Labor union policy ballot measures

Voters have decided on labor union policy ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, labor union policy includes measures regarding labor unions and collective bargaining. The topic is grouped within the labor, healthcare, and public assistance policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

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State ballot measure

Labor, healthcare, and public assistance policy

Labor union policy

Related ballot measures

Subtopics of labor union policy ballot measures

The following subtopics provide more detailed lists and information:

Collective bargaining Labor disputes and strikes Labor union deductions Right-to-work laws

Related state and local ballot measure topics

State ballot measures

Work regulations

Local ballot measures

Local unions and collective bargaining

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Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2026

1. Arizona Prohibit Public Schools From Using Public Resources to Support Labor Organizations Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. California Require Health Care Union Member Approval for Ballot Measure Campaign Spending Initiative (2026) - Potential
3. Massachusetts Permit Collective Bargaining for Committee for Public Counsel Services Employees Initiative (2026) - Potential
4. Vermont Proposal 3, Right to Collective Bargaining Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2026

1. Arizona Prohibit Public Schools From Using Public Resources to Support Labor Organizations Amendment (2026) - Potential
2. California Require Health Care Union Member Approval for Ballot Measure Campaign Spending Initiative (2026) - Potential
3. Massachusetts Permit Collective Bargaining for Committee for Public Counsel Services Employees Initiative (2026) - Potential
4. Vermont Proposal 3, Right to Collective Bargaining Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

2024

1. Massachusetts Question 3, Unionization and Collective Bargaining for Transportation Network Drivers Initiative (2024)
2. Oregon Measure 119, Unionization of Cannabis Workers Initiative (2024)

2022

1. Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure (2022)
2. Tennessee Constitutional Amendment 1, Right-to-Work Amendment (2022)

2018

1. Missouri Proposition A, Right to Work Referendum (August 2018)

2016

1. Alabama Right to Work, Amendment 8 (2016)
2. South Dakota Initiated Measure 23, Right for Unions and Organizations to Charge Fees for Services Measure (2016)
3. Virginia Right to Work Amendment, Question 1 (2016)

2014

1. Colorado School Board Open Meetings, Proposition 104 (2014)
2. Missouri Teacher Performance Evaluation, Amendment 3 (2014)

2012

1. California Proposition 32, Ban on Political Contributions from Payroll Deductions Initiative (2012)
2. Idaho Proposition 1, Teachers Collective Bargaining Veto Referendum (2012)
3. Idaho Proposition 2, Teachers Collective Bargaining Veto Referendum (2012)
4. Michigan Proposal 2, Constitutional Right to Collective Bargaining Initiative (2012)
5. Michigan Proposal 4, Establish Quality Home Care Council and Collective Bargaining for In-Home Care Workers Initiative (2012)

2011

1. Ohio Issue 2, Public Employee Collective Bargaining Referendum (2011)

2010

1. Arizona Proposition 113, Right to Secret Ballot Voting Amendment (2010)
2. South Dakota Amendment K, Vote by Secret Ballot Measure (2010)
3. Utah Amendment A, Change Requirements for Secret Elections Measure (2010)

2008

1. Colorado Amendment 47, Prohibition of a Union Requirement for Employment Initiative (2008)
2. Colorado Amendment 49, Prohibition of Paycheck Deductions Initiative (2008)

2006

1. Massachusetts Question 3, Collective Bargaining for In-Home Child Care Providers Initiative (2006)

2005

1. California Proposition 75, Require Consent for Political Contributions from Payroll Deductions Initiative (2005)

2002

1. Michigan Proposal 02-3, Collective Bargaining for State Employees Initiative (2002)
2. Missouri Amendment 2, Collective Bargaining Rights for Emergency Personnel Initiative (2002)

2001

1. Oklahoma State Question 695, Right to Work Amendment (September 2001)

1998

1. California Proposition 226, Ban on Political Contributions from Payroll Deductions Initiative (June 1998)

1996

1. Oregon Measure 43, Reinstate Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Workers Initiative (1996)

1986

1. Idaho Retention of Right-to-Work Law, Referendum 1 (1986)
2. Idaho Right-to-Work, Referendum 1 (1986)

1984

1. Arizona Proposition 102, Prohibition of Strikes by Public Employee Amendment (1984)

1978

1. Michigan Proposal G, Collective Bargaining for State Troopers Initiative (1978)
2. Missouri Amendment 23, Right to Work Initiative (1978)

1976

1. California Proposition 14, Agricultural Labor Relations Board Initiative (1976)

1972

1. California Proposition 15, Salaries of State Employees Initiative (1972)

1968

1. Hawaii Collective Bargaining for Public Employees, Amendment 20 (1968)

1964

1. California Proposition 17, Railroad Labor Initiative (1964)
2. Oklahoma State Question 409, Right to Work Initiative (May 1964)

