Lee Finley

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Lee Finley
Image of Lee Finley
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8
Tenure

2025 - Present

Term ends

2030

Years in position

0

Predecessor
Elections and appointments
Last elected

November 5, 2024

Education

Associate

Tarrant County College, 1996

Bachelor's

University of Texas Law, 2001

Law

University of Texas School of Law, 2000

Military

Service / branch

U.S. Marine Corps

Years of service

1990 - 1994

Personal
Religion
Christian: Episcopalian
Profession
Attorney
Contact

Lee Finley (Republican Party) (also known as Gary) is a judge for Place 8 of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. He assumed office on January 1, 2025. His current term ends on December 31, 2030.

Finley (Republican Party) ran for election for the Place 8 judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. He won in the general election on November 5, 2024.

Finley completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey in 2024. Click here to read the survey answers.

Biography

Lee Finley served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1990 to 1994. He earned an associate degree from Tarrant County College in 1996, a bachelor's degree from the University of Texas in 2000, and a law degree from the University of Texas School of Law in 2000. His career experience includes working as a managing partner at Finley & Associates PC.[1][2]

Elections

2024

See also: Texas Supreme Court elections, 2024

General election

General election for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8

Lee Finley defeated Chika Anyiam in the general election for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8 on November 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Lee Finley
Lee Finley (R) Candidate Connection
 
58.9
 
6,385,238
Image of Chika Anyiam
Chika Anyiam (D) Candidate Connection
 
41.1
 
4,461,229

Total votes: 10,846,467
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8

Chika Anyiam advanced from the Democratic primary for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8 on March 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Chika Anyiam
Chika Anyiam Candidate Connection
 
100.0
 
804,891

Total votes: 804,891
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8

Lee Finley defeated incumbent Michelle Slaughter in the Republican primary for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8 on March 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Lee Finley
Lee Finley Candidate Connection
 
53.9
 
988,824
Image of Michelle Slaughter
Michelle Slaughter
 
46.1
 
846,549

Total votes: 1,835,373
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8

Stephan Kinsella advanced from the Libertarian convention for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8 on April 14, 2024.

Candidate
Image of Stephan Kinsella
Stephan Kinsella (L)

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Campaign finance

Endorsements

Finley received the following endorsements.

2022

See also: Municipal elections in Collin County, Texas (2022)

General election

General election for Collin County Judge

Incumbent Chris Hill defeated Joshua Murray in the general election for Collin County Judge on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Chris Hill (R)
 
57.0
 
201,969
Image of Joshua Murray
Joshua Murray (D) Candidate Connection
 
43.0
 
152,154

Total votes: 354,123
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Collin County Judge

Joshua Murray defeated David Smith in the Democratic primary for Collin County Judge on March 1, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Joshua Murray
Joshua Murray Candidate Connection
 
51.1
 
16,015
David Smith
 
48.9
 
15,301

Total votes: 31,316
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Collin County Judge

Incumbent Chris Hill defeated Lee Finley in the Republican primary for Collin County Judge on March 1, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Chris Hill
 
70.0
 
44,762
Image of Lee Finley
Lee Finley Candidate Connection
 
30.0
 
19,153

Total votes: 63,915
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Campaign themes

2024

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection

Lee Finley completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey in 2024. The survey questions appear in bold and are followed by Finley's responses. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.

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I am a Marine Corps veteran with more than 20 years of criminal experience. In that time, I’ve handled thousands of criminal cases.

I am endorsed by Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton.

I am a true lifelong Conservative Republican. I am, and have always been; Strongly pro life Pro second amendment Pro individual rights, and Anti big government.

  • Ensure Election Integrity.

    Election integrity is absolutely critical to protecting and defending the conservative Republican values that we believe in.

    In 1951 the Texas Legislature passed a law to protect election integrity in Texas by authorizing the TX attorney General to prosecute violations of Texas election laws. For more than 70 years, your Texas Attorney Generals used that law to fight for election integrity in Texas by vigorously prosecuting election fraud.

    But 2 years ago, the Court of Criminal Appeals struck down that law, removing the ability of the Texas attorney general to prosecute violations of election laws.

