for Congress," August 16, 2017
- ↑ Luke Malek for Congress, "Meet Luke," accessed February 23, 2018
- ↑ Pew Research Center, "What is the House Freedom Caucus, and who’s in it?" October 20, 2015
- ↑ Politico, "Conservatives split off from Republican Study Committee," January 13, 2015
- ↑ House Freedom Fund, "Endorsements," accessed May 15, 2018
- ↑ Some candidates were not formally endorsed by the caucus but said they would join if elected. See a list of all Freedom Caucus-affiliated candidates here.
- ↑ This includes all seats not held by members of the Freedom Caucus prior to the 2018 elections, including those held by Democrats.
- ↑ Idaho Spokesman-Review, "Idaho GOP candidates report latest congressional fundraising," April 17, 2018
- ↑ FEC, "Federal Election Commission", accessed February 13, 2018
- ↑ Idaho Press-Tribune, "Club for Growth pours more than $639K into Idaho to boost Fulcher in 1st CD race," May 7, 2018
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Idaho Statesman, "From Khizr Khan to Roger Stone, Idaho candidates get some big-name endorsements," May 14, 2018
- ↑ Idaho Press-Tribune, "Rand Paul parts ways with Raul Labrador on who should fill Labrador's House seat," May 14, 2018
- ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "Ted Cruz Endorses Russ Fulcher in Idaho Congressional Race," March 6, 2018
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Idaho Statesman, "Russ Fulcher: I'm uniquely qualified to help Idaho as its new 1st District congressman," May 12, 2018
- ↑ Idaho Statesman, "Semanko letter: Elect Fulcher," May 3, 2018
- ↑ Idahoed News, "A WEDNESDAY ELECTION ENDORSEMENT ROUNDUP," May 2, 2018
- ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 28.19 28.20 28.21 28.22 28.23 Luke Malek for Congress, "Endorsements," accessed February 23, 2018
- ↑ Idaho Statesman, "Malek has the makings of a good representative for Idaho's 1st Congressional District," May 9, 2018
- ↑ Roll Call, "Republican Main Street Partnership Backs 10 Recruits," April 26, 2018
- ↑ Idaho Spokesman, "GOP candidate clarifies abortion claim in campaign ad," April 22, 2018
- ↑ The Spokesman-Review, "American Conservative Union endorses David Leroy in Idaho congressional race," March 9, 2018
- ↑ House Freedom Fund, "ID-01: Russ Fulcher for Congress," December 5, 2017
- ↑ Russ Felcher for Congress, "FreedomWorks PAC Endorses Russ Fulcher for Congress," November 29, 2017
- ↑ Russ Felcher for Congress, "Club for Growth PAC Endorses Russ Fulcher for Congress," November 27, 2017
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 News Observer, "6 GOP candidates spar in Idaho congressional debate," April 30, 2018
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Russ Felcher for Congress, "Issues," accessed February 23, 2018
- ↑ David Leroy for Congress, "Issues," accessed February 23, 2018
- ↑ Luke Malek for Congress, "Issues," accessed February 23, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "QuickFacts Nampa city, Idaho; Meridian city, Idaho; Boise City city, Idaho; Idaho," accessed January 8, 2018
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Federal Election Commission, "Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives," accessed January 5, 2018
- ↑ Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, "Idaho Election Results," accessed January 5, 2018
