John James (Michigan)

John James (Republican Party) is a member of the U.S. House, representing Michigan's 10th Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2023. His current term ends on January 3, 2027.

James (Republican Party) is running for re-election to the U.S. House to represent Michigan's 10th Congressional District. He declared candidacy for the 2026 election.^[source]

James is also running for election for Governor of Michigan. He declared candidacy for the 2026 election.^[source]

Biography

John James served in the U.S. Army from 2004 to 2012. James earned a bachelor's degree in legal studies from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 2004, a master's degree in supply chain management and information systems from Pennsylvania State University in 2014, and a master's degree in business administration from the University of Michigan in 2015. His career experience includes working as the president of James Group International.^[1]^[2]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2025-2026

James was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2023-2024

James was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

Elections

2026

Note: At this time, Ballotpedia is combining all declared candidates for this election into one list under a general election heading. As primary election dates are published, this information will be updated to separate general election candidates from primary candidates as appropriate.

General election

The general election will occur on November 3, 2026.

General election for U.S. House Michigan District 10

The following candidates are running in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on November 3, 2026.

		Candidate
		John James (R)
	Submit photo	Tripp Adams (D)
		Eric Chung (D)
		Tim Greimel (D)
		Alex Hawkins (D)
	Submit photo	Christina Hines (D)
		Brian Steven Jaye (D)
		Casey Armitage (R)
		Steven Elliott (R)
		Robert Lulgjuraj (R)

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Endorsements

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2024

Michigan's 10th Congressional District election, 2024 (August 6 Democratic primary)

Michigan's 10th Congressional District election, 2024 (August 6 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Michigan District 10

Incumbent John James defeated Carl Marlinga, Andrea Kirby, and Mike Saliba in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on November 5, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	John James (R)	51.1	217,437
	Carl Marlinga (D)	45.0	191,363
	Andrea Kirby (Working Class Party)	2.6	11,162
	Mike Saliba (L)	1.3	5,339

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 425,301
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 10

Carl Marlinga defeated Diane Young, Tiffany Tilley, and Emily Busch in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on August 6, 2024.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Carl Marlinga	48.8	32,561
	Diane Young	24.4	16,282
	Tiffany Tilley	13.3	8,861
	Emily Busch	12.8	8,541
	Other/Write-in votes	0.7	464

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 66,709
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 10

Incumbent John James advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on August 6, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John James	100.0	52,871

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 52,871
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Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 10

Mike Saliba advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on July 20, 2024.

		Candidate
✔		Mike Saliba (L)

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Working Class Party convention

Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 10

Andrea Kirby advanced from the Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on June 23, 2024.

		Candidate
✔		Andrea Kirby (Working Class Party)

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Endorsements

James received the following endorsements.

Former President Donald Trump (R)
Citizens for Traditional Values – PAC

Pledges

James signed the following pledges.

Taxpayer Protection Pledge, Americans for Tax Reform
U.S. Term Limits

2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Michigan District 10

John James defeated Carl Marlinga, Andrea Kirby, and Mike Saliba in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on November 8, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	John James (R)	48.8	159,202
	Carl Marlinga (D)	48.3	157,602
	Andrea Kirby (Working Class Party)	1.8	5,905
	Mike Saliba (L)	1.1	3,524
	Other/Write-in votes	0.0	4

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 326,237
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 10

Carl Marlinga defeated Rhonda Powell, Angela Rogensues, Huwaida Arraf, and Henry Yanez in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on August 2, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Carl Marlinga	47.8	32,653
	Rhonda Powell	16.7	11,396
	Angela Rogensues	13.9	9,503
	Huwaida Arraf	13.0	8,846
	Henry Yanez	8.6	5,891

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 68,289
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 10

John James defeated Tony Marcinkewciz in the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on August 2, 2022.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	John James	86.3	63,417
	Tony Marcinkewciz	13.7	10,079

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 73,496
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Eric Esshaki (R)

Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 10

Mike Saliba advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on July 10, 2022.

		Candidate
✔		Mike Saliba (L)

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Working Class Party convention

Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 10

Andrea Kirby advanced from the Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 10 on June 26, 2022.

		Candidate
✔		Andrea Kirby (Working Class Party)

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2020

United States Senate election in Michigan, 2020 (August 4 Republican primary)

United States Senate election in Michigan, 2020 (August 4 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Michigan

The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. Senate Michigan on November 3, 2020.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Gary Peters (D)	49.9	2,734,568
	John James (R)	48.2	2,642,233
	Valerie Willis (U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan)	0.9	50,597
	Marcia Squier (G)	0.7	39,217
	Doug Dern (Natural Law Party)	0.2	13,093
	Leonard Gadzinski (Independent) (Write-in)	0.0	7
	Bob Carr (R) (Write-in)	0.0	5

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 5,479,720
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Watch the Candidate Conversation for this race!

