An Initiative to the People is the name of direct initiated state statutes in the state of Washington. An initiated state statute is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends state statute. There are 21 states that allow citizens to initiate state statutes, including 14 that provide for direct initiatives and nine (9) that provide for indirect initiatives (two provide for both). An indirect initiated state statute goes to the legislature after a successful signature drive. The legislatures in these states have the option of approving the initiative itself, rather than the initiative appearing on the ballot.
Citizens of Washington can also initiate indirect initiated state statutes, which are called Initiatives to the Legislature.
History and statistics
The people of Washington acquired the right to initiative and referendum in 1912, when voters approved an Amendment to Article II, Section 1 of the Washington Constitution. The measure was approved by voters in a vote of 72.49% to 28.41%.
The first Initiative to the People was filed on January 2, 1914, and a second version was refiled on January 8, 1914. This measure, titled Initiative 3, was certified for the November 3, 1914, ballot. Voters approved the measure, which prohibited the production and distribution of alcohol, regulated the transportation and keeping of alcohol, provided for enforcement and fixed penalties for violations of the act. Six other Initiatives to the People were on the 1914 ballot.[1]
The most recent ITP was on the ballot in 2024.
Between 1912 and March 10, 2023, Washington citizens filed 2,009 Initiatives to the People, of which, 155 were certified for the ballot. Of the 155 measures, 82 (52.90%) were approved and 73 (47.09%) were rejected.[2]
Type |
Number Filed (1914-2024) |
Number On the ballot |
% On ballot |
Approved |
Approved % |
Rejected |
Rejected %
|
ITP |
2,009 |
155 |
6.37% |
82 |
52.90% |
73 |
47.09%
|
ITL |
1,728 |
37 |
2.03% |
18 |
48.64% |
19 |
51.35%
|
Initiatives by year
Below are the Initiatives to the People that have been certified for the ballot in Washington in the past. For a list of Initiatives to the Legislature that were voted on, click here.
2022
- See also: Washington 2022 ballot measures
There were no ITPs on the 2022 ballot.
2021
- See also: Washington 2021 ballot measures
There were no ITPs on the 2021 ballot.
2020
- See also: Washington 2020 ballot measures
The 2020 election was the first presidential election year since 1928 in which the Washington ballot did not feature an Initiative to the People (ITP).
2018
- See also: Washington 2018 ballot measures
2016
- See also: Washington 2016 ballot measures
2015
- See also: Washington 2015 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 1366 |
Taxes |
Decreases the sales tax rate, unless the legislature refers a two-thirds vote for tax increases amendment to the ballot |
a
|
ITP |
Initiative 1401 |
Animals |
Toughens penalties for trafficking in rare animal species |
a
|
2014
- See also: Washington 2014 ballot measures
2012
- See also: Washington 2012 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 1185 |
Taxes |
Would require either two-thirds legislative approval or a vote by the people in order to raise taxes. |
a ot
|
ITP |
Initiative 1240 |
Education |
Allow 40 public charter schools in the state over five years. |
a
|
2011
- See also: Washington 2011 ballot measures
2010
- See also: Washington 2010 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 1053 |
Taxes |
Will require two-thirds supermajority vote of the Washington State Legislature, or a statewide vote, for tax increases |
a
|
ITP |
Initiative 1082 |
Labor |
Would amend workers' compensation insurance in the state |
d
|
ITP |
Initiative 1098 |
Taxes |
Taxes gross income above $200,000 for individuals, $400,000 for couples. Reduces state property tax by 20% and reduces certain business and occupation taxes |
d
|
ITP |
Initiative 1100 |
Alcohol |
Closes state liquor stores and authorizes sale, distribution, & importation by private parties |
d
|
ITP |
Initiative 1105 |
Alcohol |
Close all state liquor stores and license private parties to sell or distribute spirits. Revises certain laws concerning regulation, taxation and state revenues |
d
|
ITP |
Initiative 1107 |
Taxes |
Would repeal certain 2010 amendments to state tax laws including a sales tax on candy and bottled water and a temporary excise tax on soda pop |
