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Michigan's 5th Congressional District

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Michigan's 5th Congressional District
Incumbent
Assumed office: January 3, 2023

Michigan's 5th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by Tim Walberg (R).

As of the 2020 Census, Michigan representatives represented an average of 775,726 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 707,973 residents.

Elections

2024

See also: Michigan's 5th Congressional District election, 2024

Michigan's 5th Congressional District election, 2024 (August 6 Republican primary)

Michigan's 5th Congressional District election, 2024 (August 6 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Incumbent Tim Walberg defeated Libbi Urban and James Bronke in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on November 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Tim Walberg
Tim Walberg (R)
 
65.7
 
269,215
Image of Libbi Urban
Libbi Urban (D) Candidate Connection
 
32.8
 
134,282
Image of James Bronke
James Bronke (G) Candidate Connection
 
1.6
 
6,379

Total votes: 409,876
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Libbi Urban advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on August 6, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Libbi Urban
Libbi Urban Candidate Connection
 
100.0
 
36,087

Total votes: 36,087
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Incumbent Tim Walberg advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on August 6, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Tim Walberg
Tim Walberg
 
100.0
 
81,651

Total votes: 81,651
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Green convention

Green convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5

James Bronke advanced from the Green convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on June 15, 2024.

Candidate
Image of James Bronke
James Bronke (G) Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2022

See also: Michigan's 5th Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Incumbent Tim Walberg defeated Bart Goldberg, Norman Peterson, and Ezra Scott in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Tim Walberg
Tim Walberg (R)
 
62.4
 
198,020
Image of Bart Goldberg
Bart Goldberg (D) Candidate Connection
 
35.0
 
110,946
Norman Peterson (L)
 
1.6
 
5,129
Image of Ezra Scott
Ezra Scott (U.S. Taxpayers Party) Candidate Connection
 
1.0
 
3,162

Total votes: 317,257
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Bart Goldberg advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on August 2, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Bart Goldberg
Bart Goldberg Candidate Connection
 
100.0
 
39,971

Total votes: 39,971
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Incumbent Tim Walberg defeated Sherry O'Donnell, Elizabeth Ferszt, and Bryan Trouten in the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on August 2, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Tim Walberg
Tim Walberg
 
67.1
 
67,582
Image of Sherry O'Donnell
Sherry O'Donnell Candidate Connection
 
32.7
 
32,886
Image of Elizabeth Ferszt
Elizabeth Ferszt (Write-in) Candidate Connection
 
0.1
 
66
Image of Bryan Trouten
Bryan Trouten (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
31
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.1
 
97

Total votes: 100,662
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Norman Peterson advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on July 10, 2022.


Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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U.S. Taxpayers Party convention

U.S. Taxpayers Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Ezra Scott advanced from the U.S. Taxpayers Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on July 23, 2022.

Candidate
Image of Ezra Scott
Ezra Scott (U.S. Taxpayers Party) Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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2020

See also: Michigan's 5th Congressional District election, 2020

General election

General election for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Incumbent Dan Kildee defeated Tim Kelly, Kathy Goodwin, and James Harris in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on November 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Dan Kildee
Dan Kildee (D)
 
54.5
 
196,599
Image of Tim Kelly
Tim Kelly (R) Candidate Connection
 
41.8
 
150,772
Image of Kathy Goodwin
Kathy Goodwin (Working Class Party) Candidate Connection
 
2.3
 
8,180
Image of James Harris
James Harris (L)
 
1.5
 
5,481

Total votes: 361,032
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Incumbent Dan Kildee advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on August 4, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Dan Kildee
Dan Kildee
 
100.0
 
91,288

Total votes: 91,288
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Tim Kelly defeated Earl Lackie in the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on August 4, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Tim Kelly
Tim Kelly Candidate Connection
 
79.3
 
37,545
Earl Lackie
 
20.7
 
9,822

Total votes: 47,367
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5

James Harris advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on July 18, 2020.

Candidate
Image of James Harris
James Harris (L)

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Working Class Party convention

Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Kathy Goodwin advanced from the Working Class Party convention for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on July 26, 2020.

Candidate
Image of Kathy Goodwin
Kathy Goodwin (Working Class Party) Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2018

See also: Michigan's 5th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Incumbent Dan Kildee defeated Travis Wines and Kathy Goodwin in the general election for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Dan Kildee
Dan Kildee (D)
 
59.5
 
164,502
Image of Travis Wines
Travis Wines (R)
 
35.9
 
99,265
Image of Kathy Goodwin
Kathy Goodwin (Working Class Party)
 
4.6
 
12,646

Total votes: 276,413
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Incumbent Dan Kildee advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on August 7, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Dan Kildee
Dan Kildee
 
100.0
 
73,996

Total votes: 73,996
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5

Travis Wines advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Michigan District 5 on August 7, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Travis Wines
Travis Wines
 
100.0
 
44,405

Total votes: 44,405
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Libertarian primary election

No Libertarian candidates ran in the primary.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

2016

See also: Michigan's 5th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Dan Kildee (D) defeated Allen Hardwick (R), Steve Sluka (L), and Harley Mikkelson (G) in the general election on November 8, 2016. No candidate faced a primary opponent in August.[1][2][3][4]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngDan Kildee Incumbent 61.2% 195,279
     Republican Allen Hardwick 35.1% 112,102
     Libertarian Steve Sluka 2.2% 7,006
     Green Harley Mikkelson 1.5% 4,904
Total Votes 319,291
Source: Michigan Secretary of State

2014

See also: Michigan's 5th Congressional District elections, 2014

The 5th Congressional District of Michigan held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Dan Kildee (D) defeated challengers Allen Hardwick (R) and Harold Jones (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngDan Kildee Incumbent 66.7% 148,182
     Republican Allen Hardwick 31.2% 69,222
     Libertarian Hal Jones 2.1% 4,734
Total Votes 222,138
Source: Michigan Secretary of State

General election candidates

August 5, 2014, primary results

Democratic Party Democratic Primary

Republican Party Republican Primary

2012

See also: Michigan's 5th Congressional District elections, 2012

The 5th Congressional District of Michigan held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012. Incumbent Dan Kildee won the election in the district.[5]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngDan Kildee 65% 214,531
     Republican Jim Slezak 31.5% 103,931
     Libertarian Gregory Creswell 1.5% 4,990
     Independent David Davenport 2% 6,694
Total Votes 330,146
Source: Michigan Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

Primary results

Republican Primary

Michigan's 5th Congressional District Republican Primary, 2012
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngJim Slezak 63.9% 16,929
Tom Wassa 36.1% 9,567
Total Votes 26,496

[6]

2010
On November 2, 2010, Dale Kildee won re-election to the United States House. He defeated John Kupiec (R), J. Matthew de Heus (G) and Michael Moon (L) in the general election.[7]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngDale Kildee incumbent 53% 107,286
     Republican John Kupiec 44.3% 89,680
     Green J. Matthew de Heus 1.3% 2,649
     Libertarian Michael Moon 1.3% 2,648
Total Votes 202,263


2008
On November 4, 2008, Dale Kildee won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Matt Sawicki (R), Leonard Schwartz (L) and Ken Mathenia (G) in the general election.[8]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2008
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngDale Kildee incumbent 70.4% 221,841
     Republican Matt Sawicki 27% 85,017
     Libertarian Leonard Schwartz 1.4% 4,293
     Green Ken Mathenia 1.3% 4,144
Total Votes 315,295


2006
On November 7, 2006, