Indiana State Senate

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Indiana State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Republican
Session start:[1]   January 4, 2021
Session end:[1]   April 22, 2021
Term length:   4 years
Term limits:   None
Redistricting:  Legislature-dominant
Salary:   $28,102.50/year + per diem
Members
Total:  50
Democrats:  11
Republicans:  39
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Suzanne Crouch (R)
Maj. Leader:   Mark Messmer (R)
Min. Leader:   Timothy Lanane (D)
Elections
Last election:  November 3, 2020
Next election:  November 8, 2022

The Indiana State Senate is the upper chamber of the Indiana General Assembly. Alongside the Indiana House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Indiana state government and works alongside the governor of Indiana to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Indiana State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Indiana State Senate meets in the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, Indiana.

The Indiana General Assembly approved new state legislative district maps on October 1, 2021, and Gov. Eric Holcomb (R) signed the new district boundaries into law on October 4, 2021. The Indiana Senate Republican caucus released its first draft of state Senate districts on September 20, 2021, and the Indiana House Republican caucus released its first proposed state House district maps on September 14, 2021. The Indiana state Senate approved final legislative district boundaries by a vote of 36-12, with all votes to approve by Republicans. Eleven Senate Democrats joined State Sen. Ron Grooms (R) in voting against the maps. The Indiana House of Representatives approved final district maps by a vote of 64-25. All votes in favor were by Republicans with 22 Democrats and three Republicans voting against.[2][3]

The full legislative history of Indiana's redistricting proposals, including House and Senate committee reports and proposed amendments, can be found here at the Indiana General Assembly's website. These maps take effect for Indiana's 2022 legislative elections.[4]

Click here for more information about redistricting after the 2020 census.

  • A total of 25 seats out of the chamber's 50 seats were up for election in 2020. The chamber's Republican majority decreased from 40-10 to 39-11. Click to read more »
  • Indiana has a Republican state government trifecta. A trifecta exists when one political party simultaneously holds the governor’s office and majorities in both state legislative chambers. As of October 9, 2021, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 12 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control. In the 2020 election, Republicans had a net gain of two trifectas and two states under divided government became trifectas. Prior to that election, Indiana had a Republican trifecta. There were 21 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 14 divided governments.

    • This page contains the following information on the Indiana State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Indiana State Senate as of October 2021:

    Party As of October 2021
         Democratic Party 11
         Republican Party 39
         Vacancies 0
    Total 50

    Members

    Leadership

    The lieutenant governor serves as president of the Senate.[5]