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Gregory Charles Jones (Other)

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Michigan

Incumbent Gary Peters advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Michigan on August 4, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Gary Peters	100.0	1,180,780

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,180,780
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. Senate Michigan

John James advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Michigan on August 4, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John James	100.0	1,005,315

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,005,315
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Bob Carr (R)

Green convention

Green convention for U.S. Senate Michigan

Marcia Squier advanced from the Green convention for U.S. Senate Michigan on June 20, 2020.

		Candidate
✔		Marcia Squier (G)

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Natural Law Party convention

Natural Law Party convention for U.S. Senate Michigan

Doug Dern advanced from the Natural Law Party convention for U.S. Senate Michigan on July 30, 2020.

		Candidate
✔		Doug Dern (Natural Law Party)

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source
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U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan convention

U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan convention for U.S. Senate Michigan

Valerie Willis advanced from the U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan convention for U.S. Senate Michigan on July 25, 2020.

		Candidate
✔		Valerie Willis (U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan)

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2018

See also: United States Senate election in Michigan, 2018

William White, Tom Bagwell, Valerie Willis, and Tim Yow ran as write-in candidates.

General election

Incumbent Debbie Stabenow defeated John James, Marcia Squier, George Huffman III, and John Howard Wilhelm in the general election for U.S. Senate Michigan on November 6, 2018.

General election for U.S. Senate Michigan

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Debbie Stabenow (D)	52.3	2,214,478
		John James (R)	45.8	1,938,818
		Marcia Squier (G)	0.9	40,204
	Submit photo	George Huffman III (U.S. Taxpayers Party)	0.6	27,251
		John Howard Wilhelm (Natural Law Party)	0.4	16,502
		Other/Write-in votes	0.0	18

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 4,237,271 (100.00% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Incumbent Debbie Stabenow advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Michigan on August 7, 2018.

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Michigan

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Debbie Stabenow	100.0	1,045,450

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,045,450
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

See also: United States Senate election in Michigan (August 7, 2018 Republican primary)

John James defeated Sandy Pensler in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Michigan on August 7, 2018.

Republican primary for U.S. Senate Michigan

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	John James	54.7	518,564
	Sandy Pensler	45.3	429,885

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 948,449
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Bob Carr (R)
William White (R)

Campaign themes

2026

Ballotpedia survey responses

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2024

John James did not complete Ballotpedia's 2024 Candidate Connection survey.

2022

John James did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2020

Video for Ballotpedia

Video submitted to Ballotpedia Released July 3, 2020

John James completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey in 2020. The survey questions appear in bold and are followed by James' responses. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.

Expand all | Collapse all

Who are you? Tell us about yourself.

When I was 17, I made the decision to serve my country. I worked my way into the U.S. Military Academy, West Point. After graduating in 2004, I became a Ranger-qualified aviation officer and served with distinction in Operation Iraqi Freedom earning a Combat Action Badge (CAB) and two Air Medals while logging 753.8 flight hours in theater leading two platoons of Apache attack helicopters. I earned a Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy, as well as a Master of Supply Chain Management and Information Systems from Penn State University and a Masters of Business Administration from the University of Michigan. I am also a Lean Six Sigma Black Belt. After I returned to Michigan, I started to work at my family business: James Group International. My father created the company in the 70s and took it from one truck and one trailer and grew it into a $35 million company. As President, I created 100 additional jobs in Michigan and around the country and increased the value to $137 million.

Please list below 3 key messages of your campaign. What are the main points you want voters to remember about your goals for your time in office?

Prosperity Agenda. I am the walking result of the American Dream, but for too many people that dream may never become a reality. We live in the greatest country on Earth. We need to make sure every Michigander who wants to work for it can be on the path to Prosperity. That is why I introduced my Prosperity agenda that focuses on education and entrepreneurship, public health, working families and infrastructure. I believe the American Dream is worth fighting for. I believe the American Dream is worth sacrificing for. I want more people to have a shot at the American Dream.
Status Quo is a no-go. The status quo has left Michigan lurching from crisis to crisis, while career politicians do nothing and get reelected. People are hurting and career politicians have failed us. Whether your home is urban or rural, a neglected neighborhood or forgotten farm, politicians have failed our state and are pitting us against each other to maintain their power. Michiganders need a change. They need a tested leader who will prioritize common purpose and future focus, fix root causes and address real enemies.
Experience Matters. Representation Matters. As the world continues to become a more dangerous place, I have been battle-tested in combat, making life and death decisions in a split second. I know what it takes to keep Americans safe because I've done it before. I know what it takes to create jobs because I've done it before. I have succeeded in the toughest of environments. The best thing we can do for the people in the state of Michigan is to make sure that we have the best representation and the most experienced leadership as we emerge from the physical and economic struggles of COVID and as we seek to repair hundreds of years of racial injustice.

Featured local question

How should America address its health care issues?

