Louisiana Supreme Court
| Louisiana Supreme Court |
|---|
| Court Information |
| Justices: 7 |
| Founded: 1813 |
| Location: New Orleans |
| Salary |
| Associates: $194,427[1] |
| Judicial Selection |
| Method: Partisan election |
| Term: 10 years |
| Active justices |
| Cade Cole, William J. Crain, Piper Griffin, John Guidry, Jefferson Hughes, Jay B. McCallum, John L. Weimer |
Founded in 1813, the Louisiana Supreme Court is the state's court of last resort and has seven judgeships. The current chief of the court is John L. Weimer.
As of March 2025, there were three Republican, two Democratic, and one Independent judges on the court.
The Louisiana Supreme Court meets in New Orleans, Louisiana.[2]
In Louisiana, state supreme court justices are elected in partisan elections. There are eight states that use this selection method. To read more about the partisan election of judges, click here.
Jurisdiction
The supreme court has jurisdiction to review judgments by the court of appeals in both civil and criminal cases. Jurisdiction for appeal in all criminal cases, except death penalty cases, is given to the court of appeals, based on the Louisiana Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases Amendment (1980). The jurisdiction of the supreme court in civil cases extends to both law and facts, while in criminal cases jurisdiction extends to questions of law.[3]
The supreme court has jurisdiction in cases where a law or ordinance has been declared unconstitutional. The court also has exclusive jurisdiction in cases involving the discipline of judges.[4]
The chief justice is the chief administrative officer of the judicial system and the supreme court has supervisory powers over all lower courts, as well as administrative, and procedural rule-making powers. The court also has supervisory responsibility for acceptance of attorneys into the bar and for judicial misconduct, where recommendations for actions are sent to the court by the Judiciary Commission of Louisiana.[5]
Justices
The table below lists the current judges of the Louisiana Supreme Court, their political party, and when they assumed office.
| Office | Name | Party | Date assumed office |
|---|---|---|---|
| Louisiana Supreme Court 1st District | William J. Crain | Republican | December 11, 2019 |
| Louisiana Supreme Court 2nd District | John Guidry | Democratic | January 1, 2025 |
| Louisiana Supreme Court 3rd District | Cade Cole | Republican | March 10, 2025 |
| Louisiana Supreme Court 4th District | Jay B. McCallum | Republican | November 13, 2020 |
| Louisiana Supreme Court 5th District | Jefferson Hughes | Republican | February 1, 2013 |
| Louisiana Supreme Court 6th District | John L. Weimer | Independent | 2001 |
| Louisiana Supreme Court 7th District | Piper Griffin | Democratic | January 1, 2021 |
Salary
- See also: Louisiana court salaries and budgets
In 2025, the justices of the court received a salary of $194,427, according to the National Center for State Courts.[6]
Judicial selection
- See also: Judicial selection in Louisiana
The seven justices on the Louisiana Supreme Court are selected through partisan elections. Justices are elected to 10-year terms, and must face re-election if they wish to serve again.[7]
Unlike most states, supreme court justices in Louisiana are elected to represent specific districts. The seven justices are divided evenly among seven supreme court districts (not to be confused with the 42 divisions of the district courts) and are voted into office by the residents of their respective regions.[8] Only the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Mississippi use a similar system.
Qualifications
To serve on this court, a judge must be:
- licensed to practice law in the state for at least ten years;
- a resident of the district representing for at least one year;
- under the age of 70 at the time of election (judges who turn 70 in office may serve until their term expires)[7][9]
Chief justice
The chief justice is the justice on the court with the most seniority. When he or she retires, the justice with the next most seniority becomes chief justice.[7]
Vacancies
Per Article V of the Louisiana Constitution, midterm vacancies are to be temporarily filled by the remaining members of the supreme court. Within one year of the opening, a special election (called by the governor, preferably on the date of a preexisting gubernatorial or congressional election) is to be held. If the supreme court has appointed a successor, that appointee may not run for the seat in the special election.[7][10] The justice elected at the special election will serve the remainder of the unexpired term.[11][12]
The map below highlights how vacancies are filled in state supreme courts across the country.
Elections
- See also: Louisiana Supreme Court elections
2025
A special election was held in 2025 to replace James Genovese (R) on the Louisiana Supreme Court. The seat was up for partisan election on May 3, 2025. A primary was scheduled for March 29, 2025. The filing deadline was January 31, 2025.
