Mayoral election in Detroit, Michigan (August 3, 2021, top-two primary)
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| 2021 Detroit elections |
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| Election dates |
| Filing deadline: April 20, 2021 |
| Primary election: August 3, 2021 General election: November 2, 2021 |
| Election stats |
| Offices up: Mayor |
| Total seats up: 1 (click here for other city elections) |
| Election type: Nonpartisan |
| Other municipal elections |
| U.S. municipal elections, 2021 |
Incumbent Mike Duggan and Anthony Adams advanced from the primary to the general election for mayor of Detroit, Michigan, on August 3, 2021, and advanced to the general election on November 2, 2021. Duggan received 72.4% of the vote and Adams received 10% followed by Tom Barrow with 6% and Myya Jones with 5%. No other candidate received more than 2%.[1]
Leading up to the primary election, media coverage focused on Duggan, Adams, and Tom Barrow.[2][3][4] Kiawana Brown, Myya Jones, Jasahn Larsosa, Charleta McInnis, Danetta Simpson, Art Tyus, and D. Etta Wilcoxon also ran.
Detroit Free Press reporter Clara Hendrickson wrote that the race would likely "focus on long-standing challenges to broaden the reach of economic development, ensure affordable housing and neighborhood stability, and improve community-police relations, among other issues."[5] Candidates were expected to address these issues against the backdrop of the "two Detroits"—separated, in part, by income disparities, generational differences, and race.[6][7]
Before becoming mayor, Duggan was president and CEO of Detroit Medical Center from 2004 to 2012.[8] He was assistant corporation counsel for Wayne County from 1985 to 1986, deputy Wayne County executive from 1987 to 2000, and Wayne County prosecutor from 2001 to 2003. Duggan was first elected mayor in 2013 when he defeated opponent Benny Napoleon (D) with 55% of the vote to Napoleon’s 45%. In 2017, he was re-elected by a margin of nearly 44 points, defeating Coleman Young II (D) with 71.6% of the vote to Young’s 27.8%. Duggan said that, if re-elected in 2021, he would "work every day to continue to make sure every neighborhood has a future and every Detroiter has a true opportunity to achieve your dreams."[9]
Adams was an attorney as of the primary and served as deputy mayor of Detroit under former Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick (D).[10] He was also an executive assistant to Mayor Coleman Young, was a board member and general counsel for Detroit Public Schools, and was interim director of the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department. Adams said his "extensive leadership experience, unwavering commitment, and enlightened skill-set uniquely position him to move the city of Detroit forward" and that he was "committed to serving the ordinary people of Detroit and not Special Interest Groups.”[11]
Barrow worked as a practicing certified public accountant, led the civic group Citizens for Detroit's Future, and was an advocate for changes to the municipal election system.[12] This was Barrow's fifth mayoral run and the second time he competed against Duggan. In his four previous campaigns, Barrow advanced from the primary to the general election three times: in 1985, 1989, and 2009.[13] Barrow said he would run a campaign based on local pride: "Detroit is in my DNA. Detroit is a city I love and respect deeply. People know that I care, that I will look out for them and will protect them and not allow them to be misused."[14]
Economic development and public safety were major issues in the race.[15] Duggan said he would work with the city council and manufacturers to bring more high-paying jobs into the city.[16] Adams said he would support a universal basic income plan and an income-based water billing system and emphasized early intervention as a means to reduce crime. Barrow also supported a water affordability program for Detroit residents and said neighborhood revitalization projects should focus on a broader area and not just downtown.[17][18]
Click on candidate names below to view their key messages:
Duggan |
Adams |
Barrow |
The city of Detroit uses a strong mayor and city council system. In this form of municipal government, the city council serves as the city's primary legislative body and the mayor serves as the city's chief executive.