We need to have a market-based, patient-centered approach that must protect people with pre-existing conditions. And whatever plan I support must include tort reform and regulatory reform in a manner that lowers cost while increasing quality of care. We must increase transparency and competition to get the best care for folks. I don't think people love the Affordable Care Act so much as they are afraid of losing their healthcare. I want to reform the parts of the Affordable Care Act that don't work, increase the cost of health care, give too many decisions to the government, and offer patients too few options. I oppose the movement to eliminate employer-provided health care in exchange for a nationalized, socialized, single-payer health care system. People in this country have a right to own their own healthcare.

In addition to healthcare reform, we must get to the root causes of overall health in this country. We need a system that emphasizes preventive wellness care so to stop risks before they start. This means more wellness coverage including trauma, addiction, mental health, nutrition and fitness, and health insurance options that are affordable and increase access.

What areas of public policy are you personally passionate about?

1. Education and Entrepreneurship. We must expand education opportunities at all levels. We must support all of our schools--public, private, and charter--and make sure that teachers have the resources that they need and parents have the choices they deserve to give our children the best education possible. We also must focus on adult education programs that allow people to enhance their careers by learning trades and skills that are in demand while also being able to earn a living. We must focus, not just on creating more jobs, but also creating more job creators.

2. Foreign Policy. As a nation, we have taken our eye off the ball on international affairs. Part of the reason we are in the crisis we are in is because our elected officials took their eye off the ball. There are growing spheres of communist influence in Russia and China looking to meddle in our country's affairs. We need to strengthen our alliances and make sure we are a secure and independent nation.

3. Public Health. I support reforms to our healthcare system that create a patient-centered, market driven approach that protects people with pre-existing conditions and at-risk populations, without passing along undue burdens to patients, providers and businesses. But we must also focus our energy getting to the root causes of better health. We must be a healthier nation, with a focus on nutrition, wellness and mental health to overcome addiction and trauma.

What qualities do you possess that you believe would make you a successful officeholder?

I want to go to "the Swamp" just about as badly as I wanted to go to the desert, but I am answering the call to serve again for the same reason: To fight for those who cannot fight for themselves. I'm already running a successful business, I don't need to run for office. Unlike my opponent, I'm not running to protect my livelihood, I'm running to protect yours. I have a passion for service. To me, winning a seat in the U.S. Senate is just the first milestone. What I do with it-- bringing glory to God and making Michigan a better place-is all that matters. I not only believe in family, faith, God and country, but will also do the hard work to create unity and possess the compassion and the courage to do what is right.
The right motivation, coupled with my experience getting results in the toughest environments -from business to the battlefield-is the leadership Michigan needs to both fix the failures of the past and while overcoming the challenges to putting every Michigander back on the path to prosperity in the future.

What is the first historical event that happened in your lifetime that you remember? How old were you at the time?

Eighteen years ago, I sat in my economics class as a sophomore at United States Military Academy in West Point watching the future of our nation unfold. It was Sept. 11, 2001 and as the twin towers came down, I realized that I was watching my future unfold as well. I recognized in that moment that I would be going to war to defend this country and its people. My class, the class of 2004, was the first class that graduated from West Point knowing we were going to go into battle. Many of them did not return. In a world where politicians match failure for failure, the courage to stand up for what is right is scorned and accountability is nonexistent, things are different in the military. It is understood that you take care of your platoon at all points in the mission. You cannot complete the mission at the expense of your personnel. Everybody counts. Mission first, people always.

What is your favorite book? Why?

Psalms. "Great is the LORD and most worthy of praise."

What do you perceive to be the United States’ greatest challenges as a nation over the next decade?

Our first challenge is partisanship-- we need leaders who are proven unifiers because partisanship is tearing the Nation apart. After that, Americans are hurting and scared right now. Whether it's concern for their health well-being, concern about inequality, or simply hopelessness associated with financial anxiety and socio-economic immobility, Americans are desperately seeking wise and compassionate leadership. We need real unity in Michigan and this nation. As malign forces, forgien and domestic, seek to destroy us, we need tested leadership to address the root causes of our persistent challenges with a future focus on a brighter future for America. We must clearly identify both our real enemy and our common purpose - and pursue them both with abandon. I have been a leader and a unifier for my entire life and I will continue to be for the rest of it. But nothing will happen until we fix the partisanship that divides Washington.

Do you believe that it’s beneficial for senators to have previous experience in government or politics?

I certainly believe that experience matters, and challenges that Michigan faces on the road ahead have not and will not be solved by career politicians. Michiganders have been failed for too long by career politicians and their empty promises. I have been battle-tested in combat, making life and death decisions in a split second. I know what it takes to keep Americans safe because I've done it before. I know what it takes to create jobs because I've done it before. I came back from the Army and helped to create jobs in a state that was in a recession, in a city that went bankrupt in an industry that needed to bail out. These are skills sets we are going to need. We need Senators who have real-world experience in Washington, not career politicians who are just trying to get re-elected. We need people who can work to solve problems. My entire life has been dedicated to leading others to a successful outcome, whether it's making sure the troops in my platoons completed their mission without harm, or the employees in my company continued to receive a paycheck and quality health care both before and during a global pandemic. Career politicians have been in office for decades and have no tangible accomplishments to show for it. Career politicians have put partisanship ahead of patriotism. I believe that the experience Michigan needs is the battle-tested experience and real results that I bring to the table.