a
|
2009
- See also: Washington 2009 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP
|
Initiative 1033
|
Taxes
|
Limit growth of certain state, county and city revenue to annual inflation and population growth
|
d
|
2008
- See also: Washington 2008 ballot measures
November 4, 2008
Type | Title | Subject | Description | Result |
Yes Votes |
No Votes |
CISS
|
Initiative 1000 | Assisted death | Permit mentally competent, terminally ill adults to request and self-administer a lethal overdose of prescribed medication. |
a
|
1,715,219 (58%)
|
1,251,255 (42%)
|
CISS
|
Initiative 1029 | Labor; Healthcare governance | Require long-term care workers to be trained and certified as home care aides. |
a
|
2,113,773 (73%)
|
800,733 (27%)
|
CISS
|
Initiative 985 | Taxes; Transportation | Open high-occupancy vehicle lanes during specified hours and the allocation of certain revenues to traffic-flow purposes. |
|
1,163,216 (40%)
|
1,744,156 (60%)
|
2007
- See also: Washington 2007 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
I-960 |
Taxes |
Approval of two-thirds of legislature, or voter approval, for tax increases, public information about tax increases |
a
|
2006
- See also: Washington 2006 ballot measures
2005
- See also: Washington 2005 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
I-900 |
Admin of gov't |
Performance audits of state and local government agencies and entities |
a
|
ITP |
I-901 |
Smoking bans |
Prohibit smoking in public places and in places of employment |
a
|
ITP |
I-912 |
Taxes |
Repeal motor vehicle fuel tax increases of 3 cents in 2005 and 2006, 2 cents in 2007, and 1.5 cents per gallon in 2008 |
d
|
2004
- See also: Washington 2004 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
I-872 |
Elections |
"Top two primary" allowing voters to select among all candidates in a primary. |
a
|
ITP |
I-884 |
Taxes |
Increase retail sales tax by 1%, spend increased tax revenues on education |
d
|
ITP |
I-892 |
Gambling |
Authorize licensed non-tribal gambling establishments to operate the same type and number of machines as tribal governments |
d
|
2003
- See also: Washington 2003 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
I-841 |
Labor |
No new ergonomics regulations unless a uniform federal standard is required |
a
|
2002
- See also: Washington 2002 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
I-776 |
Transportation |
License tab fees to be $30 per year for motor vehicles |
a
|
ITP |
I-790 |
Labor |
Police and fire fighter retirement funds under control of board of trustees |
a
|
2001
- See also: Washington 2001 ballot measures
2000
- See also: Washington 2000 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP
|
I-713 |
Hunting |
Misdemeanor to use or authorize the use of any steel-jawed leghold trap |
a
|
ITP |
I-722 |
Taxes |
Null and void any tax increases adopted without voter approval |
a
|
ITP |
I-728 |
Education |
Student achievement fund to provide building improvements relating to class-size reductions |
a
|
ITP |
I-729 |
Education |
Authorize the establishment of charter public schools |
d
|
ITP |
I-732 |
Education |
Automatic cost-of-living increases each year to all school district employees |
a
|
ITP |
I-745 |
Transportation |
New road and lane construction top priority for transportation improvements |
d
|
1999
- See also: Washington 1999 ballot measures
1998
- See also: Washington 1998 ballot measures
1997
- See also: Washington 1997 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
I-673 |
Healthcare |
Can health insurance plans be regulated as to provision of services by designated health care providers |
d
|
ITP |
I-676 |
Firearms |
Can the transfer of handguns without trigger-locking devices be prohibited |
d
|
ITP |
I-677 |
Labor |
Can employment discrimination based on sexual orientation be prohibited |
d
|
ITP |
I-678 |
Healthcare |
Allow dental hygienists to perform more services |
d
|
ITP |
I-685 |
Marijuana |
Reduce penalties for marijuana possession and use |
d
|
1996
- See also: Washington 1996 ballot measures
1995
- See also: Washington 1995 ballot measures
1994
- See also: Washington 1994 ballot measures
1993
- See also: Washington 1993 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 593 |
Judiciary |
"Three Strikes" law in sentencing criminals with three other serious offenses |
a
|
ITP |
Initiative 601 |
Taxes |