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Mayor of Detroit
Incumbent Mike Duggan defeated Anthony Adams and Cheryl Webb in the general election for Mayor of Detroit on November 2, 2021.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Mike Duggan (Nonpartisan) | 75.3 | 69,353 | |
| Anthony Adams (Nonpartisan) | 24.3 | 22,384 | ||
Cheryl Webb (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) ![]() | 0.0 | 24 | ||
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.4 | 384 | ||
| Total votes: 92,145 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Nonpartisan primary election
Nonpartisan primary for Mayor of Detroit
The following candidates ran in the primary for Mayor of Detroit on August 3, 2021.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Mike Duggan (Nonpartisan) | 72.4 | 50,853 | |
| ✔ | Anthony Adams (Nonpartisan) | 10.0 | 7,014 | |
| Tom Barrow (Nonpartisan) | 6.0 | 4,237 | ||
Myya Jones (Nonpartisan) ![]() | 5.0 | 3,536 | ||
| Kiawana Brown (Nonpartisan) | 1.9 | 1,303 | ||
D. Etta Wilcoxon (Nonpartisan) ![]() | 1.3 | 894 | ||
Jasahn Larsosa (Nonpartisan) ![]() | 1.1 | 797 | ||
| Art Tyus (Nonpartisan) | 0.9 | 600 | ||
| Danetta Simpson (Nonpartisan) | 0.7 | 476 | ||
| Charleta McInnis (Nonpartisan) | 0.6 | 389 | ||
| Joel Haashiim (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 3 | ||
| Winnie Imbuchi (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 2 | ||
Cheryl Webb (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) ![]() | 0.0 | 2 | ||
| Tyrone Perry (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 1 | ||
| Jacob Johnson (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 1 | ||
| Articia Bomer (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | ||
| Stefany Washington (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | ||
| Doris Anderson (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | ||
| William Watson (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | ||
| Jerome Cobb Jr. (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | ||
| Carolyn Huff (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | ||
| Michael Harris (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 0 | ||
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.2 | 124 | ||
| Total votes: 70,232 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Curtis Greene (Nonpartisan)
- Emanuel Shaw (Nonpartisan)
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff compiled a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy.[19]
Mike Duggan
Incumbent: Yes
Political Office:
Mayor of Detroit (Assumed office: 2014)
Biography: Duggan received a B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1980 and a J.D. from the university's law school in 1983. He was assistant corporation counsel for Wayne County from 1985 to 1986 and deputy Wayne County executive from 1987 to 2000. He also served as Wayne County prosecutor from 2001 to 2003 and worked as president and CEO of Detroit Medical Center from 2004 to 2012.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Detroit in 2021.
Anthony Adams
Incumbent: No
Biography: Adams completed a B.S. in Urban Management and Planning from the University of Cincinnati and a J.D. from the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C. He worked as an attorney and served as deputy mayor of Detroit under former Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Detroit in 2021.
Tom Barrow
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Biography: Barrow graduated from Wayne State University with an accounting degree. He worked as a practicing certified public accountant, led the civic group Citizens for Detroit's Future, and was an advocate for changes to the municipal election system.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Detroit in 2021.
Myya Jones
Incumbent: No
Submitted Biography: "Born and raised in Detroit, MI, Myya Jones is a proud product of the Detroit Public School system by way of Lewis Cass Technical High School, alumna of Michigan State University, and 2021 graduate of Wayne State University’s Mike Ilitch School of Business. In her years of activism, she has used her many platforms and music to spark dialogue concerning marginalized groups, and how they can acquire resources to advance their communities. In doing so she has given people of color, women, and Millennials the inspiration to impact change. Currently, she works for Google and leads many initiatives that have given Detroiters and Black businesses access to free resources provided by Google. This includes over $1 million dollars in ad grants to nonprofits that progress Black and brown people. "
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Detroit in 2021.
Jasahn Larsosa
Incumbent: No
Submitted Biography: "Jasahn Larsosa is a Detroit-based community organizer and non profit executive serving as founding director of advocacy, equity & community empowerment for the civil rights and human services organization Focus: HOPE. He, his wife and three daughters are proud Home owners and active block leaders in the Greenfield-Grandriver corridor on Detroit’s west side."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Detroit in 2021.
D. Etta Wilcoxon
Incumbent: No
Submitted Biography: "Having spent more than 40 years of my life fighting on behalf of Detroiters and realizing that the residents are not being adequately represented, I decided, with a great deal of urging from others, that Detroiters Need a voice. Being dubbed "The People's Advocate", is a designation that I wear as a badge of honor. I am responsible for fighting to open 36th District Court for the "People's Access". The Court now allows cellular phones, computers, tablets and writing instruments into the Court. I sued the Illitches and the Pistons for taking money from the School Aid Fund to build Olympia Stadium as opposed to educating Detroit's children who cannot read at 3rd grade level. I exposed the Poverty Property Exemption to needy homeowners in Wayne County and I won 2 voter access cases on behalf of Detroiters. I am battle tested for the Office of Mayor."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Mayor of Detroit in 2021.
