Lois Frankel

Lois Frankel

Democratic Party

U.S. House Florida District 21

Tenure

2013 - Present

Term ends

2023

Years in position

8

Prior offices

Florida House of Representatives

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West Palm Beach Mayor

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Report an officeholder change

Compensation

Base salary

$174,000

Net worth

(2012) $2,461,137

Elections and appointments

Last elected

November 3, 2020

Education

Bachelor's

Boston University

Law

Georgetown University

Personal

Religion

Jewish

Profession

Attorney

Contact

Official website

Official Facebook

Official Twitter

Official Instagram

Official YouTube

Campaign website

Campaign Facebook

Campaign Twitter

Personal LinkedIn

Lois Frankel (Democratic Party) is a member of the U.S. House, representing Florida's 21st Congressional District. She assumed office on January 3, 2013. Her current term ends on January 3, 2023.

Frankel (Democratic Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. House to represent Florida's 21st Congressional District. She won in the general election on November 3, 2020.

Previously, Frankel was elected to represent Florida's 22nd Congressional District from 2013 to 2017. In the 2016 general election, she won re-election to Florida's 21st Congressional District, effectively swapping seats with Ted Deutch due to redistricting. She was most recently re-elected in 2018.

During her time in Congress, Frankel has served on the House Committee on Appropriations, the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, and the Foreign Affairs Committee.

Based on analysis of multiple outside rankings, Frankel is an average Democratic member of Congress, meaning she will vote with the Democratic Party on the majority of bills.

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Frankel's academic, professional, and political career:

• 2017-present: U.S. Representative from Florida's 21st Congressional District
• 2013-2017: U.S. Representative from Florida's 22nd Congressional District
• 2003-2011: Mayor of West Palm Beach
• 1994-2002: Florida House of Representatives
• 1986-1992: Florida House of Representatives
• 1973: Graduated from Georgetown University with a J.D.
• 1970: Graduated from Boston university with a B.A.

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2019-2020

Frankel was assigned to the following committees:

• Joint Economic Committee
• Committee on Appropriations

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Frankel was assigned to the following committees:

• Committee on Foreign Affairs
• Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure

2015-2016

Frankel served on the following committees:

• Foreign Affairs Committee
  • Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats
  • Subcommittee on The Middle East and North Africa
• Transportation and Infrastructure Committee
  • Subcommittee on Coast Guard & Maritime Transportation
  • Subcommittee on Highways & Transit
  • Subcommittee on Water Resources & Environment

2013-2014

Frankel served on the following committees:

• Committee on Foreign Affairs
  • Subcommittee on Middle East and North Africa
• Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
  • Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation
  • Subcommittee on Highways and Transit
  • Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2020