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Campaign website

James' campaign website stated the following:

“

Battle-Tested Leadership
The challenges Michigan faces on the road ahead have not and will not be solved by career politicians. Michiganders have been failed for too long by career politicians and their empty promises.

I have a proven record of leadership in combat and as a job provider.
I have experience protecting American lives and accomplishing missions in combat and saving workers’ jobs after the recession and financial crisis that Michigan faced.
I care about getting results while career politicians only care about getting reelected. My whole life I have been taught to lead by example which is why all of my employees have access to the same exact health insurance that my family and I are on.

COVID-19 has created a health care crisis and an economic crisis. We need battle-tested leadership to overcome these crises and to prepare for tomorrow’s crises.

We need Senators who have real-world experience in Washington, not career politicians.
We need people who can work to solve problems.
We need battle-tested leadership.

Restore the American Dream I am the walking result of the American Dream. My father, John A. James was born in 1941 in Starkville, Mississippi, across the street from Mississippi State University where, as a black man, he wasn’t allowed to attend. But, though vulnerable, my father refused to be a victim and went to Detroit for opportunity where he took one truck and a dream and grew it into a business that became the family business that thrived. My father chose to believe in the idea of America and American entrepreneurship, even though he had ample reason not to. And that idea is that anyone can accomplish anything in a country that truly offers ‘liberty and justice for all’.

We need to restore the American Dream. Anyone who wants it and is willing to work hard should be able to achieve it. My family went from poverty to prosperity in one generation. For those who want to work for it, there needs to be opportunity to achieve the American Dream.

Today, however, our American Dream is endangered. In these turbulent times, Americans’ economic anxieties are mounting. Career politicians and their special interest contributors have imperiled the American dream by imposing onerous and punitive tax policies; bloated federal spending; unnecessary and costly regulations; unfair trade agreements; and other ills upon our economy.

Despite the past three and half years of significant progress eliminating these ills— our economy boomed and families’ financial anxiety eased— the destruction brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic sent Americans’ economic anxieties rushing back.

Now, more than ever, we must free Americans’ innovative capabilities in the core areas of ideation, capitalization, production, distribution, and consumption.
Now, more than ever, we must strive to build an innovation-driven economy that will revitalize economic liberty and restore prosperity for all Americans.
And now, more than ever, we must restore our American Dream.

Path to Prosperity
Michigan is facing some of the toughest challenges in its history. Our neglected neighborhoods and forgotten farm communities never recovered from the recession 10 years ago and the COVID pandemic situation made it worse.

We must take action to offer, for those who wish to achieve it, a path to prosperity by tearing down barriers, increasing access, and providing economic opportunity to those who are willing to work for it.

Education
An imperative step to widening the path to prosperity is to focus, not just on creating more jobs, but creating more job creators. Let’s reignite the economy, and lay out a pathway to prosperity for urban and rural America to achieve the American Dream.

Workforce Development
Michigan is the manufacturing capital of the world. From food to rocket ships, our workforce can out-work and out-produce any workforce in the world. But we need the right training and skills.

I support allowing 4-day 40-hour work weeks where employees use the time outside to learn a trade or develop higher skills.
In the U.S. Senate I would back key incentives defraying the cost of transportation and childcare.

Childhood Education
A child’s future should not be determined by their zip code now.

We must support all education options—public, charter, and private.
We need to give our teachers the resources they need including class supplies. The pandemic demonstrated how valuable good teachers are to society. Good teachers need to have incentives and compensation to reward them.
K-12 needs to focus on critical thinking skills, mastery of fundamental math, English, and the essential life skills of financial literacy, responsibility, communication, accountability and leadership.
Next, we need to train kids for a career, not just for college. College is one option. Skilled workforce training is another.

Expand Opportunity Zones and Entrepreneurial Opportunities
We must expand the tax base in this country and build up our workforce and our manufacturing at home so that we are more prosperous and more secure. We must act on ways to get more capital in the hands of rural and urban entrepreneurs and let them open up small businesses in disadvantaged and distressed communities.

Building on Opportunity, there should be full support of Senator Tim Scott’s proposal to let state and local governments use the census tract to change opportunity zones to help those in need.
Here at home, we must tend to the pillars of prosperity: low taxes, and tort and regulatory reform.
We must oppose higher, job killing taxes, increase the research and development tax credit, expand small business’ tax credits, amortization, and depreciation schedules for investing and implementing technological innovations and improvements, and index capital gains taxes to the rate of inflation.

Overhauling Infrastructure: Roads, Bridges, Dams, Blight, and Broadband
It’s time we committed to Operation Overhaul and fixed Michigan’s infrastructure by land, sea, and air.