Candidates and results
3rd District
Louisiana elections use the majority-vote system. All candidates compete in the same primary, and a candidate can win the election outright by receiving more than 50 percent of the vote. If no candidate does, the top two vote recipients from the primary advance to the general election, regardless of their partisan affiliation.
Nonpartisan primary election
The primary election was canceled. Cade Cole (R) won the election without appearing on the ballot.
2024
- See also: Louisiana Supreme Court elections, 2024
The term of one Louisiana Supreme Court justice expired on December 31, 2024. The one seat was up for partisan election on December 7, 2024. The primary was November 5, 2024. The filing deadline was July 19, 2024.
Candidates and results
2nd District
Louisiana elections use the majority-vote system. All candidates compete in the same primary, and a candidate can win the election outright by receiving more than 50 percent of the vote. If no candidate does, the top two vote recipients from the primary advance to the general election, regardless of their partisan affiliation.
Nonpartisan primary election
The primary election was canceled. John Guidry (D) won the election without appearing on the ballot.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Marcus Hunter (D)
- Leslie Chambers (D)
2022
- See also: Louisiana Supreme Court elections, 2022
The term of one Louisiana Supreme Court justice expired on December 31, 2022. The one seat was scheduled to be up for partisan primary election on November 8, 2022. The election was not necessary after only one candidate filed for the race. A general election was scheduled for December 10, 2022.
Candidates and election results
Weimer's seat
Louisiana elections use the majority-vote system. All candidates compete in the same primary, and a candidate can win the election outright by receiving more than 50 percent of the vote. If no candidate does, the top two vote recipients from the primary advance to the general election, regardless of their partisan affiliation.
Nonpartisan primary election
The primary election was canceled. John L. Weimer (Independent) won the election without appearing on the ballot.
2020
- See also: Louisiana Supreme Court elections, 2020
The term of one Louisiana Supreme Court justice expired on December 31, 2020. A special election also took place to replace Justice Marcus Clark (R) who retired June 30, 2020. The two seats were up for partisan election on December 5, 2020. A primary was scheduled for November 3, 2020.[13]
Candidates and election results
District 4: Clark vacancy
Louisiana elections use the majority-vote system. All candidates compete in the same primary, and a candidate can win the election outright by receiving more than 50 percent of the vote. If no candidate does, the top two vote recipients from the primary advance to the general election, regardless of their partisan affiliation.
Nonpartisan primary election
Special nonpartisan primary for Louisiana Supreme Court 4th District
Jay B. McCallum won election outright against Shannon J. Gremillion in the special primary for Louisiana Supreme Court 4th District on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Jay B. McCallum (R) | 56.7 | 122,458 | |
| Shannon J. Gremillion (R) | 43.3 | 93,569 | ||
| Total votes: 216,027 | ||||
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District 7: Johnson vacancy
Louisiana elections use the majority-vote system. All candidates compete in the same primary, and a candidate can win the election outright by receiving more than 50 percent of the vote. If no candidate does, the top two vote recipients from the primary advance to the general election, regardless of their partisan affiliation.
General election
The general election was canceled. Piper Griffin won election in the general election for Louisiana Supreme Court 7th District.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Terri Love (D)
Nonpartisan primary election
Nonpartisan primary for Louisiana Supreme Court 7th District
Piper Griffin and Terri Love defeated Sandra Cabrina Jenkins in the primary for Louisiana Supreme Court 7th District on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Piper Griffin (D) ![]() | 43.9 | 78,603 | |
| ✔ | Terri Love (D) | 31.5 | 56,387 | |
| Sandra Cabrina Jenkins (D) | 24.6 | 43,949 | ||
| Total votes: 178,939 | ||||
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| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Justices not on the ballot
- Marcus Clark (R)[14]
- Bernette Johnson (D)
2019
The District 1 seat on the Louisiana Supreme Court was up for special election on October 12, 2019. Elections for the court are partisan. The filing deadline for interested candidates was August 8, 2019.[15]
The seat was left vacant after Justice Greg Guidry was appointed to a spot on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana. On January 17, 2019, President Donald Trump (R) nominated Guidry to a seat on this court. The U.S. Senate confirmed Guidry on June 19, 2019, by a vote of 53-46, and he received commission on June 21, 2019.[16]
2018
- See also: Louisiana Supreme Court elections, 2018
The terms of two Louisiana Supreme Court justices expired on December 31, 2018. Both stood for partisan election by voters in 2018 in order to remain on the bench. The general election took place on November 6, 2018. Greg Guidry and Jefferson Hughes won re-election.