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018 For detailed information about each vote, click here. Votes on domestic policy (click to expand) Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (Conference report) (HR 2)  Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018 Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023. Voted Nay on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2 (second vote))  Bill Passed (213-211) on June 21, 2018 Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance. It also proposed modifying the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, previously known as the food stamp program. Voted Nay on: Securing America’s Future Act of 2018 (HR 4760)  Bill Failed (193-231) on June 21, 2018 Proposed funding a border wall, limiting legal immigration, a mandatory worker verification program, allowing DACA recipients to apply for legal status, and preventing separation of families at the border. Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)  Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018 Reauthorizes through FY2023 and modifies some Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs. Voted Nay on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (HR 36)  Bill Passed (237-189) on October 3, 2017 Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill provided exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest. Voted Nay on: Kate's Law (HR 3004)  Bill Passed (257-167) on June 29, 2017 Proposed increasing criminal penalties for individuals in the country illegally who were convicted of certain crimes, deported, and then re-entered the U.S. illegally. Voted Nay on: No Sanctuary for Criminals Act (HR 3003)  Bill Passed (228-195) on June 29, 2017 Proposed withholding federal funds from states and localities that chose not to follow federal immigration laws. Voted Nay on: American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)  Bill passed (217-213) on May 4, 2017 Proposed modifying the budgetary and fiscal provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare. Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand) Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 6157)  Bill Passed (361-61) on September 26, 2018 Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education. Voted Yea on: Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 5895)  Bill Passed (377-20) on September 13, 2018 Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs. Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 6157)  Bill Passed (359-49) on June 28, 2018 Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education. Voted Nay on: Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 5895)  Bill Passed (235-179) on June 8, 2018 Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs. Voted Nay on: Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S 2155)  Bill Passed (258-159) on May 22, 2018 Proposed exempting some banks from the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)  Bill Passed (256-167) on March 22, 2018 Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes. Voted Nay on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)  Bill Passed (240-186) on February 9, 2018 Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018. Voted Nay on: Further Extension Of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1892)  Bill Passed (245-182) on February 6, 2018 Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018. Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)  Bill Passed (266-150) on January 22, 2018 Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018. Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)  Bill Passed (230-197) on January 18, 2018 Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 16, 2018. Did not vote on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)  Bill Passed (231-188) on December 21, 2017 Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018. Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)  Bill Passed (227-203) on December 19, 2017 Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018. Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes (HJ Res 123)  Bill Passed (235-193) on December 7, 2017 Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017. Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)  Bill Passed (227-205) on November 16, 2017 Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses. Voted Nay on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)  Bill Passed (216-212) on October 26, 2017 Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027. (This bill proposed adopting the Senate's budget resolution.) Voted Nay on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)  Bill Passed (219-206) on October 5, 2017 Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027. Did not vote on: Make America Secure and Prosperous Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3354)  Bill Passed (211-198) on September 14, 2017 Proposed providing FY2018 appropriations for the federal government. It combined 12 appropriations bills. Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)  Bill Passed (316-90) on September 8, 2017 Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts. Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 601)  Bill Passed (419-3) on September 6, 2017 Proposed providing $7.85 billion for disaster relief requirements, including response and recovery efforts from Hurricane Harvey. Voted Nay on: Financial CHOICE Act of 2017 (HR 10)  Bill passed (233-186) on June 8, 2017 Proposed amending the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, among other acts. Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)  Bill passed (309-118) on May 3, 2017 Proposed a $1.2 trillion budget to fund the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017. Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand) Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (HR 5515)  Bill Passed (351-66) on May 24, 2018 Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities Voted Nay on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)  Bill Passed (250-166) on January 30, 2018 Proposed providing appropriations for military functions administered by the Department of Defense and for other purposes, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018. Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018—Conference report (HR 2810)  Bill Passed (356-70) on November 14, 2017 Proposed authorizing FY2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. Voted Nay on: Make America Secure Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3219)  Bill Passed (235-192) on July 27, 2017 Proposed making appropriations for defense, military construction, Veterans Affairs, the Legislative Branch, energy and water development, and for other purposes for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 2018. Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)  Bill Passed (419-3) on July 25, 2017 Proposed providing congressional review and measures to counter aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes. Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180, second vote)  Bill Passed (380-35) on July 28, 2017 Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes. Voted Nay on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180)  Bill Failed (241-163) on July 24, 2017 Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes. Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)  Bill Passed (344-81) on July 14, 2017 Proposed authorizing fiscal year 2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It did not provide budget authority. Voted Yea on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 1301)  Bill passed (371-48) on March 8, 2017 The $577.9 billion fiscal year 2017 defense spending bill proposed $516.1 billion in base budget funding and $61.8 billion for Overseas Contingency Operations/ Global War on Terrorism funding. 114th Congress The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session. For more information pertaining to Frankel's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections. Economic and fiscal Trade Act of 2015 See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015 Trade adjustment assistance On June 12, 2015, the House rejected the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015—by a vote of 126-302. Trade adjustment assistance (TAA) is a federal program providing American workers displaced by foreign trade agreements with job training and services. The measure was packaged with trade promotion authority (TPA), also known as fast-track authority. TPA is a legislative procedure that allows Congress to define "U.S. negotiating objectives and spells out a detailed oversight and consultation process for during trade negotiations. Under TPA, Congress retains the authority to review and decide whether any proposed U.S. trade agreement will be implemented," according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Frankel was one of 144 Democrats to vote against the bill. Trade promotion authority On June 12, 2015, the House passed the trade promotion authority (TPA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015 —by a vote of 219-211. TPA gives the president fast-track authority to negotiate trade agreements sent to Congress without the opportunity for amendment or filibuster. Although the House approved TPA, it was a largely symbolic vote given the measure was part of a package trade bill including trade adjustment assistance (TAA), which was rejected earlier the same day. Frankel was one of 157 Democrats to vote against the measure. Trade promotion authority second vote After the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) and trade promotion authority (TPA) did not pass the House together on June 12, 2015, representatives voted to authorize TPA alone as an amendment to HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—on June 18, 2015. The amendment passed by a vote of 218-208, with all voting members of the House maintaining his or her original position on TPA except for Ted Yoho (R-Fla.). Frankel was one of 158 Democrats to vote against the amendment. Trade adjustment assistance second vote The House passed HR 1295—the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015—on June 25, 2015, by a vote of 286-138. The Senate packaged trade adjustment assistance (TAA) in this bill after the House rejected the TAA measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015. Along with trade promotion authority (TPA), which Congress passed as part of HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—TAA became law on June 29, 2015. Frankel was one of 175 Democrats to vote in favor of HR 1295. Defense spending authorization On May 15, 2015, the House passed HR 1735—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 269-151. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Frankel voted with 142 other Democrats and eight Republicans against the bill. The Senate passed the bill on June 18, 2015, by a vote of 71-25. President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015. On November 5, 2015, the House passed S 1356—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 370-58. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included $5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison. Frankel voted with 134 other Democrats and 235 Republicans to approve the bill. On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 91-3, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015. 2016 Budget proposal On April 30, 2015, the House voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 226-197. The non-binding resolution was designed to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government. All 183 Democrats who voted, including Frankel, voted against the resolution. 2015 budget On October 28, 2015, the House passed HR 1314—the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015—by a vote of 266-167. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017. Frankel voted with 186 Democrats and 79 Republicans in favor of the bill. It passed the Senate on October 30, 2015. President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015. Foreign Affairs Iran nuclear deal See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015 On May 14, 2015, the House approved HR 1191—the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 400-25. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove, or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. Frankel voted with 176 Democrats to approve the bill. Approval of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action On September 11, 2015, the House rejected HR 3461—To approve the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, signed at Vienna on July 14, 2015, relating to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 162-269. The legislation proposed approving the nuclear agreement with Iran. Frankel voted with 24 Democrats and 244 Republicans against the bill. Suspension of Iran sanctions relief On September 11, 2015, the House approved HR 3460—To suspend until January 21, 2017, the authority of the President to waive, suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or otherwise limit the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 247-186. HR 3460 prohibited "the President, prior to January 21, 2017, from: limiting the application of specified sanctions on Iran or refraining from applying any such sanctions; or removing a foreign person (including entities) listed in Attachments 3 or 4 to Annex II of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) from the list of designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the Department of the Treasury." Frankel voted with 185 Democrats against the bill. Presidential non-compliance of section 