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Joan Huffman
Joan Huffman (Republican Party) is a member of the Texas State Senate, representing District 17. She assumed office in 2009. Her current term ends on January 9, 2029.
Huffman (Republican Party) is running for election for Attorney General of Texas. She declared candidacy for the Republican primary scheduled on March 3, 2026.[source]
Biography
Huffman graduated with a B.A. from Louisiana State University and later graduated with a J.D. from the South Texas School of Law.
In addition to being a senator, Huffman is an attorney and has served as lead prosecutor in over 100 jury trials. Those trials include murders, sexual assaults and aggravated robberies.[1]
2026 battleground election
Ballotpedia identified the March 3, 2026, Republican primary for Texas Attorney General as a battleground election. The summary below is from our coverage of this election, found here.
Joan Huffman (R), Mayes Middleton (R), Aaron Reitz (R), and Chip Roy (R) are running in the Republican primary election for Texas Attorney General on March 3, 2026. The filing deadline is December 8, 2025.
Incumbent Ken Paxton (R) is running in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate in Texas in 2026.
The Texas Tribune's Gabby Birenbaum and Eleanor Klibanoff wrote that "[as] the biggest attorney general's office in a red state, Texas' top lawyer serves an outsized role in the conservative legal movement."[2] Birenbaum also said the race will likely be characterized by candidates "position[ing] themselves as the ideological heirs to Paxton’s conservative legal movement, which has put Texas at the forefront of high-profile cases on religious liberty, abortion and election law."[3]
Huffman was elected to the Texas State Senate in 2008. She previously worked as a prosecutor and a judge.[4] Huffman is campaigning on her legal experience, saying she has worked to "[uphold] the rule of law and [protect] our families."[4] She is also campaigning on her support of law enforcement and public safety, highlighting legislation she wrote that increased penalties for violent crimes, targeted drug trafficking, and funded border security.[4] The Houston Police Officers Union and Texas Department of Public Safety Officers Association endorsed Huffman.[5]
Middleton was elected to the state Senate in 2023 and served in the Texas House of Representatives from 2019 to 2023. He is an attorney and president of an oil company.[6] Middleton is campaigning on his support for President Donald Trump’s (R) agenda, calling himself "a steadfast ally of President Trump and a proven champion of the America First movement."[6] Middleton says he would focus on public safety and would “fight to secure the border, ensure law and order, and be tough on crime."[7] U.S. Rep. Randy Weber (R-Texas) endorsed Middleton.[8]
Reitz is an attorney who served as Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Policy in the U.S. Department of Justice from March to June 2025, and he previously served as Texas’ Deputy Attorney General for Legal Strategy under Paxton.[9][10] Reitz is campaigning on his support of Paxton, saying, "Under Ken Paxton, Texas has been a shining example for the conservative movement on how to fight and win against the enemies of Law, Order, and Liberty."[3] He is also campaigning on his support of and connection to Trump, saying he would "ensure the full weight of the Office of the Attorney General is behind President Trump and his agenda," and noting that Trump called him "a true MAGA attorney."[11][12] Paxton endorsed Reitz.[3]
Roy was elected to the U.S. House in 2019. He previously served as Texas’ First Assistant Attorney General under Paxton.[13] Roy is campaigning on his support of Paxton’s legal approach, saying, "[Paxton] and his team have done a great job fighting to defend Texas … We’re going to continue that legacy going forward."[2] Highlighting his legislative career, Roy says he has experience with border security, supporting law enforcement, and combating election fraud.[14] U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) endorsed Roy.[3]
Elections
2026
See also: Texas Attorney General election, 2026
General election
The primary will occur on March 3, 2026. The general election will occur on November 3, 2026. General election candidates will be added here following the primary.
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Attorney General of Texas
Tony Box, Joe Jaworski, and Nathan Johnson are running in the Democratic primary for Attorney General of Texas on March 3, 2026.
Candidate | ||
| Tony Box | ||
| Joe Jaworski | ||
| Nathan Johnson | ||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for Attorney General of Texas
Joan Huffman, Mayes Middleton, Aaron Reitz, and Chip Roy are running in the Republican primary for Attorney General of Texas on March 3, 2026.