    We must restore election integrity in Texas.
  • Improve the Efficiency of the Court. The Court of Criminal Appeals is the highest appellate Court in Texas for criminal matters. Recently the court has been taking 3, 4 or even 5 years to render decisions. In a recent case interpreting a change to the Forgery Statute, the Court took 35 months to render a decision on a relatively simple question of law. For those 35 months, many District Attorneys were not prosecuting forgery crimes, because they were waiting on the Court to make a decision interpreting the statute. This resulted in a significant increase in counterfeit currency and forged checks, which hit small businesses hard and did untold damage to the Texas economy. The Court must do better.
  • Restore the Reputation of the Texas Criminal Justice System. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has lost focus on ensuring justice for Texas citizens, and brought discredit on the Criminal Justice system in Texas. From the Michael Richards case, where the Court intentionally closed the Court Clerk's office, in order to prevent a death row inmate from filing an appeal, (resulting in his execution that night), to the Roy Criner case, where the Court refused to vacate a conviction, even in the face of DNA evidence that conclusively excluded the defendant, the Court has denied justice to Texans, while bringing disrepute to the Texas Criminal Justice system.
Pro Life, Election Integrity, and the Second amendment.
My Father. He came from nothing. He grew up in a house without running water. He worked hard, failed, worked harder, failed again, never gave up, and worked until he succeeded.
Consistency and Integrity. The voters deserve to know who you are, and what you really stand for. If the voters elect you based on who you are and what you believe in, the voters have a right to expect that you will stay true to your beliefs, and not change your policies and positions once elected.
The core responsibilities for someone elected to the court of Criminal Appeals is to correctly and timely interpret the law, as it was originally written and intended, without injecting their own ideological preferences or manipulating the law to obtain a predetermined outcome in accordance with their personal priorities. To rule in a way that maximizes the safety of the citizens, while protecting and defending individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the State and Federal Constitutions. To protect the rule of law, and ensure swift, fair, and impartial justice for all citizens.
I would like to be looked back on as someone who used the blessing he was given, to do everything he was capable of doing, to make things better, for as many people as he possibly could.
July 4, 1976. The 200th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. I was 6 years old.
Mowing lawns. I mowed lawns and weeded yards for several years as a young teenager.
The Richard Sharpe novels, by Bernard Cornwell. I am ex military, and I enjoy history.
Stepping back from the business of life to appreciate the things that matter most.
Yes. The Court of Criminal Appeals handles all Death Penalty Appeals, and must do a better job of ensuring competent court appointed counsel for death penalty cases.
Yes and no. Yes for trial Court judges, much less so for Court of Criminal Appeals Judges. Because the decisions of the Court of Criminal Appeals apply to all criminal cases and defendants in Texas, it would be inappropriate to establish a binding precedent that would apply to all criminal cases, based on empathy for a specific defendant's circumstances in one specific case.
Election Integrity. The Court of Criminal Appeals has removed the ability of the Texas Attorney General to prosecute violations of Texas election laws, undermining election integrity across the State.
Texas has a bifurcated Supreme Court. The "Supreme Court" hears civil, family and juvenile cases, while the "Court of Criminal Appeals" hears all matters related to criminal cases. The Court of Criminal Appeals serves as the protector of individual rights and liberties, by ensuring that defendants are convicted in accordance with the law, and that prosecutors and law enforcement do not overstep the bounds and limits set by the Constitutions and Statutes.
I'm a US Marine; I don't know any clean jokes.
Attorney General Ken Paxton; Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller; Donald Trump Jr.; Rep. Tony Tinderholt; Rep. Steve Toth; Gun Owners of America; Texans for Responsible Judges PAC; Red Wave; True Texas Project; Tarrant County Patriots PAC; Texans for Toll Free Highways; LUCA - Latinos United for Conservative Action; DFW Conservative Voters; Denton County Conservative Coalition; Conservative Coalition of Harris County; Coastal Bend Republican Coalition; Texas Patriots PAC; Wise County Conservatives; Tarrant Republican Club; Reagan Conservative Club; Bexar Conservatives; The Link Letter; and many many others.
Activist Judges are a threat to the very foundation of our Republic, and judicial activism is one of, if not the, greatest threats to life, religious liberty, and election integrity. All contributions to judges must be openly reported, and Parties who come before a judge to whom they have contributed, should have a duty to inform the opposing Party of the potential conflict.
Educated voters are the best defense against activist judges and corrupt politicians. We need greater financial transparency and much greater government accountability.

Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.

Campaign website

Finley’s campaign website stated the following:

INTEGRITY
LEGAL EXPERIENCE
Lee Finley has practiced criminal law in multiple State and Federal jurisdictions for more than 20 years. Lee has handled thousands of cases, including representing indigent defendants as a Court appointed attorney. Lee has direct, hands on experience with magistration, indigent defense and mental health cases.

COMMITMENT
Lee has dedicated thousands of hours to representing indigent defendants in Texas Courts. Lee is a United States Marine Corps veteran with real world, hands on trial experience. Lee took an oath as a United States Marine to defend the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic. That oath never expires.

CONSERVATIVE
TRUTH AND PROFESSIONALISM Lee will protect and defend the Constitution with transparency and full disclosure. Lee will make decisions based on a strict interpretation of the US and Texas Constitutions. Lee will act in the best interests of the citizens of Texas, not special interest groups. Lee will serve the Citizens of Texas with professionalism, a consistent dedication to the rule of law, and conservative values.[3]

—Lee Finley’s campaign website (2024)[4]

2022

Candidate Connection

Lee Finley completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey in 2022. The survey questions appear in bold and are followed by Finley's responses. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.

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My name is Lee Finley and I am running for Collin County Judge in the March 1st, 2022 Republican Primary.

I am an attorney, a Veteran and a life long Conservative Republican. Collin County has the highest median Property Tax Burden out of all 254 Texas Counties. I will: 1. Reduce the Property Tax Burden, 2. Restore Criminal Magistration to our elected Judges, and

3. Treat EVERY citizen with Dignity and Respect, regardless of their party affiliation.
  • I have more than 20 years experience as an attorney, licensed in multiple State and Federal Jurisdictions.
  • I am a Marine corps veteran, trained as an EMT, with experience and training in mass casualty and natural disaster response.
  • I will treat every Citizen with Dignity and Respect. I will end the politics of division and conflict in County Government, and serve you as a County Judge who will make every effort to work with, rather that again, my fellow elected officials.
The Property Tax Burden must be lowered.
Criminal Magistration must be returned to the control of the elected Judges of the County.
I look up to my Father. He grew up dirt poor, literally raised in a house without running water. He served in the military, worked hard, and eventually started his own company. His intelligence, guts, and determination in the face of adversity are an inspiration and an example to aspire to.
Absolutely. I wish that I could reconcile my sincere desire that all citizens should read Thomas Sowell's "Basic Economics" prior to being eligible to vote. The positive impact on this great county would be immediate, and revolutionary.

However, as I always start from the position that Individual Rights take priority, unless and until there is a compelling reason for them not to, I am compelled to conclude that it is not within the Government's authority to force a person to read a book to be eligible to vote, regardless of hoe much goo d it would o that person.
Except in instances of minors, or mental health, or other legal incapacity, it is not acceptable for the Government to use its coercive powers to restrict your individual rights, for your benefit.

It is only acceptable, in appropriate circumstances, for the Government to use its coercive powers to restrict your individual rights, for the benefit of others.
The characteristics or principles most important for an elected official is an absolute, unwavering commitment to make every decision solely on what is in the best interests of the constituents, and never, under any circumstances, to place your own interests above those of the constituents you have the privilege of serving.
I have the courage to tell people what they don't want to hear, and the persuasiveness to open their minds to the possibility that there might be a better way. I inspire trust and loyalty that empower people to take risk they might not otherwise take.
Lead the County, promote cooperation between elected officials, protect the health and safety of the citizens and their property, protect fundamental individual rights against Government intrusions, from whatever level of government they may arise, balance the Property Tax Burden to maximize the ability to provide missions critical services, among these are Fire, EMS and most importantly Law Enforcement, while minimizing the use of the Government's coercive powers to only those circumstances where an individual or groups's actions represent an unreasonable risk of harm to others.
If we focus on understanding what makes the other guy tick, on truly understanding the governing dynamics of what is and is not important to a person, and even more importantly, was does, and does not, make that person really make him feel valued and important.