    Current leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Indiana State Senate District 1 Frank Ed Mrvan Jr. Democratic 1998
    Indiana State Senate District 2 Lonnie Randolph Democratic 2008
    Indiana State Senate District 3 Eddie Melton Democratic November 9, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 4 Karen Tallian Democratic 2005
    Indiana State Senate District 5 Ed Charbonneau Republican 2007
    Indiana State Senate District 6 Rick Niemeyer Republican November 5, 2014
    Indiana State Senate District 7 Brian Buchanan Republican February 12, 2018
    Indiana State Senate District 8 Mike Bohacek Republican November 9, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 9 Ryan Mishler Republican 2004
    Indiana State Senate District 10 David Niezgodski Democratic November 9, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 11 Linda Rogers Republican November 7, 2018
    Indiana State Senate District 12 Blake Doriot Republican November 9, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 13 Susan Glick Republican 2010
    Indiana State Senate District 14 Dennis Kruse Republican 2004
    Indiana State Senate District 15 Liz Brown Republican November 5, 2014
    Indiana State Senate District 16 Justin Busch Republican November 6, 2018
    Indiana State Senate District 17 Andy Zay Republican December 20, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 18 Stacey Donato Republican September 11, 2019
    Indiana State Senate District 19 Travis Holdman Republican 2008
    Indiana State Senate District 20 Scott Baldwin Republican November 4, 2020
    Indiana State Senate District 21 James Buck Republican 2008
    Indiana State Senate District 22 Ronnie Alting Republican 1998
    Indiana State Senate District 23 Phil Boots Republican 2006
    Indiana State Senate District 24 John Crane Republican November 9, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 25 Timothy Lanane Democratic 1997
    Indiana State Senate District 26 Mike Gaskill Republican November 7, 2018
    Indiana State Senate District 27 Jeff Raatz Republican November 5, 2014
    Indiana State Senate District 28 Michael Crider Republican November 7, 2012
    Indiana State Senate District 29 J.D. Ford Democratic November 7, 2018
    Indiana State Senate District 30 Fady Qaddoura Democratic November 4, 2020
    Indiana State Senate District 31 Kyle Walker Republican November 17, 2020
    Indiana State Senate District 32 Aaron Freeman Republican November 9, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 33 Greg Taylor Democratic 2008
    Indiana State Senate District 34 Jean Breaux Democratic 2006
    Indiana State Senate District 35 Michael Young Republican 2000
    Indiana State Senate District 36 Jack Sandlin Republican November 9, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 37 Rodric D. Bray Republican November 7, 2012
    Indiana State Senate District 38 Jon Ford Republican November 5, 2014
    Indiana State Senate District 39 Eric Bassler Republican November 5, 2014
    Indiana State Senate District 40 Shelli Yoder Democratic November 4, 2020
    Indiana State Senate District 41 Greg Walker Republican 2006
    Indiana State Senate District 42 Jean Leising Republican 2008
    Indiana State Senate District 43 Chip Perfect Republican November 5, 2014
    Indiana State Senate District 44 Eric Koch Republican November 9, 2016
    Indiana State Senate District 45 Chris Garten Republican November 7, 2018
    Indiana State Senate District 46 Ron Grooms Republican 2004
    Indiana State Senate District 47 Erin Houchin Republican November 5, 2014
    Indiana State Senate District 48 Mark Messmer Republican November 5, 2014
    Indiana State Senate District 49 Jim Tomes Republican 2010
    Indiana State Senate District 50 Vaneta Becker Republican 2005


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislators
    SalaryPer diem
    $28,102.50/year$183/day. Unvouchered.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Indiana legislators assume office the day after their general election.[6]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    To be eligible to serve in the Indiana State Senate, a candidate must be:[7]

    • A United States citizen at the time of election
    • Have resided in the state for at least two years and in the Senate district for at least one year before the election
    • Be at least twenty-five (25) years old upon taking office
    • Registered to vote in the election district the person seeks to represent not later than the deadline for filing the declaration or petition of candidacy or certificate of nomination.

    Historical party control

    From 1992 to 2020, the Indiana State Senate was controlled by the Republican Party. Republicans started with a slim majority in the early 1990s, but they increased their seat share over the next 20 years and held a strong majority by 2020. The table below shows the partisan history of the Indiana State Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2020. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Indiana State Senate Party Control: 1992-2020

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20
    Democrats 22 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 17 14 13 10 9 10 11
    Republicans 28 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 36 37 40 41 40 39

    The Indiana State Senate was somewhat competitive from 1900 to 2020, switching partisan control 10 times during that period. Of the 10 times partisan control changed, six occurred between 1960 and 1978. Despite the changes in control, the chamber was mostly in Republican hands. When Democrats took control, they usually held it for a few election cycles. After Republicans won a majority in 1978, Democrats did not regain control through the 2020 elections.

    In 1992, Republicans took a 28-22 majority in the chamber. In the elections that followed they almost always gained seats. By 2004, they held a 33-17 lead over Democrats. In 2010, Republicans gained three seats, putting them at 36. They gained another seat in 2012, even though the national climate favored Democrats, and then three more in 2014, when the national climate favored Republicans.

    In 2016, Republicans gained another seat and Democrats had less than 10 seats. The 41-9 GOP advantage following the 2016 election was the largest the chamber had seen since 1920. Republicans lost three seats between the 2018 and 2020 elections, bringing the chamber to 38-11 (with one vacancy). The chamber's Republican gains from 2010 to 2016 were in line with a national trend toward Republican state legislatures during the presidency of Barack Obama (D). From 2009 to 2017, Democrats experienced losses in state legislative elections, totaling 968 seats altogether.