2 On September 10, 2015, the House passed H Res 411—Finding that the President has not complied with section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 245-186. Section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 required the president to submit all materials related to the nuclear agreement for congressional review. House Republicans introduced the resolution because two agreements between the International Atomic Energy Agency and Iran were not submitted to Congress. Frankel voted with 185 Democrats against the resolution. Export-Import Bank On October 27, 2015, the House passed HR 597—the Export-Import Bank Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2015—by a vote of 313-118. The bill proposed reauthorizing the Export-Import Bank and allowing it to resume offering assistance in the form of loans and insurance to foreign companies that wanted to buy U.S. goods. Frankel voted with 185 Democrats and 127 Republicans in favor of the bill. Domestic USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 2048—the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015—by a vote of 338-88. The legislation revised HR 3199—the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005—by ending the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Frankel voted with 141 Democrats and 196 Republicans to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015. Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 36—the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act—by a vote of 242-184. The bill proposed prohibiting abortions from being performed after a fetus was determined to be 20 weeks or older. The bill proposed exceptions in cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother. Frankel voted with 179 Democrats against the bill. Cyber security On April 23, 2015, the House passed HR 1731—the National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015—by a vote of 355-63. The bill proposed creating an information sharing program that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. It also proposed including liability protections for companies. Frankel voted with 134 Democrats and 220 Republicans to approve the bill. On April 22, 2015, the House passed HR 1560—the Protecting Cyber Networks Act—by a vote of 307-116. The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Frankel voted with 104 Democrats and 202 Republicans in favor of the bill. Immigration On November 19, 2015, the House passed HR 4038—the American SAFE Act of 2015—by a vote of 289-137. The bill proposed instituting additional screening processes for refugees from Iraq and Syria who applied for admission to the U.S. Frankel voted with 134 Democrats and two Republicans against the bill. 113th Congress The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session. For more information pertaining to Frankel's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections. National security DHS Appropriations Frankel voted against HR 2217 - the DHS Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245 - 182 and was largely along party lines. Keystone Pipeline Amendment Frankel in favor of House Amendment 69, which would have amended HR 3 to "require that the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security, conduct a study of the vulnerabilities of the Keystone XL pipeline to a terrorist attack and certify that necessary protections have been put in place." The amendment failed on May 22, 2013, with a vote of 176 - 239 and was largely along party lines. CISPA (2013) Frankel voted in favor of HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288 - 127. The bill permitted federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities. The bill was largely supported by Republicans, but divided the Democratic Party. NDAA Frankel voted in support of HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315 - 108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote. Economy Farm bill On January 29, 2014, the U.S. House approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill. The bill passed by a vote of 251-166. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that would kick in when prices drop. However, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states. Frankel voted with 88 other Democratic representatives in favor of the bill. 2014 Budget On January 15, 2014, the Republican-run House approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014. The House voted 359-67 for the 1,582 page bill, with 64 Republicans and three Democrats voting against the bill. The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations. It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, and the protection of the Affordable Care Act from any drastic cuts. Frankel joined with the majority of the Democratic party and voted in favor of the bill. Government shutdown See also: United States budget debate, 2013 On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201. At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference. Frankel voted against the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate. The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies. The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Frankel voted for HR 2775. Federal Pay Adjustment Act Frankel did not vote on HR 273 - Eliminates the 2013 Statutory Pay Adjustment for Federal Employees. The bill passed the House on February 15, 2013, with a vote of 261 - 154. The bill called for stopping a 0.5 percent pay increase for all federal workers from taking effect. The raises were projected to cost $11 billion over 10 years. Immigration Morton Memos Prohibition Frankel voted against House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status. The vote largely followed party lines. Healthcare Healthcare Reform Rules Frankel voted against House Amendment 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The amendment was adopted by the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 227-185. The amendment requires all changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be approved by Congress before taking effect. The vote was largely along party lines. Keep the IRS Off Your Healthcare Act Frankel voted against HR 2009 - Keep the IRS Off Your Healthcare Act of 2013. The bill passed through the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 232-185. The bill would prevent the IRS and Treasury Secretary from enforcing the powers provided to them in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The vote largely followed party lines. Social issues Amash amendment Frankel voted against House Amendment 413 - Prohibits the National Security Agency from Collecting Records Under the Patriot Act. The amendment failed on July 4, 2013, by a vote of 205-217. The amendment would have prohibited the collection of records by the National Security Agency under the Patriot Act. Both parties were split on the vote.

