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Institutional Eligibility Under the Higher Education Act of 1965 rule (2023)

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The Institutional Eligibility Under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as Amended; Student Assistance General Provisions; Federal Perkins Loan Program; Federal Family Education Loan Program; and William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program rule is a significant rule issued by the Office of Postsecondary Education, U.S. Department of Education (ED) effective July 1, 2023. The rule amended several programs under the Higher Education Act to forgive federal student loans for those who meet certain requirements. ED issued the rule pursuant to its authority under the Higher Education Act.[1]

HIGHLIGHTS
  • Name: Institutional Eligibility Under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as Amended; Student Assistance General Provisions; Federal Perkins Loan Program; Federal Family Education Loan Program; and William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program
  • Code of Federal Regulations: 34 CFR 600, 668, 674, 682, and 685
  • Agency: Office of Postsecondary Education, U.S. Department of Education (ED)
  • Action: Final rule
  • Type of significant rule: Economically significant rule

    • Timeline

    The following timeline details key rulemaking activity:

    Background

    The U.S. Department of Education (ED) argued that student loan debts keep many Americans from entering the middle class and that between 2012 and 2022, student debt payment had slowed. To combat the financial burden of student debt on Americans, ED amended its federal student loan programs. To do so, ED formed a committee in 2021 with what they contended to be adequate representatives for the constituencies of the federal loan programs they sought to amend. The committee negotiated amendments to the loan programs and ED held three public hearings to receive comments on the rulemaking agenda. ED subsequently published the proposed rule in 2022, reviewed comments, and then issued the final rule to take effect in 2023.[1]

    Summary of the rule

    The following is a summary of the rule from the rule's entry in the Federal Register:

    “ The Secretary establishes new regulations governing the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program to establish a new Federal standard and a process for determining whether a borrower has a defense to repayment on a loan based on an act or omission of their school. We also are amending the Direct Loan Program regulations to prohibit participating schools from using certain contractual provisions regarding dispute resolution processes and to require certain notifications and disclosures by institutions (institutions or schools) regarding their use of mandatory arbitration. Additionally, we are amending the Direct Loan regulations to eliminate interest capitalization in instances where it is not required by statute. We are also amending the regulations governing closed school discharges and total and permanent disability (TPD) discharges in the Federal Perkins Loan (Perkins), Direct Loan, and Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) programs. We are also amending the regulations governing false certification discharges in the Direct Loan and FFEL programs. Finally, we are amending the regulations governing Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) in the Direct Loan program to improve the application process, and to clarify and expand definitions for full-time employment, qualifying employers, and qualifying monthly payments. The changes would bring greater transparency and clarity and improve the administration of Federal student financial aid programs to assist and protect students, participating institutions, and taxpayers.[1][2] ”

    Summary of provisions

    The following is a summary of the provisions from the rule's entry in the Federal Register:[1]

    “ The Secretary amends the regulations in seven areas affecting the Direct Loan Program and several areas that also affect the Perkins Loan Program or the FFEL Program. First, we amend the regulations governing the Direct Loan Program to establish a new Federal standard and process for determining whether a borrower has a defense to repayment of a loan. We also limit the use of certain contractual provisions regarding dispute resolution processes by participating institutions and require certain notifications and disclosures by institutions regarding their use of mandatory arbitration. Additionally, we amend the Perkins, Direct Loan, and FFEL program regulations to improve the process for granting TPD discharges by eliminating the income monitoring period, expanding the circumstances in which borrowers can qualify for discharges based on a finding of disability by the Social Security Administration, expanding allowable documentation, and allowing additional health care professionals to provide a certification that a borrower is totally and permanently disabled. We further amend the closed school discharge provisions in the Perkins Loan, Direct Loan, and FFEL programs to expand borrower eligibility for automatic discharges and eliminate provisions pertaining to reenrollment in a comparable program. Additionally, we amend the Direct Loan and FFEL regulations to streamline the regulations governing false certification discharges. We also amend the Direct Loan regulations to eliminate interest capitalization in instances where it is not required by statute. Finally, we amend regulations governing PSLF in the Direct Loan program to improve the application process and to clarify and expand the definitions of full-time employment, employee or employed, and qualifying monthly payments. The changes will bring greater transparency and clarity and improve the administration of Federal student financial aid programs to assist and protect students, participating institutions, and taxpayers.[2] ”

    Significant impact

    See also: Significant regulatory action

    Executive Order 12866, issued by President Bill Clinton (D) in 1993, directed the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to determine which agency rules qualify as significant rules and thus are subject to OMB review.

    Significant rules have had or might have a large impact on the economy, environment, public health, or state or local governments. These actions may also conflict with other rules or presidential priorities. Executive Order 12866 further defined an economically significant rule as a significant rule with an associated economic impact of $100 million or more. Executive Order 14094, issued by President Joe Biden (D) on April 6, 2023, made changes to Executive Order 12866, including referring to economically significant rules as section 3(f)(1) significant rules and raising the monetary threshold for economic significance to $200 million or more.[1]


    The text of the rule states that OMB deemed this rule economically significant under E.O. 12866:

    “ Therefore, based on our estimates, OIRA has determined that this final action is 'economically significant' and subject to OMB review under section 6(a)(3) of Executive Order 12866.[2] ”

    Text of the rule

    The full text of the rule is available below:[1]

    See also

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Federal Register, "Institutional Eligibility Under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as Amended; Student Assistance General Provisions; Federal Perkins Loan Program; Federal Family Education Loan Program; and William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program," February 12, 2024.
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
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