Noteworthy primary endorsements
This section includes noteworthy endorsements issued in the primary, added as we learn about them. Click here to read how we define noteworthy primary endorsements. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.
| Primary endorsements | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endorsement | Duggan | Adams | Barrow | |||
| Newspapers and editorials | ||||||
| Detroit Free Press[20] | ✔ | |||||
| Elected officials | ||||||
| Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D)[21] | ✔ | |||||
| Individuals | ||||||
| Former gubernatorial candidate Abdul El-Sayed (D)[22] | ✔ | |||||
| Organizations | ||||||
| 13th Congressional District Democratic Party Organization[23] | ✔ | |||||
| Wayne County Black Democratic Caucus[24] | ✔ | |||||
| The Original East Side Slate[25] | ✔ | |||||
| Fannie Lou Hamer PAC[26] | ✔ | |||||
| Detroit Regional Chamber PAC[27] | ✔ | |||||
Campaign themes
- See also: Campaign themes
Mike Duggan
Campaign website
Duggan’s campaign website features the following video:[28]
Anthony Adams
Campaign website
Adams' campaign website stated the following:
| “ |
|
” |
| —Anthony Adams' campaign website (2021)[30] | ||
Tom Barrow
Campaign website
Barrow’s campaign website stated the following:
| “ |
|
” |
| —Tom Barrow's campaign website (2021)[31] | ||
Kiawana Brown
Campaign website
Brown’s campaign website stated the following:
| “ |
|
” |
| —Kiawana Brown’s campaign website (2021)[32] | ||
Myya Jones
Campaign website
Jones' campaign website stated the following:
| “ |
|
” |
| —Myya Jones' campaign website (2021)[33] | ||
Myya Jones completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey in 2021. The survey questions appear in bold and are followed by Jones' responses.
| Collapse all
In her years of activism, she has used her many platforms and music to spark dialogue concerning marginalized groups, and how they can acquire resources to advance their communities. In doing so she has given people of color, women, and Millennials the inspiration to impact change. Currently, she works for Google and leads many initiatives that have given Detroiters and Black businesses access to free resources provided by Google. This includes over $1 million dollars in ad grants to nonprofits that progress Black and brown people.
- Government Accountability and Transparency
- Jobs and Housing
- Affordable and Sustainable Neighborhood Development
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
Jasahn Larsosa
Campaign website
Larsosa’s campaign website stated the following:
| “ |
|
” |
| —Jasahn Larsosa’s campaign website (2021)[34] | ||
Charleta McInnis
Campaign website
McInnis' campaign website stated the following:
| “ |
|
” |
| —Charleta McInnis' campaign website (2021)[35] | ||
Danetta Simpson
As of June 1, 2021, no campaign themes for Danetta Simpson were available.
Art Tyus
Campaign website
Tyus' campaign website stated the following:
| “ |
|
” |
| —Art Tyus' campaign website (2021)[36] | ||
D. Etta Wilcoxon
Campaign website
Wilcoxon’s campaign Facebook page stated the following:
| “ |
|
” |
| —D. Etta Wilcoxon's campaign Facebook page (2021)[37] | ||
Campaign advertisements
This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.
Mike Duggan
Supporting Duggan
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Anthony Adams
Supporting Adams
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Polls
As of June 1, 2021, no polls have been released for this race.
Campaign finance
Campaign finance information is not yet available for this race.
Mayoral partisanship
Mayoral elections were held in 28 of the 100 largest U.S. cities in 2021. Once mayors elected in 2021 assumed office, the mayors of 64 of the country's 100 largest cities were affiliated with the Democratic Party.
The following top-100 mayoral offices changed partisan control in 2021:
- Mayor John J. Lee of North Las Vegas, Nevada, announced that he was changing his party affiliation from Democratic to Republican on April 6, 2021.[38]
- David Bronson (R) was elected as mayor of Anchorage, Alaska, on May 11, 2021. He assumed office on July 1, 2021, replacing nonpartisan Acting Mayor Austin Quinn-Davidson.
What was at stake?
Report a story for this election
Ballotpedia researches issues in local elections across the United States, but information availability is a challenge for us in many areas. Please contact us about the issues that impact your local election. Note that not all submissions may meet Ballotpedia's coverage requirements for inclusion.