Issues

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Frankel endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

See also: Endorsements for Hillary Clinton

National security

American response in Syria

See also: United States involvement in Syria

Frankel released a statement on the situation in Syria on August 27, 2013:

“The situation in Syria is an unimaginable tragedy. The cruelty of chemical weapons attacks is one more extraordinary deplorable aspect in a conflict that has taken over 100,000 Syrian lives. For the United States, there are no good options. While I do not support troops on the ground in Syria, we must continue to support the most vulnerable victims of the conflict through sustained humanitarian assistance. As we determine the most strategic option moving forward we should work with our international allies to ensure that any direct engagement has a clearly defined purpose and be cognizant of potential negative consequences.”

Elections

2020

See also: Florida's 21st Congressional District election, 2020

Florida's 21st Congressional District election, 2020 (August 18 Republican primary)

Florida's 21st Congressional District election, 2020 (August 18 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Florida District 21

Incumbent Lois Frankel defeated Laura Loomer, Charleston Malkemus, Sylvia Caravetta, and Piotr Blass in the general election for U.S. House Florida District 21 on November 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Lois Frankel (D)	59.0	237,925
		Laura Loomer (R)	39.1	157,612
		Charleston Malkemus (Independent)	1.9	7,544
		Sylvia Caravetta (Independent) (Write-in)	0.0	8
		Piotr Blass (R) (Write-in)	0.0	4

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Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 403,093

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 21

Incumbent Lois Frankel defeated Guido Weiss in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 21 on August 18, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Lois Frankel	86.0	75,504
		Guido Weiss	14.0	12,308

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Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2

Total votes: 87,812

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 21

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Florida District 21 on August 18, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Laura Loomer	42.5	14,526
		Christian Acosta	25.5	8,724
		Michael Vilardi	12.3	4,194
		Aaron Scanlan	9.4	3,221
		Liz Felton	7.1	2,421
		Reba Sherrill	3.1	1,070

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There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2

Total votes: 34,156

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Stephen Canton (Independent)
• Adam Aarons (D)
• Victor Garcia da Rosa (R)
• Michael Bluemling Jr. (R)

2018

See also: Florida's 21st Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Florida District 21

Incumbent Lois Frankel won election in the general election for U.S. House Florida District 21 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate
✔		Lois Frankel (D)

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Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 21

Incumbent Lois Frankel advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Florida District 21 on August 28, 2018.

		Candidate
✔		Lois Frankel

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Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Kurt Jetta (R)

2016

See also: Florida's 21st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. District 22 incumbent Lois Frankel (D) defeated Paul Spain (R) and Michael Trout (I) in the general election on November 8, 2016. No candidate faced a primary opponent in August.

U.S. House, Florida District 21 General Election, 2016
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Lois Frankel Incumbent	62.7%	210,606
	Republican	Paul Spain	35.1%	118,038
	Independent	Michael Trout	2.1%	7,217
Total Votes				335,861
Source: Florida Division of Elections

2014

See also: Florida's 22nd Congressional District elections, 2014

Frankel won re-election to the U.S. House in 2014. She ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination in the primary election. She then defeated Paul Spain (R) in the general election on November 4, 2014.

U.S. House, Florida District 22 General Election, 2014
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Lois Frankel Incumbent	58%	125,404
	Republican	Paul Spain	42%	90,685
	Write-in	Raymond Schamis	0%	7
Total Votes				216,096
Source: Florida Division of Elections

2012

See also: Florida's 22nd Congressional District elections, 2012

Frankel ran in the 2012 election for the U.S. House to represent Florida's 22nd District. Frankel won the nomination on the Democratic ticket. The signature filing deadline was June 8, 2012, with the primary taking place on August 14, 2012. Frankel defeated Kristin Jacobs in the Democratic primary on August 14, 2012. She was elected on November 6, 2012.

Politico listed the 22nd District race between Frankel and Patrick Murphy as one of the five primaries to watch in 2012. However, Patrick Murphy decided to run in the 18th District rather than the 22nd District.

U.S. House, Florida District 22 General Election, 2012
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Lois Frankel	54.6%	171,021
	Republican	Adam Hasner	45.4%	142,050
Total Votes				313,071
Source: Florida Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

U.S. House, Florida District 22 Democratic Primary, 2012
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Lois Frankel	61.4%	18,431
Kristin Jacobs	38.6%	11,600
Total Votes		30,031

Campaign themes

2020

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Lois Frankel did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

2016

The following issues were listed on Frankel's campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