1958

1. California Proposition 18, Right to Work Initiative (1958)
2. Colorado Amendment 5, Right-to-Work Law Initiative (1958)
3. Idaho Right to Employment Act, Initiative 1 (1958)
4. Ohio Right-to-Work Law Initiative (1958)
5. Washington Initiative 202, Right-to-Work Law Measure (1958)

1956

1. Nevada Question 1, Right-to-Work Repeal Initiative (1956)
2. Nevada Question 2, Right to Collective Bargaining Agreement Initiative (1956)
3. Washington Initiative 198, Right-to-Work Law Measure (1956)

1954

1. Nevada Question 1, Right-to-Work Repeal Initiative (1954)

1952

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 312-313, Labor Picketing Limitations Initiative (1952)
2. Nevada Question 1, Right-to-Work Initiative (1952)

1948

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 300-301, Right-to-Work Initiative (1948)
2. Massachusetts Question 5, Right-to-Work Law Initiative (1948)
3. Massachusetts Question 6, Require Annual Labor Union Elections initiative (1948)
4. Massachusetts Question 7, Procedure for Labor Strike Initiative (1948)
5. New Mexico Proposed Amendment, Right to Work (1948)
6. North Dakota Labor Unions and Strikes, Referendum 1 (1948)
7. North Dakota Right to Work, Referendum 2 (1948)

1946

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 106-107, Right to Work Initiative (1946)
2. Massachusetts Question 2, Require Labor Unions to Disclose Officers and Finances Initiative (1946)
3. Nebraska Amendment 1, Right to Work Initiative (1946)
4. South Dakota Amendment B, Right to Work Measure (1946)

1944

1. Arkansas Amendment 35, Right-to-Work Law Initiative (1944)
2. California Proposition 12, Right-to-Work Initiative (1944)
3. Florida Amendment 5, Right-to-Work Law Amendment (1944)

1942

1. California Proposition 1, Hot Cargo and Secondary Boycott Referendum (1942)

1938

1. California Proposition 1, Labor Disputes Initiative (1938)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 316-317, Regulation of Labor Disputes Initiative (1938)
3. Washington Initiative 130, Labor Disputes Regulation Measure (1938)

1922

1. Nebraska Referendum 2, Interference of Workers Referendum (1922)

1920

1. Nebraska Amendment 38, Industrial Commission Amendment (September 1920)

1916

1. Washington Referendum 6, Prohibit Picketing Measure (1916)

1914

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 312-313, Prohibit Employer Blacklisting of Workers Initiative (1914)
2. Washington Initiative 8, Prohibit Employment Fees Measure (1914)

1912

1. Oregon Measure Nos. 368-369, Prohibition of Boycotts and Pickets Initiative (1912)

Alabama

1. Alabama Right to Work, Amendment 8 (2016)

Arizona

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 106-107, Right to Work Initiative (1946)
2. Arizona Measure Nos. 300-301, Right-to-Work Initiative (1948)
3. Arizona Measure Nos. 312-313, Labor Picketing Limitations Initiative (1952)
4. Arizona Measure Nos. 312-313, Prohibit Employer Blacklisting of Workers Initiative (1914)
5. Arizona Prohibit Public Schools From Using Public Resources to Support Labor Organizations Amendment (2026) - Potential
6. Arizona Proposition 102, Prohibition of Strikes by Public Employee Amendment (1984)
7. Arizona Proposition 113, Right to Secret Ballot Voting Amendment (2010)

Arkansas

1. Arkansas Amendment 35, Right-to-Work Law Initiative (1944)

California

1. California Proposition 1, Hot Cargo and Secondary Boycott Referendum (1942)
2. California Proposition 1, Labor Disputes Initiative (1938)
3. California Proposition 12, Right-to-Work Initiative (1944)
4. California Proposition 14, Agricultural Labor Relations Board Initiative (1976)
5. California Proposition 15, Salaries of State Employees Initiative (1972)
6. California Proposition 17, Railroad Labor Initiative (1964)
7. California Proposition 18, Right to Work Initiative (1958)
8. California Proposition 226, Ban on Political Contributions from Payroll Deductions Initiative (June 1998)
9. California Proposition 32, Ban on Political Contributions from Payroll Deductions Initiative (2012)
10. California Proposition 75, Require Consent for Political Contributions from Payroll Deductions Initiative (2005)
11. California Require Health Care Union Member Approval for Ballot Measure Campaign Spending Initiative (2026) - Potential