Candidates and results
District 1: Guidry's seat
Primary candidates
- Greg Guidry (Incumbent) (Republican Party) ✔
Did not make the ballot:
District 5: Hughes' seat
Primary candidates
- Jefferson Hughes (Incumbent) (Republican Party) ✔
2016
- See also: Louisiana Supreme Court elections, 2016
Candidates
Third District
■ James Genovese (R) |
Fourth District■ Marcus Clark (R) |
Election results
November 8 primary election
| Louisiana Supreme Court 2016, Third District, 2016 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | 50.91% | 133,389 | ||
| Republican | Marilyn Castle | 49.09% | 128,598 | |
| Total Votes (538 of 538 reporting: 100%) | 261,987 | |||
| Source: Louisiana Secretary of State Official Results | ||||
| Louisiana Supreme Court 2016, Fourth District, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | |
| Republican | ||
| Source: Louisiana Secretary of State Official Results | ||
Caseloads
The table below details the number of cases filed with the court and the number of dispositions (decisions) the court reached in each year.[17]
| Louisiana Supreme Court caseload data | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Filings | Dispositions* |
| 2023 | 1,725 | - |
| 2022 | 1,889 | - |
| 2021 | 1,994 | - |
| 2020 | 1,505 | - |
| 2019 | 2,096 | 2,183 |
| 2018 | 2,117 | 2,344 |
| 2017 | 2,181 | 2,039 |
| 2016 | 2,283 | 2,142 |
| 2015 | 2,365 | 2,486 |
| 2014 | 2,716 | 2,592 |
| 2013 | 3,017 | 2,500 |
| 2012 | 2,769 | 3,181 |
| 2011 | 2,852 | 2,916 |
| 2010 | 2,875 | 2,801 |
| 2009 | 2,780 | 2,801 |
| 2008 | 3,014 | 2,834 |
| 2007 | 2,645 | 2,497 |
*Disposition data not available for 2020-2023
Analysis
Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters (2021)
In 2020, Ballotpedia published Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters, a study on how state supreme court justices decided the cases that came before them. Our goal was to determine which justices ruled together most often, which frequently dissented, and which courts featured the most unanimous or contentious decisions.
The study tracked the position taken by each state supreme court justice in every case they decided in 2020, then tallied the number of times the justices on the court ruled together. We identified the following types of justices:
- We considered two justices opinion partners if they frequently concurred or dissented together throughout the year.
- We considered justices a dissenting minority if they frequently opposed decisions together as a -1 minority.
- We considered a group of justices a determining majority if they frequently determined cases by a +1 majority throughout the year.
- We considered a justice a lone dissenter if he or she frequently dissented alone in cases throughout the year.
Summary of cases decided in 2020
- Number of justices: 7
- Number of cases: 47
- Percentage of cases with a unanimous ruling: 68.1% (32)
- Justice most often writing the majority opinion: Justice Crichton (5)
- Per curiam decisions: 24
- Concurring opinions: 18
- Justice with most concurring opinions: Justice Weimer (9)
- Dissenting opinions: 30
- Justice with most dissenting opinions: Justice Johnson (7)
For the study's full set of findings in Louisiana, click here.
Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship (2020)
- See also: Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship
Last updated: June 15, 2020
In 2020, Ballotpedia published Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship, a study examining the partisan affiliation of all state supreme court justices in the country as of June 15, 2020.
The study presented Confidence Scores that represented our confidence in each justice's degree of partisan affiliation, based on a variety of factors. This was not a measure of where a justice fell on the political or ideological spectrum, but rather a measure of how much confidence we had that a justice was or had been affiliated with a political party. To arrive at confidence scores we analyzed each justice's past partisan activity by collecting data on campaign finance, past political positions, party registration history, as well as other factors. The five categories of Confidence Scores were:
- Strong Democrat
- Mild Democrat
- Indeterminate[18]
- Mild Republican
- Strong Republican
We used the Confidence Scores of each justice to develop a Court Balance Score, which attempted to show the balance among justices with Democratic, Republican, and Indeterminate Confidence Scores on a court. Courts with higher positive Court Balance Scores included justices with higher Republican Confidence Scores, while courts with lower negative Court Balance Scores included justices with higher Democratic Confidence Scores. Courts closest to zero either had justices with conflicting partisanship or justices with Indeterminate Confidence Scores.[19]
Louisiana had a Court Balance Score of 2.14, indicating Republican control of the court. In total, the study found that there were 15 states with Democrat-controlled courts, 27 states with Republican-controlled courts, and eight states with Split courts. The map below shows the court balance score of each state.