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
Polls are conducted with a variety of methodologies and have margins of error or credibility intervals.[15] The Pew Research Center wrote, "A margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level means that if we fielded the same survey 100 times, we would expect the result to be within 3 percentage points of the true population value 95 of those times."[16] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. For tips from Pew, click here.
Below we provide results for polls from a wide variety of sources, including media outlets, social media, campaigns, and aggregation websites, when available. We only report polls for which we can find a margin of error or credibility interval. Know of something we're missing? Click here to let us know.
| Poll | Dates | Huffman | Middleton | Reitz | Roy | Undecided | Sample size | Margin of error | Sponsor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
– | 12 | 3 | 8 | 40 | 37 | 576 LV | ± 4.1% | N/A | |
– | 4 | 4 | 3 | 38 | 50 | 800 LV | ± 3.5% | Texans for Chip Roy | |
– | 8 | 4 | 7 | 24 | 58 | 473 LV | ± 4.5% | Aaron Reitz for Attorney General | |
– | 12 | 8 | 7 | -- | 73 | 1,500 LV | ± 2.5% | N/A | |
| Note: LV is likely voters, RV is registered voters, and EV is eligible voters. | |||||||||
Election campaign finance
Candidate spending
The tables below contain data from financial reports submitted to state agencies. The data is gathered and made available by Transparency USA. Transparency USA tracks loans separately from total contributions. View each candidates’ loan totals, if any, by clicking “View More” in the table below and learn more about this data here.
Satellite spending
- See also: Satellite spending
Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[17][18][19]
If available, this section includes links to online resources tracking satellite spending in this election. To notify us of a resource to add, email us.
Endorsements
Huffman received the following endorsements. To send us additional endorsements, click here.
2024
See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2024
General election
General election for Texas State Senate District 17
Incumbent Joan Huffman defeated Kathy Cheng in the general election for Texas State Senate District 17 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Joan Huffman (R) | 64.2 | 238,328 | |
| Kathy Cheng (D) | 35.8 | 133,127 | ||
| Total votes: 371,455 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Texas State Senate District 17
Kathy Cheng advanced from the Democratic primary for Texas State Senate District 17 on March 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Kathy Cheng | 100.0 | 21,812 | |
| Total votes: 21,812 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for Texas State Senate District 17
Incumbent Joan Huffman advanced from the Republican primary for Texas State Senate District 17 on March 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Joan Huffman | 100.0 | 70,144 | |
| Total votes: 70,144 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Campaign finance
Endorsements
Ballotpedia did not identify endorsements for Huffman in this election.
2022
See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2022
General election
General election for Texas State Senate District 17
Incumbent Joan Huffman defeated Titus Benton in the general election for Texas State Senate District 17 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Joan Huffman (R) | 65.3 | 179,653 | |
Titus Benton (D) ![]() | 34.7 | 95,320 | ||
| Total votes: 274,973 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Texas State Senate District 17
Titus Benton defeated Miguel Gonzalez in the Democratic primary for Texas State Senate District 17 on March 1, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Titus Benton ![]() | 51.2 | 11,958 | |
| Miguel Gonzalez | 48.8 | 11,393 | ||
| Total votes: 23,351 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for Texas State Senate District 17
Incumbent Joan Huffman advanced from the Republican primary for Texas State Senate District 17 on March 1, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Joan Huffman | 100.0 | 58,841 | |
| Total votes: 58,841 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Campaign finance
2018
- See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2018
General election
General election for Texas State Senate District 17
Incumbent Joan Huffman defeated Rita Lucido and Lauren LaCount in the general election for Texas State Senate District 17 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Joan Huffman (R) | 51.4 | 158,263 | |
| Rita Lucido (D) | 46.8 | 143,978 | ||
Lauren LaCount (L) ![]() | 1.8 | 5,396 | ||
| Total votes: 307,637 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Democratic primary runoff election
Democratic primary runoff for Texas State Senate District 17