“	Jobs and the Economy: As long as Congress isn’t working, too many people across America and Florida won’t be working. No one understands that better, and is able to change that, than Lois Frankel. As a mayor who worked tirelessly to revitalize the local economy, Lois knows that creating jobs starts in our communities and that small businesses need to be at the forefront of job creation efforts. Women and Families: Lois has never wavered in her belief that a woman must have the right to make choices about her body without the involvement of government officials. She is a life-long supporter of women’s reproductive rights. Lois is a committed supporter of Roe v. Wade and believes that access to effective birth control and emergency contraception should be guaranteed for all women. Social Security : Here in South Florida, many of our neighbors and relatives rely on Social Security and Medicare. Our seniors have spent their entire lives contributing to these programs and they deserve to know that Social Security and Medicare will be there for them when they retire. Lois will fight to protect these programs for current and future generations and will resist any efforts to cut benefits. Veterans: As the mother of an Iraq and Afghanistan War veteran, Lois knows the struggle that veterans returning home can face. It isn’t just the struggle of finding a job; it is a lifelong fight to get the basic services that were promised. Education: A good education is critical in preparing our children for the future and developing a strong and robust economy. Lois has always been a strong voice for improving our schools, from supporting good teachers, to making sure class sizes are manageable, to giving parents a greater role in their child’s education.	”
—Lois Frankel's campaign website, http://www.loisfrankelforcongress.com/issues/

2012

Frankel's major campaign themes included:

• Jobs and the Economy: Excerpt: "Investing in infrastructure and technology to modernize the economy and create jobs. We should not accept a second rate infrastructure in the United States. Promoting green technologies to keep us on the cutting edge of new developments in one of the fastest growing fields."

• Women and Families: Excerpt: "Frankel will stand strong against anyone who attacks these basic rights and essencial programs. That’s why Lois is endorsed by Emily’s List, the National Organization for Women, the Women’s Campaign Fund, as well as other organizations dedicated to women’s rights."

• Social Security and Medicare: Excerpt: "Making these programs solvent for the long term is vital to their continued survival. We need to focus on combating waste, fraud and abuse from people trying to make money off these precious programs."

• Veterans: Except: "Frankel is committed to ensuring that the promises made to our nation’s veterans are kept. From job training and career development upon returning to the civilian work force, to VA funding and the recognition that Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an issue that needs to be confronted, Frankel will be an advocate for veterans and their needs."

• Education: Except: "Frankel is committed to ensuring that college education remains within reach for middle class families. Those who cut college tuition aid, while defending tax loopholes for oil companies, have their priorities backward. We must also focus on vocational and job training programs. This is vital to retraining workers with skills that are required to meet the 21st century’s job market."

• Healthcare: Except: "Frankel believes that access to good quality affordable health care is essential for all Americans. She will work to keep these important provisions in law and improve current reform."

• Israel: Except: "Frankel will work in a bi-partisan manner to fight any and all attempts to delegitimize Israel in the international arena and to ensure the safety and security of the Jewish state of Israel."

Campaign donors

Comprehensive donor history

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Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

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Lois Frankel campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Result	Contributions
2018	U.S. House Florida District 21	✔	$968,694
2016	U.S. House, Florida District 21	✔	$1,631,074
2014	U.S. House (Florida, District 22)	✔	$1,383,775
2012	U.S. House (Florida, District 22)	✔	$3,453,915
Grand total raised			$7,437,458
Source: Follow the Money

2018

U.S. House Florida District 21 2018 election - Campaign Contributions
Top industry contributors to Lois Frankel's campaign in 2018
Labor	$185,500.00
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate	$69,195.00
General Business	$66,124.14
Health	$60,382.00
Lawyers & Lobbyists	$51,034.13
Total Raised in 2018	$968,694.31
Source: Follow the Money

2018

U.S. House Florida District 21 2018 election - Campaign Contributions
Top individual contributors to Lois Frankel's campaign in 2018
SMOKLER, IRVING A	$5,400.00
ABRAHAM, S DANIEL	$5,400.00
HORVITZ, DAVID W	$5,400.00
KOHL, DOROTHY	$5,400.00
ROSS, STEPHEN M (STEVE)	$5,400.00
Total Raised in 2018	$968,694.31
Source: Follow the Money

2016

Frankel won re-election to the U.S. House in 2016. During that election cycle, Frankel's campaign committee raised a total of $1,631,074 and spent $870,156. This is less than the average $1.46 million spent by U.S. House winners in 2016.

Cost per vote

Frankel spent $4.13 per general election vote received in 2016.