Limit state expenditures to rate of inflation and population growth |
a
|
ITP |
Initiative 602 |
Taxes |
Tax collections and state expenditures limited by a factor based on personal income |
d
|
1992
- See also: Washington 1992 ballot measures
1991
- See also: Washington 1991 ballot measures
1990
- See also: Washington 1990 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 547 |
Environment |
"Shall state growth and environmental protection goals be implemented by measures including local comprehensive land use planning and development fees?" |
d
|
1988
- See also: Washington 1988 ballot measures
1984
- See also: Washington 1984 ballot measures
November 6, 1984
Type | Title | Subject | Description | Result |
Yes Votes |
No Votes |
CISS
|
Initiative 456 | Fishing; American Indian issues | Provide that natural resources should be managed by the state alone and petition the United States Congress to decommercialize steelheads. |
a
|
916,855 (53%)
|
807,825 (47%)
|
CISS
|
Initiative 464 | Taxes | Exclude the value of a trade-in from the selling price for sales and use tax purposes when trading in property of like kind |
a
|
1,175,781 (69%)
|
529,560 (31%)
|
CISS
|
Initiative 471 | Abortion | Prohibit the public funding of abortion except to prevent the death of the pregnant woman or her unborn child. |
|
838,083 (47%)
|
949,921 (53%)
|
1982
- See also: Washington 1982 ballot measures
November 2, 1982
Type | Title | Subject | Description | Result |
Yes Votes |
No Votes |
CISS
|
Initiative 412 | Business | Provide a maximum annual interest rate of 12% for retail installment contracts. |
|
452,710 (34%)
|
880,135 (66%)
|
CISS
|
Initiative 414 | Environment | Provide for a minimum five cent recycling refund on soft drinks and alcohol sales. |
|
400,156 (29%)
|
965,951 (71%)
|
CISS
|
Initiative 435 | Taxes | Replace state sales tax on food, state corporate business tax, and the occupation tax with a 10% franchise tax on corporations. |
|
453,221 (34%)
|
889,091 (66%)
|
LRCA
|
SJR 143 | Economic investment; Taxes | Authorize the creation of districts to finance development projects through tax revenues from increased property values. |
|
393,030 (31%)
|
882,194 (69%)
|
1981
- See also: Washington 1981 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 394 |
Energy |
Voter approval prior to issuing bonds for construction/acquisition of major public energy projects |
a
|
ITP |
Initiative 402 |
Taxes |
Abolish inheritance and gift taxes |
a
|
1980
- See also: Washington 1980 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 383 |
Transportation |
Shall Washington ban the importaion and storage of non-medical radioactive wastes generated outside Washington, unless otherwise permitted by interstate compact? |
a
|
1978
- See also: Washington 1978 ballot measures
November 7, 1978
Type | Title | Subject | Description | Result |
Yes Votes |
No Votes |
CISS
|
Initiative 350 | Public education governance | Prohibit school authorities from assigning students to other than the nearest or next-nearest school. |
a
|
585,903 (66%)
|
297,991 (34%)
|
1977
- See also: Washington 1977 ballot measures
1976
- See also: Washington 1976 ballot measures
1975
- See also: Washington 1975 ballot measures
1973
- See also: Washington 1973 ballot measures
1972
- See also: Washington 1972 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 258 |
Gambling |
Authorizing each city with a population over 150,000 to grant one franchise permitting greyhound racing meets; prescribing qualifications for franchises; authorizing parimutuel wagering; allowing franchisees ten percent of all moneys wagered; requiring payment of a tax of five percent of parimutuel machine gross receipts in lieu of all other taxes to the licensing city; authorizing the licensing city to pay not to exceed two and one-half percent of the net tax after subtracting costs to the county; and repealing inconsistent acts |
d
|
ITP |
Initiative 261 |
Alcohol |
An Act repealing existing statutes relating to the establishment and operation of state liquor stores; extending the state sales tax to sales of intoxicating liquor at retail; providing for the licensing of retailers of liquor and for the registration of each brand or label of liquor to be sold; and prohibiting the state of Washington from reselling any liquor either at retail or wholesale |
d
|
ITP |
Initiative 276 |
Elections and Campaigns |