Rita Lucido defeated Fran Watson in the Democratic primary runoff for Texas State Senate District 17 on May 22, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Rita Lucido | 57.8 | 10,476 | |
| Fran Watson | 42.2 | 7,659 | ||
| Total votes: 18,135 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Texas State Senate District 17
Rita Lucido and Fran Watson advanced to a runoff. They defeated Ahmad Hassan in the Democratic primary for Texas State Senate District 17 on March 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Rita Lucido | 48.9 | 17,603 | |
| ✔ | Fran Watson | 35.1 | 12,621 | |
| Ahmad Hassan | 16.0 | 5,739 | ||
| Total votes: 35,963 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for Texas State Senate District 17
Incumbent Joan Huffman defeated Kristin Tassin in the Republican primary for Texas State Senate District 17 on March 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Joan Huffman | 72.6 | 36,668 | |
| Kristin Tassin | 27.4 | 13,808 | ||
| Total votes: 50,476 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Overview of 2018 Republican primaries
The 2018 Texas state legislative Republican primaries featured conflict between two factions. One group was opposed to House Speaker Joe Straus (R) and his preferred policies on issues like education financing and property taxes. The anti-Straus wing included members of the Texas Freedom Caucus and organizations such as Empower Texans and Texas Right to Life. The other group was supportive of Straus and his policy priorities. The pro-Straus wing included incumbent legislators allied with Straus and organizations such as the Associated Republicans of Texas and the Texas Association of Business. To learn more about these factions and the conflict between them, visit our page on factional conflict among Texas Republicans.
The primaries occurred on March 6, 2018, with runoffs on May 22, 2018. There were 48 contested state legislative Republican primaries, outnumbering contested primaries in 2016 (43) and 2014 (44). To see our full coverage of the state legislative Republican primaries, including who key influencers were backing and what the primaries meant for the 2019 House speaker's race, visit our primary coverage page.
The charts below outline the March 6 primary races for the state Senate and the state House. They show how the factions performed on election night.
| Texas Senate Republicans | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Before March 6 primaries | After March 6 primaries | |
| Pro-Straus | 2 | 1 | |
| Anti-Straus | 1 | 3 | |
| Unknown | 3 | 3 | |
| Open seats | 1 | - | |
| Runoffs | - | - | |
| Too close to call | - | - | |
| Total | 7 | 7 | |
| Texas House Republicans | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Before March 6 primaries | After March 6 primaries | |
| Pro-Straus | 20 | 20 | |
| Anti-Straus | 4 | 9 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 5 | |
| Open seats | 15 | - | |
| Runoffs | - | 7 | |
| Too close to call | - | - | |
| Total | 41 | 41 | |
2014
- See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2014
Elections for 15 of the 31 seats in the Texas State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on March 4, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in these elections was December 9, 2013. Rita Lucido was unopposed in the Democratic primary, while incumbent Joan Huffman defeated Derek Anthony in the Republican primary. George Hardy was running as a Libertarian candidate, and David Courtney was running as a Green Party candidate. Phil Kurtz filed but did not advance past the Libertarian convention. Huffman defeated Lucido, Hardy and Courtney in the 2014 general election.[20][21][22][23]
2012
- See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2012
Huffman won re-election in the 2012 election for Texas State Senate, District 17. Huffman ran unopposed in the May 29 primary election and won re-election in the general election, which took place on November 6, 2012.[24]
2010
- See also: Texas State Senate elections, 2010
Huffman won re-election to the 17th District Seat in 2010, defeating Libertarian candidate Phil Kurtz in the general election on November 6, 2012.[24]
| Texas State Senate, District 17 2010 General election results | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidates | Votes | Percent | ||
| 112,595 | 83.15% | |||
| Phil Kurtz (L) | 22,802 | 16.84% | ||
2008
On Dec. 16, 2008, Huffman won a special election runoff for the 17th District Seat in the Texas State Senate, defeating opponent Chris Bell.[24]
| Texas State Senate, District 17 (2008) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidates | Votes | Percent | ||
| 24,497 | 56.09% | |||
| Chris Bell | 19,176 | 43.90% | ||
Campaign themes
2026
Ballotpedia survey responses
See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection
Joan Huffman has not yet completed Ballotpedia's 2026 Candidate Connection survey. Send a message to Joan Huffman asking her to fill out the survey. If you are Joan Huffman, click here to fill out Ballotpedia's 2026 Candidate Connection survey.
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You can ask Joan Huffman to fill out this survey by using the buttons below or emailing senatorjoanhuffman@gmail.com.
Campaign website
Huffman's campaign website stated the following:
JOAN HUFFMAN IS KEEPING TEXAS STRONG
- Protecting our border
- Defending our Second Amendment rights from the gun-grabbers
- Safeguarding our elections from fraud
- Standing up for the unborn
- Backing the blue, EVERY SINGLE TIME.
- Keeping Texas forever free, forever safe and forever strong
— Joan Huffman's campaign website (November 20, 2025)
Campaign ads
Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for Joan Huffman while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.
2024
Joan Huffman did not complete Ballotpedia's 2024 Candidate Connection survey.
2022
Joan Huffman did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.
Committee assignments
2023-2024
Huffman was assigned to the following committees:
- Committee of the Whole Senate
- Criminal Justice Committee
- Finance Committee, Chair
- Special Committee on Redistricting, Chair
2021-2022
Huffman was assigned to the following committees:
- Administration Committee
- Criminal Justice Committee, Vice chair
- Finance Committee
- Jurisprudence Committee, Chair
2019-2020
Huffman was assigned to the following committees:
- Administration Committee
- Criminal Justice Committee, Vice-Chair
- Finance Committee
- Senate State Affairs Committee, Chair
2017 legislative session
At the beginning of the 2017 legislative session, this legislator served on the following committees:
| Texas committee assignments, 2017 |
|---|
| • Criminal Justice, Vice chair |
| • Finance |
| • State Affairs, Chair |
2015 legislative session
At the beginning of the 2015 legislative session, Huffman served on the following committees:
| Texas committee assignments, 2015 |
|---|
| • Criminal Justice, Vice-Chair |
| • Finance |
| • State Affairs, Chair |
2013-2014
In the 2013-2014 legislative session, Huffman served on the following committees:
| Texas committee assignments, 2013 |
|---|
| • Finance |
| • Health & Human Services |
| • State Affairs |
2011-2012
In the 2011-2012 legislative session, Huffman served on the following Texas Senate committees:
| Texas committee assignments, 2011 |
|---|
| • Criminal Justice, Vice chair |
| • Health & Human Services |
| • Higher Education |
| • Jurisprudence |
| • State Affairs |
2009-2010
In the 2009-2010 legislative session, Huffman served on the following Texas Senate committees:
| Texas committee assignments, 2009 |
|---|
| • Government Organization |
| • Health & Human Services |
| • Transportation & Homeland Security |
| • Veteran Affairs & Military Installations |
Sponsored legislation
The following table lists bills this person sponsored as a legislator, according to BillTrack50 and sorted by action history. Bills are sorted by the date of their last action. The following list may not be comprehensive. To see all bills this legislator sponsored, click on the legislator's name in the title of the table.
Campaign finance summary
Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.
Scorecards
A scorecard evaluates a legislator’s voting record. Its purpose is to inform voters about the legislator’s political positions. Because scorecards have varying purposes and methodologies, each report should be considered on its own merits. For example, an advocacy group’s scorecard may assess a legislator’s voting record on one issue while a state newspaper’s scorecard may evaluate the voting record in its entirety.
Ballotpedia is in the process of developing an encyclopedic list of published scorecards. Some states have a limited number of available scorecards or scorecards produced only by select groups. It is Ballotpedia’s goal to incorporate all available scorecards regardless of ideology or number.
Click here for an overview of legislative scorecards in all 50 states. To contribute to the list of Texas scorecards, email suggestions to editor@ballotpedia.org.