U.S. House, Florida District 21, 2016 - Lois Frankel Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$1,631,074
Total Spent	$870,156
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$46,734
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$26,371
Top contributors to Lois Frankel's campaign committee
Blackstone Group	$40,300
Fanjul Corp	$18,900
Therapeutics MD	$16,200
Joel M Weissman PA	$15,100
NorPAC	$11,750
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Real Estate	$122,250
Lawyers/Law Firms	$105,104
Retired	$102,269
Securities & Investment	$78,700
Pro-Israel	$60,525
Source: Open Secrets

2014

Frankel won re-election to the U.S. House in 2014. During that election cycle, Frankel's campaign committee raised a total of $1,383,775 and spent $1,334,369. This is less than the average $1.45 million spent by House winners in 2014.

Cost per vote

Frankel spent $10.64 per general election vote received in 2014.

U.S. House, Florida District 22, 2014 - Lois Frankel Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$1,383,775
Total Spent	$1,334,369
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$145,367
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$145,296
Top contributors to Lois Frankel's campaign committee
Blackstone Group	$31,200
Fanjul Corp	$17,700
Prospect Hotel Advisors	$15,600
Gold Coast Beverage Distributors	$12,800
Renaissance Technologies	$10,400
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms	$111,973
Retired	$92,250
Building Trade Unions	$60,000
Real Estate	$59,950
Securities & Investment	$57,850

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.
Breakdown of the source of Frankel's campaign funds before the 2014 election.

Below are Frankel's FEC reports.

Lois Frankel (2014) Campaign Finance Reports
Report	Date Filed	Beginning Balance	Total Contributions for Reporting Period	Expenditures	Cash on Hand
April Quarterly	April 15, 2013	$43,350.08	$386,203.02	$(97,433.15)	$332,119.95
July Quarterly	July 15, 2013	$332,119.95	$122,884.85	$(173,409.53)	$281,595.27
October Quarterly	October 13, 2013	$281,595.27	$119,536.56	$(109,903.99)	$291,227.84
Year-end	January 31, 2014	$291,227	$138,701	$(80,414)	$349,515
April Quarterly	April 15, 2014	$349,515	$113,950	$(116,749)	$346,716
July Quarterly	July 15, 2014	$346,716	$134,012	$(141,624)	$339,103
Pre-Primary	August 14, 2014	$339,103	$56,181	$(45,182)	$350,102
October Quarterly	October 15, 2014	$350,102	$165,997	$(399,977)	$116,122
			Running totals
			$1,237,465.43	$(1,164,692.67)

2012

Frankel won election to the U.S. House in 2012. During that election cycle, Frankel's campaign committee raised a total of $3,453,915 and spent $3,410,565. This is less than the average $1.5 million spent by House winners in 2012.

Cost per vote

Frankel spent $19.94 per vote received in 2012.

U.S. House, Florida District 22, 2012 - Lois Frankel Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$3,453,915
Total Spent	$3,410,565
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$3,374,761
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$3,368,777
Top contributors to Lois Frankel's campaign committee
EMILY's List	$51,956
Steinger, Iscoe & Greene	$26,750
Searcy, Denney et al	$24,500
Flo-Sun Inc	$20,000
Democratic Congressional Campaign Cmte	$15,500
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms	$409,804
Retired	$305,390
Women's Issues	$161,219
Real Estate	$146,004
Health Professionals	$77,754

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.
Breakdown of the source of Frankel's campaign funds before the 2012 election.

Personal Gain Index

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

• Changes in Net Worth
• The Donation Concentration Metric

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Frankel's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $666,274 and $4,256,000. That averages to $2,461,137, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Frankel ranked as the 128th most wealthy representative in 2012. Between 2011 and 2012, Frankel's calculated net worth decreased by an average of 12 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.

Lois Frankel Yearly Net Worth
Year	Average Net Worth
2011	$2,802,486
2012	$2,461,137
Growth from 2011 to 2012:	-12%
Average annual growth:	-12%
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Frankel received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Lawyers/Law Firms industry.

From 1991-2014, 29.9 percent of Frankel's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.