In urban and rural communities, it involves improving our roads, bridges, dams, and sewers.
It also involves blight remediation programs that would tear down dilapidated structures that lower property values and increase criminal activity.
Finally, we need to provide broadband to all families. Students need it. Parents need it. A 21st century economy needs broadband.

Expanding Healthcare
In too many parts of our state, health, “wealth” and security are constantly under threat. This is what happens when our leaders put their personal concerns first and lose sight of those hurting the most. Michiganders deserve better. They deserve leadership that will put their health and their concerns above political gamesmanship

We must emphasize preventative care and more wellness coverage including nutrition and fitness, and health insurance options that are affordable and increase access.
After a lifetime of hard work, we must protect social security and Medicare from career politicians who will raid today what they promised yesterday.
We must stop any attempts to raid and/or underfund the Social Security trust fund or cut our Senior Citizens’ benefits.
And, we must absolutely continue to safeguard health insurance for those with pre- existing conditions.

Better Healthcare
Patient-Centered Reform
We need to have a market-based, patient-centered approach that must protect people with pre-existing conditions. And whatever plan I support must include tort reform and regulatory reform in a manner that lowers cost while increasing quality of care. We must increase transparency and competition to get the best care for folks.

I run an automotive supplier where I make sure my employees have access to the same insurance plan that my own family and I are on. I want to reform the parts of the Affordable Care Act that increase the cost of health care, give too many decisions to the government, and offer patients too few options. People in this country have a right to own their own healthcare.

I oppose the movement to eliminate employer-provided health care in exchange for a nationalized, socialized, single-payer health care system.

Wellness
We need people to be healthy. In addition to healthcare reform, we must get to the root causes of overall health in this country. We need a system that emphasizes preventive wellness care so to stop risks before they start. This includes increased funding for wellness coverage including mental health, nutrition and fitness, and health insurance options that are affordable and increase access.

Expanding Education
Everyone deserves a quality education regardless of geography, income, or age. There should be no wrong path to prosperity. We must support all of our schools and encourage education at all levels, including adult workforce development.

When it comes to our kids, we need to ensure that we are focused on learning. In-person education needs to be based on if we can return our kids to class safely and sensibly. Parents rely on schooling for education, nutrition, social welfare, and so many other needs. We need to provide the resources to families, teachers, and schools to ensure a top-notch education.

Taking Care of Our Veterans
We must keep our promises to our veterans, ease the transition to civilian life, and provide our heroes the best possible care.

Transition
John will continue to work for veterans and knows firsthand that the hardest battle our veterans face shouldn’t be the transition back into civilian life. John will work tirelessly for our veterans and military members, to make sure they receive the care, benefits, and respect that our nation’s heroes deserve.

Most people that enter the Armed Forces are going to get out. Recognizing that fact is something that should be ingrained in our in-processing and throughout military service. We don’t show up to battle and start looking for our essential gear, we go to battle with everything we need including the training that we need to be successful. We need to make sure service members have the resources and tools to be successful in transition before leaving the military and caseworkers to ensure transition to access to employment, benefits and other essential issues.

We must ensure that ALL veterans are taken care of, including Vietnam veterans still suffering from exposure to Agent Orange.

Veterans who may have been erroneously discharged from the military because of mental traumas like Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) deserve to receive fair treatment and should not lose access to the benefits they have earned through their service.

Technology
Our veterans deserve the most up-to-date, best information available to get the health care and additional services that they’ve earned. We need to expand telehealth services for our veterans and make it easier to authorize, compile, and share medical records with various providers, schedule appointments, and learn and apply for benefits.

Talent
Skillsets developed in the military need to be paired with and recruited for skilled civilian job opportunities in the public/private sector. We must also focus on quality veterans’ job training programs and assist those seeking higher educational opportunities.

We must incentivize, attract, and retain the best medical professionals and administrators while holding the few bad actors at the VA accountable. The Veterans Accountability and Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017 was a great step in the right direction.

Protecting Our Environment
Everyone wants clean air and clean water. I grew up in Michigan enjoying the outdoors. My family enjoys the Great Lakes, like all Michiganders. Our natural resources, especially here in Michigan, need to be protected through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative.

We need realistic, bottom up regulatory reform which must be environmentally and economically sustainable. Regulation needs to be based upon science and common sense. Its mandates need to be affordable, achievable, and Constitutional.

We need to remove burdensome regulations making it harder for our farmers and small businesses to operate. As a member of the US Senate I would join the Senate Climate Solutions Caucus to seek creative, practical solutions.
We can be pragmatic about good environmental stewardship by incentivizing private sector innovation especially around energy, transportation and plastic production
We can invest in our infrastructure with a future-focus.
And we must work with our allies to hold the world’s biggest polluters accountable and assist where possible by exporting American made goods. Our economy and national security are strengthened through the increased use of domestic fuel supplies and innovation.