An Act relating to campaign financing, activities of lobbyists, access to public records, and financial affairs of elective officers and candidates; requiring disclosure of sources of campaign contributions, objects of campaign expenditures, and amounts thereof; limiting campaign expenditures; regulating the activities of lobbyists and requirng reports of their expenditures; restricting use of public funds to influence legislative decisions; governing access to public records; specifying the manner in which public agencies will maintain such records; requiring disclosure of elective officials' and cadidates' financial interests and activities; establising a public disclosure commission to administer the act; and providing civil penalties |
a
|
1970
- See also: Washington 1970 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 251 |
Taxes |
An initiative declaring that existing taxes imposed by the state of Washington shall not be increased and that no new or additional taxes shall be imposed by the state of Washington |
d
|
ITP |
Initiative 256 |
Business Regulation |
An act prohibiting the sale or distribution of beer or any other malt beverage, or of any nonalcoholic mineral water, soda water, or other carbonated or uncarbonated beverage (commonly known as soft drinks) for consumption in this state in cans, bottles, jugs, tubs, vessels or other receptacles not having a refund value of at least five cents for each such container |
d
|
1968
- See also: Washington 1968 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 242 |
Alcohol |
Rules governing when a breathalyzer to determine blood alcohol content can be legally administered |
a
|
ITP |
Initiative 245 |
Business Regulation |
Allowable maximum service charges on installment sales of goods and services |
a
|
1966
- See also: Washington 1966 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 226 |
Taxes |
An Act relating to revenue and taxation and providing for the allocation and distribution of one-tenth of the state collected retail sales tax and use tax revenues to cities and towns |
d
|
ITP |
Initiative 229 |
Admin of gov't |
An Act repealing an existing statute which declares it to be a crime (misdemeanor) for any person, on the first day of the week (Sunday) to promote any noisy or boisterous sport or amusement |
a
|
ITP |
Initiative 223 |
Transportation |
An act regarding train crew requirements in the railroad industry |
a
|
1964
- See also: Washington 1966 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 215 |
Natural Resources |
An Act Providing for the use of monies, derived from existing motor vehicle fuel taxes paid by purchasers of fuel used in watercraft and not reclaimed by them as presently allowed by law, for the acquisition or improvement of land on fresh or salt water for marine recreational purposes |
a
|
1962
- See also: Washington 1962 ballot measures
1960
- See also: Washington 1960 ballot measures
1958
- See also: Washington 1958 ballot measures
1956
- See also: Washington 1956 ballot measures
1954
- See also: Washington 1954 ballot measures
1952
- See also: Washington 1952 ballot measures
1950
- See also: Washington 1950 ballot measures
Type
|
Title
|
Subject
|
Description
|
Result
|
ITP |
Initiative 172 |
Welfare |
Transferring the public assistance medical program to the State Department of Health |
a
|
ITP |
Initiative 176 |
Welfare |
Increased to $65.00 a month the minimum grant for certain categories of public assistance |
d
|
1948
- See also: Washington 1948 ballot measures
1946
- See also: Washington 1946 ballot measures
1944
- See also: Washington 1944 ballot measures
1940
- See also: Washington 1940 ballot measures
1938
- See also: Washington 1938 ballot measures
1936
- See also: Washington 1936 ballot measures
1934
- See also: Washington 1934 ballot measures
1932
- See also: Washington 1932 ballot measures
1930
- See also: Washington 1930 ballot measures
1924
- See also: Washington 1924 ballot measures
1922
- See also: Washington 1922 ballot measures
1916
- See also: Washington 1916 ballot measures
1914
- See also: Washington 1914 ballot measures
Other types of ballot measures
Most ballot measures are placed on the ballot through citizen initiatives or legislative processes. Others are placed on the ballot automatically, by a special commission, or by a state constitutional convention. The following is a list of different types of state ballot measures:
See also
External links