Colorado

1. Colorado Amendment 47, Prohibition of a Union Requirement for Employment Initiative (2008)
2. Colorado Amendment 49, Prohibition of Paycheck Deductions Initiative (2008)
3. Colorado Amendment 5, Right-to-Work Law Initiative (1958)
4. Colorado School Board Open Meetings, Proposition 104 (2014)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 5, Right-to-Work Law Amendment (1944)

Hawaii

1. Hawaii Collective Bargaining for Public Employees, Amendment 20 (1968)

Idaho

1. Idaho Proposition 1, Teachers Collective Bargaining Veto Referendum (2012)
2. Idaho Proposition 2, Teachers Collective Bargaining Veto Referendum (2012)
3. Idaho Retention of Right-to-Work Law, Referendum 1 (1986)
4. Idaho Right-to-Work, Referendum 1 (1986)
5. Idaho Right to Employment Act, Initiative 1 (1958)

Illinois

1. Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure (2022)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Permit Collective Bargaining for Committee for Public Counsel Services Employees Initiative (2026) - Potential
2. Massachusetts Question 2, Require Labor Unions to Disclose Officers and Finances Initiative (1946)
3. Massachusetts Question 3, Collective Bargaining for In-Home Child Care Providers Initiative (2006)
4. Massachusetts Question 3, Unionization and Collective Bargaining for Transportation Network Drivers Initiative (2024)
5. Massachusetts Question 5, Right-to-Work Law Initiative (1948)
6. Massachusetts Question 6, Require Annual Labor Union Elections initiative (1948)
7. Massachusetts Question 7, Procedure for Labor Strike Initiative (1948)

Michigan

1. Michigan Proposal 02-3, Collective Bargaining for State Employees Initiative (2002)
2. Michigan Proposal 2, Constitutional Right to Collective Bargaining Initiative (2012)
3. Michigan Proposal 4, Establish Quality Home Care Council and Collective Bargaining for In-Home Care Workers Initiative (2012)
4. Michigan Proposal G, Collective Bargaining for State Troopers Initiative (1978)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 2, Collective Bargaining Rights for Emergency Personnel Initiative (2002)
2. Missouri Amendment 23, Right to Work Initiative (1978)
3. Missouri Proposition A, Right to Work Referendum (August 2018)
4. Missouri Teacher Performance Evaluation, Amendment 3 (2014)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Right to Work Initiative (1946)
2. Nebraska Amendment 38, Industrial Commission Amendment (September 1920)
3. Nebraska Referendum 2, Interference of Workers Referendum (1922)

Nevada

1. Nevada Question 1, Right-to-Work Initiative (1952)
2. Nevada Question 1, Right-to-Work Repeal Initiative (1954)
3. Nevada Question 1, Right-to-Work Repeal Initiative (1956)
4. Nevada Question 2, Right to Collective Bargaining Agreement Initiative (1956)

New Mexico

1. New Mexico Proposed Amendment, Right to Work (1948)

North Dakota

1. North Dakota Labor Unions and Strikes, Referendum 1 (1948)
2. North Dakota Right to Work, Referendum 2 (1948)

Ohio

1. Ohio Issue 2, Public Employee Collective Bargaining Referendum (2011)
2. Ohio Right-to-Work Law Initiative (1958)

Oklahoma

1. Oklahoma State Question 409, Right to Work Initiative (May 1964)
2. Oklahoma State Question 695, Right to Work Amendment (September 2001)

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 119, Unionization of Cannabis Workers Initiative (2024)
2. Oregon Measure 43, Reinstate Collective Bargaining for Public Safety Workers Initiative (1996)
3. Oregon Measure Nos. 316-317, Regulation of Labor Disputes Initiative (1938)
4. Oregon Measure Nos. 368-369, Prohibition of Boycotts and Pickets Initiative (1912)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Amendment B, Right to Work Measure (1946)
2. South Dakota Amendment K, Vote by Secret Ballot Measure (2010)
3. South Dakota Initiated Measure 23, Right for Unions and Organizations to Charge Fees for Services Measure (2016)

Tennessee

1. Tennessee Constitutional Amendment 1, Right-to-Work Amendment (2022)

Utah

1. Utah Amendment A, Change Requirements for Secret Elections Measure (2010)

Vermont

1. Vermont Proposal 3, Right to Collective Bargaining Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

Virginia

1. Virginia Right to Work Amendment, Question 1 (2016)

Washington

1. Washington Initiative 130, Labor Disputes Regulation Measure (1938)
2. Washington Initiative 198, Right-to-Work Law Measure (1956)
3. Washington Initiative 202, Right-to-Work Law Measure (1958)
4. Washington Initiative 8, Prohibit Employment Fees Measure (1914)
5. Washington Referendum 6, Prohibit Picketing Measure (1916)

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Footnotes

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