First we must restore trust, and we do that by listening to each other with open minds. When we can learn to trust each other, we can seek, find, and capitalize on new approaches that generate benefits far greater than the sum of their parts.
I'm selfish. I would like to experience the joy of improving the lives of a million people.

Think about how good that would feel.
The Richard Sharpe series by Bernard Cornwell.
As a former US Marine who served as a ground pounder, I enjoy the escape into a simpler ethical framework that brought me comfort when I served.
Flood Control and Mitigation. Collin County is at undue risk of serious flooding incidents because the County has not kept up with the levies and flood control infrastructure required to protect the safety of the citizens and the security of their property.
As a licensed attorney with more than 20 years experience in multiple State and Federal Jurisdictions, my legal philosophy is strongly held and precisely defined.

I believe in individual rights over local government, local over State, and State over Federal, whenever, and to whatever extent, practical.
The current climate of overbearing Federal Government Intrusion into Individual and State's rights is not consistent with the original intent of the US Constitution, and directly in conflict with the 10th Amendment.

I believe in Limited Government and a Free Market Economy.
Learned Hand's calculus of negligence, described in United States v. Carroll Towing Co., was literally game changing.
Empathy is an important quality in all vocations, most especially in those whose decisions have the potential to impact thousands or millions of people.

County Judge is not a position that is called upon to impose sentence, so empathy in the traditional Judicial sense does not apply.
However, the County Judge should be the leader of the County. He should seek to bring disparate groups closer together, and lead by example, listening with the utmost care to those who disagree with him most. We learn little from those who agree with us, because they neither test the merits of our beliefs, nor present us with alternative viewpoints.
The best way to determine if you are wrong, and by extension, if you are right, is to invite someone who disagrees with you to attack your theory or position as vigorously as they can.

It is not enough to invite someone to criticize you. You must also be willing to listen with an open mind, and have enough empathy to understand what the person is truly saying, which may have very little relationship to the words they are using.
I have been rated by several legal Associations in my 20+ years of practice as an attorney licensed in multiple State and Federal jurisdictions.
However, as the incumbent County Judge in not an attorney, and as being an attorney is not an absolute requirement for County Judge under the February 15, 1876 Texas Constitution, it wouldn't be fair, or relevant, for me to list those ratings.
As Collin County goes, to Texas goes.

As Texas goes, so the Nation goes.
The Republican Party will not elect a President unless they win Texas.
The Republican Party will not win Texas, unless they win Collin County.
Collin county is the battleground. Collin County is the linch pin.
Collin County has not had a credible Democrat Party presence County wide in decades. For too long, Collin County has been factionalized, with several Republican factions engaged in almost non stop infighting. We see this reflected in the use of law enforcement resources for political purposes, and the use of divisiveness for political gain.
The incumbent is fond of saying that he believes "Politics is a combat sport".
I couldn't disagree more strongly.
Politics is, or at least should be, the art of getting things done.
We get more done when we find creative ways to work together, rather than constantly fighting amongst ourselves.
I want to lead by example. I want a County Government that sets an example for the citizens it serves, and that begins by treating everyone who appears before the Commisioner's Court with the Dignity and Respect that they are fundamentally entitled to.

I will do that.
Yes I believe it can be beneficial for a County Judge to have previous experience in government or politics. I have been a Republican precinct chair in Collin County for more than 5 years. I have spent decades working on campaigns for worthy Republican candidates. I have excellent relationships with all of our County Court at Law Judges, and our District Judges, because I have practiced with them, and before them, for more than 20 years.

I have excellent relationships with our legislators, both State and Federal.

I will use my existing long term relationships to promote peace and harmony in the administration of County Government, and where that is not possible, I will engage a broad coalition of talented elected officials and experienced administrators to find areas of common interest that don't require any Party to sacrifice fundamental values.
Texas has an ongoing problem with the identification, early intervention, and treatment of those suffering from mental health issues. Texas's mounting mental health problem compromises our criminal justice system, because for most Texans suffering from serious, chronic mental health problems, the criminal justice system is the de facto intervention and treatment system.