Secure the Border, Protect Our Country
Stopping Illegal Immigration
Securing our borders and implementing legal immigration is essential to national security and our economy. I understand how to secure a border because I’ve done it before. Sovereign nations must have secure borders and entry points. I support Kate’s Law and I will support defunding “sanctuary cities.”

Widening the Path to Prosperity
Legal immigration is an economic and moral imperative for the United States of America. We need more legal immigrants in the US, not less, but we need to ensure that our borders are secure. Preference should always be given to American workers willing to do a job, but there are many jobs in this country American workers don’t want to do that are simply going unfilled.

Unify the Nation
We need leaders who are proven unifiers because partisanship is tearing the Nation apart. Americans are hurting and scared right now. Whether it’s concern for their health well-being, concern about inequality, or simply hopelessness associated with financial anxiety and socio-economic immobility, Americans are desperately seeking wise and compassionate leadership.

We need real unity in Michigan and this nation. As malign forces, foreign and domestic, seek to destroy us, we need tested leadership to address the root causes of our persistent challenges with a future focus on a brighter future for America.

We must clearly identify both our real enemy and our common purpose – and pursue them both with abandon. I have been a leader and a unifier for my entire life and I will continue to be for the rest of it. But nothing will happen until we fix the partisanship that divides Washington. ^[3]

”

—John James' campaign website (2020)^[4]

2018

These were the policy positions listed James' campaign website:

“

Defend the Constitution

Supporting and defending the Constitution of the United States means abiding by it as written. I will fight to preserve separation of powers, fight for limited government and will approve justices who will interpret the constitution as written.

Border Security

I understand how to secure a border because I’ve done it before. Sovereign nations must have secure borders and entry points. I support Kate’s Law and I will support defunding ‘sanctuary cities,’ or as I call them, ‘outlaw cities’.

Pro-2nd Amendment

“A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, SHALL NOT be infringed.” Enough said!

Pro-Life

I am 100% Pro-Life. Always have been. Always will be.

Veterans

We must to do a better job preparing our service members for life outside of the military, because re-integrating into civilian life should not be the toughest battle that we (vets) face.

Social Security

Protecting Social Security for our seniors today and saving it for our grandchildren tomorrow are moral obligations. Hard working and honest Michiganders of all generations are owed a return on their lifelong investment into the System.

Balanced Budget

Our debt is a national security threat. We must rein in spending! I would support a balanced budget amendment and will work to cut waste and consolidate or eliminate entire departments in the federal bureaucracy.

Infrastructure

Pot holes and blighted buildings have no place in Michigan’s future. I will work to ensure an infrastructure package that is more than simply repairing our legacy but building our future.

Trade

Michigan is a global leader in the agriculture and automotive industries. I support free, but fair trade. We must ensure that our trade deals and federal regulations make sense, do not put Michigan-made goods at a disadvantage and keep jobs in Michigan.

Entitlement Reform

Dependency should not be the destiny of any American. Michigan deserves a Senator who will work to eliminate poverty, not just make it more comfortable.

Immigration

We are a nation of immigrants but we are also a nation of laws. We welcome legal immigrants, but illegal immigration is a direct affront to our laws and to those who abide by them. We must end illegal immigration.

Michigan's Agriculture

Michigan’s food and agricultural industry includes over 52,000 farms, employing over 900,000 Michiganders. To remain a global leader in agriculture we must ensure that federal regulations make sense and do not put Michigan farmers on an unequal playing field with our competitors.

Education

Every child in Michigan should be career or college ready when he or she leaves high school. Parents and local communities should be empowered to determine the best way to achieve this goal, not Washington.

Great Lakes

Our Great Lakes are a national treasure which also supports a robust fish and tourism industry here in Michigan. I will champion policies and programs that not only protect environmental quality throughout the Great Lakes but will protect them from invasive species such as Asian carp.^[3]

”

—John James for Senate^[5]

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

John James campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2026*	U.S. House Michigan District 10	Candidacy Declared general	$516,148	$754,401
2024*	U.S. House Michigan District 10	Won general	$9,546,139	$9,606,964
2022	U.S. House Michigan District 10	Won general	$6,954,184	$6,158,678
2020	U.S. Senate Michigan	Lost general	$48,764,414	$47,661,002
2018	U.S. Senate Michigan	Lost general	$12,551,467	$12,043,512
Grand total			$78,332,352	$76,224,556
Sources: OpenSecrets, Federal Elections Commission *This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* Data from this year may not be complete

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

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Personal finance disclosures

Members of the House are required to file financial disclosure reports. You can search disclosure reports on the House’s official website here.

Analysis

Below are links to scores and rankings Ballotpedia compiled for members of Congress. We chose analyses that help readers understand how each individual legislator fit into the context of the chamber as a whole in terms of ideology, bill advancement, bipartisanship, and more.

If you would like to suggest an analysis for inclusion in this section, please email editor@ballotpedia.org.