    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2021, Indiana was under the following types of trifecta control:

    Democratic trifecta: None
    Republican trifecta: 2005-2006, 2011-2021
    Divided government: 1992-2004, 2007-2010

    Indiana Party Control: 1992-2021
    No Democratic trifectas  •  Thirteen years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
    Governor D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Senate R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D R R D D D D D D D D R R D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Indiana state senators serve staggered, four-year terms and half of the Senate is up for election every two years. Indiana holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2022

    See also: Indiana State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for the Indiana State Senate will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022. A primary is scheduled for May 3, 2022. The filing deadline is February 4, 2022.

    2020

    See also: Indiana State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Indiana State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for June 2, 2020. The filing deadline was February 7, 2020.

    In 2020, Republicans retained their majority in the state Senate, losing one seat to the Democrats for a partisan breakdown of 39-11.


    Indiana State Senate
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 10 11
         Republican Party 40 39[8]
    Total 50 50

    2018

    See also: Indiana State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Indiana State Senate took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on May 8, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The major party candidate filing deadline was February 9, 2018. The independent and third-party candidate filing deadline was July 2, 2018.[9]

    In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Indiana State Senate was reduced from 41-9 to 40-10.

    Indiana State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 9 10
         Republican Party 41 40
    Total 50 50

    2016

    See also: Indiana State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Indiana State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on May 3, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was February 5, 2016. Twenty-five of 50 total seats were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 40-10 majority. Republicans gained one seat in the election, giving them a 41-9 majority.

    Indiana State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 10 9
         Republican Party 40 41
    Total 50 50

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Indiana General Assembly, the state committee of the party that last held the seat must appoint a replacement. This is contingent upon the approval of the respective state chairperson of the party. Any vacant seat held by an independent must be filled by a special election.[16]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Indiana Code §3-13-5-0.1

    District map

    See also: Indiana state legislative districts

    The state of Indiana has 150 legislative districts. Each district elects one representative. The state Senate has 50 districts and the state House has 100 districts.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.

    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Indiana

    In Indiana, the state legislature is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. The legislature must approve a redistricting plan by the close of the first legislative session occurring after completion of the United States Census. The governor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.[17][18]

    In the event that both chambers of the state legislature do not approve a congressional redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines. The commission comprises the following members:[18]

    1. Speaker of the House
    2. President Pro Tempore of the Senate
    3. Chair of the Elections Committee, Indiana State Senate
    4. Chair of the Elections and Apportionment Committee, Indiana House of Representatives
    5. A gubernatorial appointment

    The Indiana Constitution mandates that state legislative districts be contiguous. There are no such requirements for congressional district lines.[17]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Indiana after the 2020 census

    The Indiana General Assembly approved new state legislative district maps on October 1, 2021, and Gov. Eric Holcomb (R) signed the new district boundaries into law on October 4, 2021. The Indiana Senate Republican caucus released its first draft of state Senate districts on September 20, 2021, and the Indiana House Republican caucus released its first proposed state House district maps on September 14, 2021. The Indiana state Senate approved final legislative district boundaries by a vote of 36-12, with all votes to approve by Republicans. Eleven Senate Democrats joined State Sen. Ron Grooms (R) in voting against the maps. The Indiana House of Representatives approved final district maps by a vote of 64-25. All votes in favor were by Republicans with 22 Democrats and three Republicans voting against.[19][20]

    The full legislative history of Indiana's redistricting proposals, including House and Senate committee reports and proposed amendments, can be found here at the Indiana General Assembly's website. These maps take effect for Indiana's 2022 legislative elections.[4]

    After the General Assembly approved the maps, House Speaker Todd Huston said, "We're incredibly grateful for the work of Representative Greg Steuerwald and Senator Eric Koch who tirelessly and thoughtfully led the way on drawing these maps. Redistricting is a complex and important process that impacts all Hoosiers. We're thankful for the hundreds of constituents who shared their feedback along the way, and I'm confident we delivered fair maps that ensure every Hoosier vote counts."[21]

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    This map takes effect for Indiana’s 2022 legislative elections.