Far too often criminal justice resources are used as a stop gap for missing mental health services and support. This misapplication of resources dramatically increases the overall cost of both indigent criminal defense, and mental health interventions and treatment.

More can be done using the resources we have available. We have to do a better job of early recognition, intervention, and diversion of criminal defendants with legitimate mental health problems. Doing so will not only streamline and improve our criminal justice system, but will also enable us to more appropriately apply existing mental health resources early enough, and often enough, to maximize their effectiveness.
I'm going to slightly change this question and respond with the greatest opportunity to change the legal system in my County, rather than State, as the County Judge position really engages more on a county level than a State level.

Collin County needs to return the Criminal Magistration system back to the control of the elected Judges. In 2019, the incumbent County Judge caused oversight and supervision of Criminal Magistration in Collin County to be removed from the elected Judges and placed under the control of the County Judge (who is not an attorney) and the Commisioner's Court. This was inappropriate, and was done for the wrong reasons.

This transfer of control and oversight is causing significant problems in the criminal justice system in Collin County, and represents a violation of the doctrine of the separation of powers fundamental to not only our criminal justice system, but to the very political framework this Country was founded on.
The County Judge is not a path to an Appellate bench. My focus is the opportunity to make a real, tangible, positive difference in the lives of more than a million people who live in Collin County.
We can do it together.
For the most part, yes. Bar Association ratings are usually a more or less accurate reflection of the local attorneys opinion of a Judge's legal knowledge, tact, and professionalism, and as such, generally function as an accurate reflection of a Judge's ability.

However, the incumbent County Judge's lack of a Bar rating is not indicative of poor ability.

As the incumbent County Judge is not an attorney, and does not have a law degree, it is entirely appropriate that he is not rated or reviewed by any Bar Associations or other reviewing bodies associated with the practice of Law.

Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.

Campaign finance summary

Ballotpedia currently provides campaign finance data for all federal- and state-level candidates from 2020 and later. We are continuously working to expand our data to include prior elections. That information will be published here as we acquire it. If you would like to help us provide this data, please consider donating to Ballotpedia.


State supreme court judicial selection in Texas

See also: Judicial selection in Texas

The nine justices of the Texas Supreme Court are selected in statewide partisan elections. The elected justices serve six-year terms, after which they must run for re-election if they wish to remain on the court.[5]

Qualifications

To serve on the Supreme Court, a justice must be:

  • a U.S. citizen;
  • a resident of Texas;
  • licensed to practice law in the state;
  • between the ages of 35 and 75;[6][7] and
  • a practicing lawyer and/or justice for at least 10 years.[5]

Chief justice

The chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court is selected by voters at large. He or she serves in that capacity for a full six-year term.[5]

Vacancies

See also: How vacancies are filled in state supreme courts

In the event of a midterm vacancy, the governor appoints a replacement who must be confirmed by the Texas Senate. The appointee serves until the next general election, in which he or she may compete to serve for the remainder of the unexpired term.[5]

The map below highlights how vacancies are filled in state supreme courts across the country.


See also

Texas Judicial Selection More Courts
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Courts in Texas
Texas Courts of Appeals
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Texas Supreme Court
Elections: 202520242023202220212020201920182017
Gubernatorial appointments
Judicial selection in Texas
Federal courts
State courts
Local courts

External links

Footnotes

  1. Information submitted to Ballotpedia through the Candidate Connection survey on March 1, 2022
  2. Information submitted to Ballotpedia through the Candidate Connection survey on February 20, 2024
  3. Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  4. Lee Finley for Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, Place 8, “Elect Lee Finley,” accessed February 19, 2024
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 American Judicature Society, "Methods of Judicial Selection: Texas," archived October 3, 2014
  6. While no justice older than 74 may run for office, sitting justices who turn 75 are permitted to remain on the court until their terms expire.
  7. Texas State Historical Association, "Judiciary," accessed September 12, 2014

Political offices
Preceded by
Michelle Slaughter (R)
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Place 8
2025-Present
Succeeded by
-