119th Congress (2025-2027)

Rankings and scores for the 119th Congress

118th Congress (2023-2025)

Rankings and scores for the 118th Congress

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025. At the start of the session, Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[6]

Passed (310-118)^[7]

Yea

To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes.

H.R. 185 (To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes.) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to nullify a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) order restricting the entry of foreign citizens to the United States unless the individual was vaccinated against the coronavirus or attested they would take public health measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[8]

Passed (227-201)^[9]

Yea

Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023

The Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023 (H.R. 2811) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to raise the federal debt limit before a June 5, 2023, deadline. The bill also sought to repeal certain green energy tax credits, increase domestic natural gas and oil production, expand work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, and nullify President Joe Biden's (D) proposed student loan debt cancellation program. This bill was not taken up in the Senate, and the debt limit was instead raised through the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023. This bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[10]

Passed (217-215)^[11]

Yea

Denouncing the horrors of socialism.

H.Con.Res. 9 (Denouncing the horrors of socialism.) was a resolution approved by the House of Representatives denouncing socialism and opposing the implementation of socialist policies in the United States. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[12]

Passed (328-86)^[13]

Yea

Lower Energy Costs Act

The Lower Energy Costs Act (H.R. 1) was a bill approved by the House of Representatives that sought to increase domestic energy production and exports by increasing the production of oil, natural gas, and coal, reducing permitting restrictions for pipelines, refineries, and other energy projects, and increase the production of minerals used in electronics, among other energy production-related policies. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[14]

Passed (225-204)^[15]

Yea

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".

H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and vetoed by President Joe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify a Department of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[16] Click here to read more.

Passed (219-200)^[17]

Yea

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.

H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[18] Click here to read more.

Passed (229-197)^[19]

Yea

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House.^[20] Click here to read more.

Passed (314-117)^[21]

Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.)

Speaker of the House election (January 2023) - 15th vote

In January 2023, the House of Representatives held its regular election for Speaker of the House at the start of the 118th Congress. Voting began on January 3, and ended on January 7. Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) was elected speaker of the House in a 216-212 vote during the 15th round of voting. In order to elect a Speaker of the House, a majority of votes cast for a person by name was required.^[22] Click here to read more.

Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) (216-212)

Nay

Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.

H.Res. 757 (Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that removed Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) from his position as Speaker of the House. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[23] Click here to read more.

Passed (216-210)^[24]

Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.)

Speaker of the House election (October 2023) - 4th vote

In October 2023, following Rep. Kevin McCarthy's (R-Calif.) removal as Speaker of the House, the House of Representatives held another election for the position. Voting began on October 17 and ended on October 25. Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.) was elected Speaker of the House in a 220-209 vote in the fourth round of voting. In order to elect a Speaker of the House, a majority of votes cast for a person by name was required.^[25] Click here to read more.

Rep. Mike Johnson (R-La.) (220-209)

Yea

Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes.

H.Res. 918 (Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that formally authorized an impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden (D). The inquiry focused on allegations that Biden used his influence as vice president from 2009 to 2017 to improperly profit from his son Hunter Biden's business dealings. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[26] Click here to read more.

Passed (221-212)^[27]

Yea

Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives.

H.Res. 878 (Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives.) was a resolution passed by the House of Representatives that removed Rep. George Santos (R-N.Y.) from office following a House Ethics Committee investigation that determined there was substantial evidence that Santos violated the law during his 2020 and 2022 campaigns. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the House.^[28]

Passed (311-114)^[29]

Yea

The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023

The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on January 5, 2025, that reduced Social Security benefits for individuals who received other pensions from state or local governments. It also eliminated an offset that would reduce benefits for spouses and widows of individuals with government pensions. It also eliminated a provision that reduced benefits for an individual who received a pension or disability benefit from an employer that did not withhold Social Security taxes. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.^[30]

Passed (327-75)^[31]

Yea

Secure the Border Act of 2023

The Secure the Border Act of 2023 (H.R. 2) was passed by the U.S. House on May 11, 2024. This bill would have introduced limits to asylum eligibility and required employers to use electronic verification of employee's legal eligibility to work. This bill required a simple majority vote.^[32]

Passed (219-213)^[33]

Yea

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024

The Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024 (H.R. 4366) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 9, 2024, authorizing appropriations for various government departments for the fiscal year 2024. The bill required a majority vote to pass.^[34]

Passed (219-211)^[35]

Yea

Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024

The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R. 7024) was a bill passed by the U.S. House on January 31, 2024, that would have modified the U.S. tax code, increasing how much money can be given back in credits and what is exempt. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.^[36]

Passed (357-70)^[37]

Yea

Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025

The Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (H.R. 8070) was passed by the U.S. House on June 14, 2024. The bill would have modified defense spending in the fiscal year 2025. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report. ^[38]

Passed (217-199)^[39]

Yea

Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023

The Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023 (H.R. 6090) was passed by the U.S. House on May 1, 2024. This bill made it so the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights could have the authority to use the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's definition of antisemitism when investigating cases of discrimination. This bill required a simple majority vote to pass.^[40]