    Indiana enacted state Senate map.png

    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Indiana after the 2010 census

    Census figures for Indiana were released on December 21, 2010, showing the state's population grew 6.6 percent to almost 6.5 million. The redistricting process began the week of April 11, 2011. On April 20, both chambers of the Indiana General Assembly approved redistricting plans.[22] The Senate concurred with the House plan by a 37-12 vote on April 27, 2011.[23] Governor Mitch Daniels signed Indiana's redistricting plan on Tuesday, May 10, 2011.[24]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Indiana State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by the House and signed by the governor after its passage in the Senate. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Indiana by year

    2021

    See also: 2021 Indiana legislative session and Dates of 2021 state legislative sessions

    In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 4, 2021, and adjourn on April 22, 2021.


    2020

    See also: 2020 Indiana legislative session and Dates of 2020 state legislative sessions

    In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 6, 2020, and adjourn on March 11, 2020.

    Effect of coronavirus pandemic

    See also: Changes to state legislative session dates in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020
    Covid vnt.png
    Coronavirus pandemic
    Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.


    Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. No modifications to state legislative activity in Indiana were made.


    2019

    See also: 2019 Indiana legislative session and Dates of 2019 state legislative sessions

    In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 3, 2019, through April 24, 2019.

    2018

    See also: 2018 Indiana legislative session and Dates of 2018 state legislative sessions

    In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 2, 2018, through March 16, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here.


    About legislative sessions in Indiana

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[33] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article 4 of the Indiana Constitution establishes when the Indiana General Assembly, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 9 of Article 4 states that the General Assembly will begin its regular session on the Tuesday following the second Monday in January of each year. However, Section 9 allows the starting date for the session to be changed by law. This has happened in Indiana in 2010, as the General Assembly's session convened on January 5 instead of the constitutionally designated date, which was January 12. Section 9 also gives the Governor of Indiana the power to call special sessions of the General Assembly.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and redistricting.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Republican Party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Indiana are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? A majority of members in both chambers.

    A simple majority of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 51 of the 100 members in the Indiana House of Representatives and 26 of the 50 members in the Indiana State Senate. Indiana is one of six states that requires a majority vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

    Vetoes can be overridden when the next regular session convenes, even if an election has occurred.[34][35]

    Authority: Article 5, Section 14 of the Indiana Constitution.

    "If the Governor returns the bill under clause (A), the House in which the bill originated shall enter the Governor's objections at large upon its journals and proceed to reconsider and vote upon whether to approve the bill. The bill must be reconsidered and voted upon within the time set out in clause (C). If, after such reconsideration and vote, a majority of all the members elected to that House shall approve the bill, it shall be sent, with the Governor's objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered and voted upon, and, if approved by a majority of all the members elected to that House, it shall be a law."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Indiana state budget and finances
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    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[36]

    1. In early summer of the year preceding the beginning of the new biennium, budget instructions are sent to state agencies.
    2. By September 1, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
    3. Hearings are held with state agencies from November to April.
    4. The governor submits his or her budget to the state legislature in January.
    5. The legislature typically adopts a budget in April, effective for the fiscal biennium beginning in July. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.


    There are no constitutional or statutory provisions mandating that the governor submit or the legislature pass a balanced budget. Budget deficits may be carried over to the next biennium.[36]

    Indiana is one of six states in which the governor cannot exercise line item veto authority.[36]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Indiana state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Indiana State Senate has 22 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Indiana Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article 16 of the Indiana Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Indiana
    Indiana Constitution
    Flag of Indiana.png
    Preamble
    Articles
    1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16

    The amendment procedures available under the Indiana Constitution are more restrictive than those of most other states. Only legislatively referred constitutional amendments can be used to amend the constitution, and this procedure is more restrictive in Indiana than in most states, since any proposed amendment must be approved in two successive sessions of the Indiana General Assembly before it can go to a vote of the people. Article 16 also does not say anything about how a constitutional convention could be held or called. The constitutions of more than 40 of the other states do lay out a procedure for calling a constitutional convention.

    Indiana does not feature the power of citizen initiative for either initiated constitutional amendments or initiated state statutes.