Candidate survey
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Ballotpedia invites candidates to participate in its annual survey. |
Additional elections on the ballot
- See also: Michigan elections, 2021
August 3, 2021
- Michigan state legislative special elections, 2021
- City elections in Detroit, Michigan (2021)
- Mayoral election in Detroit, Michigan (2021)
- Detroit, Michigan, Proposal P, Revised City Charter (August 2021)
November 2, 2021
- Michigan state legislative special elections, 2021
- City elections in Detroit, Michigan (2021)
- Mayoral election in Detroit, Michigan (2021)
- Detroit, Michigan, Proposal E, Decriminalization of Entheogenic Plants Measure (November 2021)
- Detroit, Michigan, Proposal R, City Reparations Committee Advisory Question (November 2021)
- Detroit, Michigan, Proposal S, Allow Ballot Initiatives to Appropriate City Funds Amendment (November 2021)
Election history
2017
The city of Detroit, Michigan, held elections for mayor, city council, city clerk, and the Detroit Board of Police Commisisoners on November 7, 2017. A primary election was held on August 8, 2017. The filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was April 25, 2017.[39]
Incumbent Mike Duggan defeated Coleman Young II in the general election for mayor of Detroit.[40]
| Mayor of Detroit, General Election, 2017 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
| 71.64% | 72,439 | |
| Coleman Young II | 27.84% | 28,149 |
| Write-in votes | 0.53% | 532 |
| Total Votes | 101,120 | |
| Source: Wayne County, Michigan, "2017 November 7th General & Special General Election Official Results," November 7, 2017 | ||
The following candidates ran in the primary election for mayor of Detroit.[41]
| Mayor of Detroit, Primary Election, 2017 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
| 67.72% | 43,519 | |
| 26.72% | 17,170 | |
| Donna Pitts | 0.82% | 528 |
| Edward Dean | 0.67% | 433 |
| Danetta Simpson | 0.66% | 422 |
| Curtis Greene | 0.48% | 307 |
| Angelo Brown | 0.35% | 228 |
| Articia Bomer | 0.31% | 201 |
| Write-in votes | 2.27% | 1,459 |
| Total Votes | 64,267 | |
| Source: Wayne County Clerk, "2017 Primary Official Results," accessed August 23, 2017 | ||
2013
- See also: Detroit mayoral election, 2013
General election
Duggan defeated Napoleon in the general election on November 5, 2013.[42]
| Mayor of Detroit, Michigan, 2013 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Nonpartisan | 54.9% | 74,254 | ||
| Nonpartisan | Benny Napoleon | 44.7% | 60,448 | |
| Nonpartisan | Write-in | 0.3% | 455 | |
| Total Votes | 135,157 | |||
| Source: City of Detroit Department of Elections | ||||
Primary election
Duggan, along with Benny Napoleon, qualified to move on to the general election for Mayor of Detroit after the August 6 primary.
| Detroit, Michigan Mayoral Primary Election, 2013 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Nonpartisan | 51.7% | 48,716 | ||
| Nonpartisan | 30.1% | 28,391 | ||
| Nonpartisan | Krystal A. Crittendon | 5.6% | 5,311 | |
| Nonpartisan | Lisa L. Howze | 4.9% | 4,591 | |
| Nonpartisan | Tom Barrow | 3.9% | 3,699 | |
| Nonpartisan | All other candidates | 3.7% | 3,531 | |
| Total Votes | 94,239 | |||
| Source: ‘’’Mayor, City of Detroit Election Certification’’’ August 6, 2013. accessed October 14, 2013 | ||||
About the city
- See also: Detroit, Michigan
Detroit is a city in Wayne County, Michigan. As of 2020, its population was 639,111.
City government
- See also: Mayor-council government
The city of Detroit uses a strong mayor and city council system. In this form of municipal government, the city council serves as the city's primary legislative body and the mayor serves as the city's chief executive.[43]
Demographics
The following table displays demographic data provided by the United States Census Bureau.