Passed (320-91)^[41]

Yea

FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024

The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (H.R.3935) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 16, 2024, that reauthorized Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) funding until fiscal year 2028. The bill also made other modifications to address various department-related issues. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[42]

Passed (387-26)^[43]

Yea

Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act

The Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act (H.R. 9495) was passed by the U.S. House on November 21, 2024. The bill would have postponed U.S. tax deadlines for citizens who were wrongfully detained abroad. This bill required a simple majority to pass.^[44]

Passed (219-184)^[45]

Yea

Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

H.Res.863, Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas (D) for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.^[46]

Passed (214-213)^[47]

Yea

Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025

H.R.9747, the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, was passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 26, 2024, providing funding to federal agencies, including the Secret Service, and federal programs for the 2025 fiscal year. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[48]

Passed (341-82)^[49]

External links

Search Google News for this topic

Candidate

Governor of Michigan

Officeholder

U.S. House Michigan District 10

Personal

Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by Lisa McClain (R)	U.S. House Michigan District 10 2023-Present	Succeeded by -

[show]

Michigan's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Gary Peters (D)

Elissa Slotkin (D)

Representatives

District 1

Jack Bergman (R)

District 2

John Moolenaar (R)

District 3

Hillary Scholten (D)

District 4

Bill Huizenga (R)

District 5

Tim Walberg (R)

District 6

Debbie Dingell (D)

District 7

Tom Barrett (R)

District 8

Kristen Rivet (D)

District 9

Lisa McClain (R)

District 10

John James (R)

District 11

Haley Stevens (D)

District 12

Rashida Tlaib (D)

District 13

Shri Thanedar (D)

Democratic Party (8)

Republican Party (7)

[bio-1] LinkedIn, "John James," accessed November 21, 2022

[OldBio-2] John James for Senate, "Meet John," accessed July 9, 2018

[quotedisclaimer-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[4] John James' campaign website, “Issues,” accessed September 9, 2020

[5] John James for Senate, "Issues," accessed June 15, 2018

[6] Congress.gov, "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," accessed February 23, 2024

[7] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 723," December 14, 2023

[8] Congress.gov, "H.R.185 - To terminate the requirement imposed by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for proof of COVID-19 vaccination for foreign travelers, and for other purposes." accessed February 23, 2024

[9] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 116," accessed May 15, 2025

[10] Congress.gov, "H.R.2811 - Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023," accessed February 23, 2024

[11] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 199," accessed May 15, 2025

[12] Congress.gov, "H.Con.Res.9 - Denouncing the horrors of socialism." accessed February 23, 2024

[13] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 106," accessed May 15, 2025

[14] Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - Lower Energy Costs Act," accessed February 23, 2024

[15] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 182," accessed May 15, 2025

[16] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024

[17] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 149," accessed May 15, 2025

[18] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.7 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020." accessed February 23, 2024

[19] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 104," accessed May 15, 2025

[20] Congress.gov, "H.R.3746 - Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023," accessed February 23, 2024

[21] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 243," accessed May 15, 2025

[22] Congress.gov, "Roll Call 20," accessed February 23, 2024

[23] Congress.gov, "H.Res.757 - Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant.," accessed February 23, 2024

[24] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 519," accessed May 15, 2025

[25] Congress.gov, "Roll Call 527," accessed February 23, 2024

[26] Congress.gov, "H.Res.757 - Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant." accessed February 23, 2024

[27] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 519," accessed May 15, 2025

[28] Congress.gov, "H.Res.878 - Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives." accessed February 23, 2024

[29] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 691," accessed May 15, 2025

[30] Congress.gov, "Social Security Fairness Act of 2023." accessed February 13, 2025

[31] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 456," accessed May 15, 2025

[32] Congress.gov, "H.R.2 - Secure the Border Act of 2023," accessed February 13, 2025

[33] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 209," accessed May 15, 2025

[34] Congress.gov, "H.R.4366 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024," accessed February 13, 2025

[35] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 380," accessed May 15, 2025

[36] Congress.gov, "Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024," accessed February 23, 2024

[37] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 30," accessed May 15, 2025

[38] Congress.gov, "H.R.8070 - Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025," accessed February 18, 2025

[39] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 279," accessed May 15, 2025

[40] Congress.gov, "H.R.6090 - Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023," accessed February 13, 2025

[41] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 172," accessed May 15, 2025

[42] Congress.gov, "H.R.3935 - FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024," accessed February 13, 2025

[43] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 200," accessed May 15, 2025

[44] Congress.gov, "H.R.9495 - Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act," accessed February 13, 2025

[45] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 477," accessed May 15, 2025

[46] Congress.gov, "H.Res.863 - Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors." accessed February 13, 2025

[47] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 43," accessed May 15, 2025

[48] Congress.gov, "H.R.9747 - Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025," accessed February 13, 2025

[49] Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 450," accessed May 15, 2025

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