    Article 16 details how the legislatively referred constitutional amendment process works in Indiana:

    • An amendment can be proposed in either chamber of the Indiana General Assembly.
    • An amendment must be agreed to by a simple majority of the members elected to each of the two chambers.
    • If that happens, the same amendment can be proposed in the next session of the legislature that convenes after a general election has taken place.
    • If the amendment is approved by a simple majority vote of both chambers of the general assembly in that second legislative session, the amendment is then submitted to a statewide vote of the people at a general election.
    • If a majority of those voting on the question approve it, the proposed amendment becomes part of the Indiana Constitution.



    2021 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2021 ballot by the legislature.

    See also: 2021 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures were certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list



    See also

    Elections Indiana State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Indiana State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 This date reflects the regularly-scheduled date and does not reflect any change made as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. For more information on changes to state legislative sessions as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, click here.
    2. ↑ Indiana House of Representatives Republican Caucus, "GOP statements on initial drafts of Indiana House and Congressional district maps," September 14, 2021
    3. ↑ IndyStar, "Gov. Holcomb signs Indiana's redistricting maps into law," October 4, 2021
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Indiana Senate Republicans, "General Assembly approves new congressional, state legislative districts," Oct. 1, 2021
    5. ↑ Indiana Archives and Records Administration, "Indiana Constitution, Article IV, Section 16," accessed February 4, 2021
    6. ↑ Indiana General Assembly, "Indiana Constitution, Article 4, Section 3," accessed February 5, 2021
    7. ↑ Indiana Elections Division, "2020 Indiana Candidate Guide," accessed February 5, 2021
    8. ↑ James Merritt (R) resigned from the Indiana State Senate effective November 4, 2020
    9. ↑ Indiana Secretary of State, "2018 Indiana Election Calendar," accessed February 9, 2021
    10. ↑ Follow the Money: "Indiana Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions"
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "Indiana 2008 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    12. ↑ Follow the Money, "Indiana 2006 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    13. ↑ Follow the Money, "Indiana 2004 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    14. ↑ Follow the Money, "Indiana 2002 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    15. ↑ Follow the Money, "Indiana 2000 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    16. ↑ Indiana General Assembly, "Indiana Code," accessed February 5, 2021 (§3-13-5-0.1)
    17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 All About Redistricting, "Indiana," accessed April 6, 2015
    18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Brennan Center for Justice, "Indiana," accessed April 6, 2015
    19. ↑ Indiana House of Representatives Republican Caucus, "GOP statements on initial drafts of Indiana House and Congressional district maps," September 14, 2021
    20. ↑ IndyStar, "Gov. Holcomb signs Indiana's redistricting maps into law," October 4, 2021
    21. ↑ Indiana Senate Republicans, "General Assembly approves new congressional, state legislative districts 10.1.21," October 1, 2021
    22. ↑ Eagle Country Online, "Democrats Unhappy With Redistricting Maps," April 21, 2011
    23. ↑ Fox News Latino, "Indiana Assembly Approves New Electoral Map," April 28, 2011
    24. ↑ Forbes, "Ind. gov signs 80 bills into law, including budget," May 11, 2011 (dead link)
    25. ↑ WAVE, "Road funding tops session for Indiana legislature," January 5, 2016
    26. ↑ The Associated Press, "Indiana lawmakers kicking off 2016 session today," January 5, 2016
    27. ↑ indianapublicmedia.org, "4 Issues To Watch In The Upcoming State Legislative Session," January 3, 2015
    28. ↑ indianaeconomicdigest.net, "Legislators sort key issues of the General Assembly's 2013 session," April 28, 2013
    29. ↑ Indianapolis Star, "Lawmakers face rematch with 'thousand-pound gorilla,'" January 3, 2012
    30. ↑ Indianapolis Star, "Rare joint hearing accelerates 'right to work' bill," January 6, 2012
    31. ↑ Stateline.org, "States balance budgets with cuts, not taxes," June 15, 2011(Archived)
    32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Pew Charitable Trusts, "Clerical error eliminates Indiana's largest state agency," July 11, 2011
    33. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed February 5, 2021
    34. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "The Veto Process," accessed June 22, 2017
    35. ↑ Indianapolis Business Journal, "Indiana Senate votes to override two Pence vetoes," February 14, 2017
    36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2015," accessed February 5, 2021
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