Bonica and Woodruff campaign finance scores (2012)
In October 2012, political science professors Adam Bonica and Michael Woodruff of Stanford University attempted to determine the partisan outlook of state supreme court justices in their paper, "State Supreme Court Ideology and 'New Style' Judicial Campaigns." A score above 0 indicated a more conservative-leaning ideology while scores below 0 were more liberal. The state Supreme Court of Louisiana was given a campaign finance score (CFscore), which was calculated for judges in October 2012. At that time, Louisiana received a score of 0.35. Based on the justices selected, Louisiana was the 13th most conservative court. The study was based on data from campaign contributions by judges themselves, the partisan leaning of contributors to the judges, or—in the absence of elections—the ideology of the appointing body (governor or legislature). This study was not a definitive label of a justice but rather an academic gauge of various factors.[20]
Noteworthy cases
For a full list of opinions published by the court, click here. Know of a case we should cover here? Let us know by emailing us.
Ethics
The Louisiana Code of Judicial Conduct sets forth ethical guidelines and principles for the conduct of judges and judicial candidates in Louisiana. It consists of seven canons:
- Canon 1: A judge shall uphold the integrity and independence of the judiciary
- Canon 2: A judge shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all activities
- Canon 3: A judge shall perform the duties of office impartially and diligently
- Canon 4: Quasi-Judicial Activities: A judge may engage in quasi-judicial activities to improve the law, the legal system, and the administration of justice
- Canon 5: Extra-Judicial Activities: A judge shall regulate extra-judicial activities to minimize the risk of conflict with judicial duties
- Canon 6: A judge may accept reasonable compensation and expenses for quasi-judicial and extra-judicial activities; a judge may not accept gifts, loans, bequests, benefits, favors or other things of value except under restricted circumstances; a judge must report compensation, gifts, loans, bequests, benefits, favors and other things in some circumstances
- Canon 7: A judge or judicial candidate shall refrain from inappropriate political and campaign activity[21]
The full text of the Louisiana Code of Judicial Conduct can be found here.
History of the court
Louisiana achieved statehood on April 30, 1812. Before statehood, Louisiana's court systems were established first under French and then under Spanish territorial rule.
Under French rule
In 1712, a French royal grant extended French law and protections to the Louisiana territory and created a court system headed by a superior council, with jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases, as well as with executive powers. The colony was divided into nine judicial districts. The superior court was the court of last resort and cases were heard without cost to litigants.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
Under Spanish rule
On November 3, 1762, King Louis XV of France gifted the Louisiana territory to his cousin, Charles III of Spain, "by the pure effect of the generosity of his heart, and on account of the affection and friendship."Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag The Cabildo was in charge of civil cases for sums up to ninety thousand maradevi. Sums above that amount were heard by the Supreme Court (audiencia) in Havana.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag President Thomas Jefferson appointed William C.C. Claiborne as the first governor and gave Claiborne the authority to transition the government system, including the court system, into an Anglo-American model. In 1803, Claiborne instituted a court of common pleas, made up of seven English-speaking justices. The court had jurisdiction over cases up to $3,000, and appeals went to the governor. The governor also maintained original jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases. This temporary system led in 1804 to the creation of the superior court of the territory of Orleans. The court was made up of three justices, appointed by the president. The territory was also divided into twelve counties, with one judge assigned to each county. In 1805, five appellate districts were created.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
State of Louisiana
Louisiana's first statehood constitution in 1812 included a supreme court and it left the remainder of the court system to be developed by the state legislature. The court was to be made up of three to five judges, appointed by the governor, to remain in office with good behavior. The court had appellate jurisdiction for cases up to $300. Legislators also required judges to be "learned in the law."[22]
The 1844 constitution expanded the size of the court to four justices, appointed by the governor, for eight year terms. Its jurisdiction was also expanded to include certain criminal cases and cases involving penalties imposed by municipal corporations. A new 1845 constitution made judicial positions elected positions. In 1868 the courts appellate jurisdiction was extended again and judges were required to have practiced law for at least five years.[23]
Louisiana's post-Reconstruction constitution once again changed the structure of the courts, setting up a supreme court, five courts of appeal, district courts, and justices of the peace. The court continued to have five members, but they were appointed by the governor for 12-year terms and selected from four districts. Justices were required to have practiced law for at least ten years. In 1904, the constitution was amended to facilitate judicial elections. In 1921, the court was expanded to seven justices to keep up with the growing caseload, and their terms were extended to 14 years. Justices were also authorized to sit in panels of three.[24] The supreme court's jurisdiction was modified In 1974 and in 1980, by providing the court of appeals with criminal appellate jurisdiction, except in death penalty cases, but allowing the supreme court to retain jurisdiction to review court of appeals judgments in civil and criminal cases. In 2024 supreme court districts were reapportioned into seven new elected districts.[25][26]
Courts in Louisiana
- See also: Courts in Louisiana
In Louisiana, there are 3 federal district courts, a state supreme court, a state court of appeals, and trial courts with both general and limited jurisdiction. These courts serve different purposes, which are outlined in the sections below.