Lois Frankel Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$5,169,513
Total Spent	$4,798,276
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms	$647,510
Retired	$386,600
Real Estate	$210,404
Women's Issues	$198,100
Public Sector Unions	$103,250
% total in top industry	12.53%
% total in top two industries	20%
% total in top five industries	29.9%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Frankel was a rank-and-file Democrat as of July 24, 2014. Frankel was rated as a "centrist Democrat" in June 2013.

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.

Frankel most often votes with:

• Daniel Kildee
• Chris Gibson

Frankel least often votes with:

• Jim Matheson
• Justin Amash

Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Frankel missed 46 of 1,721 roll call votes from January 2013 to September 2015. This amounted to 2.7 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year.

2013

Frankel ranked 87th in the liberal rankings in 2013.

2012

Information on 2012 vote rating is unavailable.

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Frankel voted with the Democratic Party 95.0 percent of the time, which ranked 33rd among the 204 House Democratic members as of July 2014.

2013

Frankel voted with the Democratic Party 95.6 percent of the time, which ranked 49th among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.

2016 Democratic National Convention

• Delegate to the 2016 DNC (click to expand)

  See also: Democratic National Convention, 2016

  Lois Frankel
  Democratic National Convention, 2016
  Status:	Superdelegate
  State:	Florida
  Supporting:	Hillary Clinton
  Delegates to the DNC 2016
  Calendar and delegate rules overview • Types of delegates • State election law and delegates • Superdelegates by state

  Frankel was a superdelegate to the 2016 Democratic National Convention from Florida. Frankel was one of 32 superdelegates from Florida. Superdelegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention were not bound by the results of their state’s primary or caucus to support a specific presidential candidate. Frankel supported Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination. Clinton formally won the Democratic nomination for president on July 26, 2016.

  What is a superdelegate?

  See also: Superdelegates and the 2016 Democratic National Convention

  Superdelegates, in 2016, were automatic delegates to the Democratic National Convention, meaning that, unlike regular delegates, they were not elected to this position. Also unlike regular delegates, they were not required to pledge their support to any presidential candidate, and they were not bound by the results of their state's presidential primary election or caucus. In 2016, superdelegates included members of the Democratic National Committee, Democratic members of Congress, Democratic governors, and distinguished party leaders, including former presidents and vice presidents. All superdelegates were free to support any presidential candidate of their choosing at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.

  Florida primary results

  See also: Presidential election in Florida, 2016

  Hillary Clinton won the Florida Democratic primary election, beating Bernie Sanders by more than 30 percent. She carried Miami-Dade County, where the city of Miami is located, by roughly 50 percentage points. According to exit poll data, Clinton won nearly every major demographic in the state, including men, women, young and old voters, and white and non-white voters. Clinton won non-white voters, who made up 52 percent of the Democratic electorate in Florida, by 75 percent. Clinton also won the Florida Democratic primary in 2008.

  Florida Democratic Primary, 2016
  Candidate	Vote %	Votes	Delegates
  Hillary Clinton	64.4%	1,101,414	141
  Bernie Sanders	33.3%	568,839	73
  Martin O'Malley	2.3%	38,930	0
  Totals		1,709,183	214
  Source: The New York Times and Florida Department of State

  Delegate allocation

  See also: 2016 presidential nominations: calendar and delegate rules

  

  Florida had 246 delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Of this total, 214 were pledged delegates. National party rules stipulated how Democratic delegates in all states were allocated. Pledged delegates were allocated to a candidate in proportion to the votes he or she received in a state's primary or caucus. A candidate was eligible to receive a share of the state's pledged delegates if he or she won at least 15 percent of the votes cast in the primary or caucus. There were three types of pledged Democratic delegates: congressional district delegates, at-large delegates, and party leaders and elected officials (PLEOs). Congressional district delegates were allocated proportionally based on the primary or caucus results in a given district. At-large and PLEO delegates were allocated proportionally based on statewide primary results.

  Thirty-two party leaders and elected officials served as unpledged delegates. These delegates were not required to adhere to the results of a state's primary or caucus.

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Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by Ted Deutch (D)	United States House of Representatives, Florida District 21 2017-present	Succeeded by N/A
Preceded by Allen B. West (R)	United States House of Representatives, Florida District 22 2013-2017	Succeeded by Ted Deutch (D)