| Demographic Data for Detroit, Michigan | ||
|---|---|---|
| Detroit | Michigan | |
| Population | 639,111 | 10,077,331 |
| Land area (sq mi) | 138 | 56,609 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White | 14.4% | 77.6% |
| Black/African American | 77.1% | 13.6% |
| Asian | 1.9% | 3.2% |
| Native American | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| Pacific Islander | 0% | 0% |
| Other (single race) | N/A | 1.3% |
| Multiple | 2.4% | 3.8% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 7.7% | 5.2% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate | 81.9% | 91.3% |
| College graduation rate | 16.4% | 30% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income | $32,498 | $59,234 |
| Persons below poverty level | 33.2% | 13.7% |
| Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2020). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2015-2020). | ||
| **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
See also
| Detroit, Michigan | Michigan | Municipal government | Other local coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ City of Detroit, "Election Results," accessed August 4, 2021
- ↑ Yahoo, "Perennial candidate Tom Barrow files petitions to join 2021 race for Detroit mayor," April 20, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "The campaign for Detroit's next mayor is underway. Here are the issues to watch.," May 25, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Metro Times, "Tom Barrow to run for mayor of Detroit for fifth time in nearly 4 decades," April 20, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "The campaign for Detroit's next mayor is underway. Here are the issues to watch.," May 25, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Duggan 3.0: In a time of crisis, Detroit's mayor has earned a third term," July 4, 2021
- ↑ U.S. News & World Report, "A Tale of Two Motor Cities," January 20, 2020
- ↑ Money Inc., "10 Things You Didn't Know About Mike Duggan," May 26, 2020
- ↑ Duggan for Detroit, "Home," accessed May 26, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "The campaign for Detroit's next mayor is underway. Here are the issues to watch.," May 25, 2021
- ↑ Anthony Adams for Mayor, "His Story," accessed May 26, 2021
- ↑ Yahoo, "Perennial candidate Tom Barrow files petitions to join 2021 race for Detroit mayor," April 20, 2021
- ↑ Our Campaigns, "Barrow, Thomas," accessed June 1, 2021
- ↑ Yahoo, "Perennial candidate Tom Barrow files petitions to join 2021 race for Detroit mayor," April 20, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "The campaign for Detroit's next mayor is underway. Here are the issues to watch.," May 25, 2021
- ↑ Duggan for Detroit, "Home," accessed May 26, 2021
- ↑ Yahoo, "Perennial candidate Tom Barrow files petitions to join 2021 race for Detroit mayor," April 20, 2021
- ↑ Real Detroiter, "Home," accessed May 27, 2021
- ↑ In battleground primaries, Ballotpedia based its selection of noteworthy candidates on polling, fundraising, and noteworthy endorsements. In battleground general elections, all major party candidates and any other candidates with the potential to impact the outcome of the race were included.
- ↑ Deadline Detroit, "Mayor Duggan 'Has Always Been At His Best In A Five-Alarm Crisis,' Says Detroit Free Press Endorsement," July 4, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Metro Times, "Duggan seeks third term in 2021 with an endorsement from an unlikely place," December 10, 2020
- ↑ Detroit Metro Times, "Duggan seeks third term in 2021 with an endorsement from an unlikely place," December 10, 2020
- ↑ Duggan for Detroit, "13th Congressional District, Wayne County Black Dems, The Original East Side Slate Endorse Mayor Mike Duggan," June 24, 2021
- ↑ Duggan for Detroit, "13th Congressional District, Wayne County Black Dems, The Original East Side Slate Endorse Mayor Mike Duggan," June 24, 2021
- ↑ Duggan for Detroit, "13th Congressional District, Wayne County Black Dems, The Original East Side Slate Endorse Mayor Mike Duggan," June 24, 2021
- ↑ Duggan for Detroit, "Fannie Lou Hamer Political Action Committee Endorse Mayor Mike Duggan," June 22, 2021
- ↑ Crain's Detroit Business, "Detroit Regional Chamber PAC endorses Duggan for third term," January 19, 2021
- ↑ Duggan for Detroit, “Home,” accessed May 26, 2021
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Anthony Adams for Mayor, “Priorities,” accessed May 26, 2021
- ↑ Real Detroiter, “About,” accessed May 26, 2021
- ↑ Kiawana Brown's campaign website, “Issues,” accessed June 1, 2021
- ↑ Myya Jones’ campaign website, “Myya's Issues,” accessed June 1, 2021
- ↑ Jasahn Larsosa’s campaign website, “Policies,” accessed June 1, 2021
- ↑ Charleta McInnis' campaign website, “Platform,” accessed June 1, 2021
- ↑ Art Tyus' campaign website, “Priorities,” accessed June 1, 2021
- ↑ Facebook, “D. Etta Wilcoxon For Mayor-City of Detroit,” accessed June 1, 2021
- ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "North Las Vegas Mayor John Lee says he’s becoming a Republican," April 6, 2021
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Detroit Mayor Mike Duggan announces re-election bid," February 4, 2017
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "It's official: 8 Detroit mayoral candidates will be on primary ballot," May 11, 2017
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, "It's official: 8 Detroit mayoral candidates will be on primary ballot," May 11, 2017
- ↑ MLive, "Mike Duggan projected to win Detroit mayoral election," November 5, 2013
- ↑ Detroit City Charter, Sec. 5.101-107 and 4.101-122, accessed August 27, 2014 (dead link)
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