Click a link for information about that court type.
The image below depicts the flow of cases through Louisiana's state court system. Cases typically originate in the trial courts and can be appealed to courts higher up in the system.
Party control of Louisiana state government
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. A state supreme court plays a role in the checks and balances system of a state government.
Louisiana has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ The salary of the chief justice may be higher than an associate justice.
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court, "Home," accessed September 17, 2021
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court,"Louisiana Supreme Court History," accessed June 18, 2024
- ↑ Louisiana Court Records,"How does the Louisiana Supreme Court Work?" accessed June 18, 2024
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court,"Celebrating 200 Years: The Bicentennial of the Louisiana Supreme Court, 1813-2013," accessed June 18, 2024
- ↑ National Center for State Courts, "2025 Salaries and Rankings," accessed October 8, 2025
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 American Judicature Society, "Methods of Judicial Selection: Louisiana; Selection of Judges," archived October 2, 2014
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court, "Maps of Judicial Districts," accessed May 6, 2014
- ↑ NOLA.com, "Lawmakers fail to pass amendment eliminating mandatory retirement age of judges," archived March 9, 2016
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court, "Henry Julien v. The Honorable W. Fox McKeithan," accessed May 6, 2014
- ↑ Louisiana Revised Statutes "RS 13:101.1," accessed July 13, 2016
- ↑ Leagle, "Marcelle v. DeCuir," September 21, 1995
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court, "2020 Elections," accessed July 26, 2019
- ↑ Note: Clark retired on June 30, 2020. His seat was up for special election.
- ↑ The Times-Picayune, "Jefferson Parish Judge Scott Schlegel announces bid for Supreme Court seat," June 30, 2019
- ↑ Federal Judicial Center, "Guidry, Greg Gerard," accessed June 24, 2019
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court, "Annual Reports," accessed September 24, 2024
- ↑ An Indeterminate score indicates that there is either not enough information about the justice’s partisan affiliations or that our research found conflicting partisan affiliations.
- ↑ The Court Balance Score is calculated by finding the average partisan Confidence Score of all justices on a state supreme court. For example, if a state has justices on the state supreme court with Confidence Scores of 4, -2, 2, 14, -2, 3, and 4, the Court Balance is the average of those scores: 3.3. Therefore, the Confidence Score on the court is Mild Republican. The use of positive and negative numbers in presenting both Confidence Scores and Court Balance Scores should not be understood to that either a Republican or Democratic score is positive or negative. The numerical values represent their distance from zero, not whether one score is better or worse than another.
- ↑ Stanford University, "State Supreme Court Ideology and 'New Style' Judicial Campaigns," October 31, 2012
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court, "Code of Judicial Conduct," accessed September 17, 2021
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court,"Louisiana Supreme Court History," accessed June 18, 2024
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court,"Louisiana Supreme Court History," accessed June 18, 2024
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court,"Louisiana Supreme Court History," accessed June 18, 2024
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court,"Louisiana Supreme Court History," accessed June 18, 2024
- ↑ Redistricting State of Louisiana,"Enacted Plans from the 2024 Regular Session," accessed June 18, 2024
Federal courts:
Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals • U.S. District Court: Eastern District of Louisiana, Middle District of Louisiana, Western District of Louisiana • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: Eastern District of Louisiana, Middle District of Louisiana, Western District of Louisiana
State courts:
Louisiana Supreme Court • Louisiana Courts of Appeal • Louisiana District Courts • Louisiana City Courts • Louisiana Family Courts • Louisiana Justice of the Peace Courts • Louisiana Juvenile Courts • Louisiana Mayor’s Courts • Louisiana Municipal Courts • Louisiana Parish Courts • Louisiana Traffic Courts
State resources:
Courts in Louisiana • Louisiana judicial elections • Judicial selection in Louisiana
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