2024
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2024, click [show]. |
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In 2024, the Texas State Legislature was not in session. |
2023
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2023, click [show]. |
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In 2023, the Texas State Legislature was in session from January 10 to May 29.
|
2022
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2022, click [show]. |
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In 2022, the Texas State Legislature was not in session. |
2021
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2021, click [show]. |
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In 2021, the Texas State Legislature was in session from January 12 to May 31.
|
2020
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2020, click [show]. |
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In 2020, the Texas State Legislature was not in session. |
2019
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2019, click [show]. |
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In 2019, the Texas State Legislature was in its 86th legislative session from January 8 through May 27.
|
2018
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2018, click [show]. |
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In 2018, the Texas State Legislature did not hold a regular session. |
2017
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2017, click [show]. |
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In 2017, the Texas State Legislature was in its 85th legislative session from January 10 through May 29. A special session was held from July 18 to August 15.
|
2016
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2016, click [show]. |
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In 2016, the Texas State Legislature did not hold a regular session. |
2015
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2015, click [show]. |
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In 2015, the Texas State Legislature was in its 84th legislative session from January 13 through June 1.
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2014
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2014, click [show]. |
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In 2014, the Texas State Legislature did not hold a regular session. |
2013
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2013, click [show]. |
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In 2013, the Texas State Legislature was in its 83rd legislative session from January 8 through May 27. Thirty minutes after the regular session ended, Governor Rick Perry called legislators back for a special session starting that evening.[25] Two additional called sessions were held from July 1 through July 30 and July 30 through August 5.[26]
|
2012
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2012, click [show]. |
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In 2012, the Texas State Legislature did not hold a regular session. |
2011
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2011, click [show]. |
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In 2011, the Texas State Legislature was in its 82nd legislative session from January 11 through May 30. A special session was called for May 31 through June 29.[26]
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See also
2026 Elections
External links
|
Candidate Attorney General of Texas |
Officeholder Texas State Senate District 17 |
Footnotes
- ↑ The Senate of Texas, "Texas Senator," accessed May 24, 2014
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Texas Tribune, "U.S. Rep. Chip Roy, Paxton aide turned foe, to run for Texas attorney general," August 21, 2025
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The Texas Tribune, "Cruz, Paxton issue dueling endorsements in Texas attorney general GOP primary," August 25, 2025
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Joan Huffman 2026 campaign website, "About," accessed October 13, 2025
- ↑ Joan Huffman 2026 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed October 13, 2025
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mayes Middleton 2026 campaign website, "Home," accessed October 13, 2025
- ↑ Mayes Middleton 2026 campaign website, "Conservative Republican Mayes Middleton Announces Campaign for Texas Attorney General," April 15, 2025
- ↑ Mayes Middleton 2026 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed October 13, 2025
- ↑ Texas Office of the Attorney General, "Attorney General Ken Paxton Congratulates Aaron Reitz on Being Sworn in as Assistant Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice," March 31, 2025
- ↑ The Texas Tribune, "Aaron Reitz, former top DOJ official and Paxton aide, launches bid for Texas attorney general," June 12, 2025
- ↑ "Aaron Reitz 2026 campaign website, "On the Issues," accessed October 13, 2025
- ↑ Aaron Reitz 2026 campaign website, "Home," accessed October 13, 2025
- ↑ Representative Chip Roy, "About," accessed October 13, 2025
- ↑ YouTube, "I'm running for Attorney General of Texas," October 13, 2025
- ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
- ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," December 12, 2021
- ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "1992 - Current ELECTION HISTORY," accessed December 2, 2014
- ↑ Green Party of Texas, "Greens Release Candidate List," accessed July 26, 2014
- ↑ The Libertarian Party of Texas, "2014 Texas Senate Candidates List," accessed July 26, 2014
- ↑ Texas Tribune, "Election Brackets," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Texas Secretary of State, "1992 - Current Election History," accessed February 17, 2014
- ↑ kten.com, "Texas Lawmakers To Tackle Redistricting In Special Session," May 29, 2013
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Legislative reference Library of Texas, "Texas Legislative Sessions and Years," accessed June 13, 2014
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by - |
Texas State Senate District 17 2009-Present |
Succeeded by - |
= candidate completed the 

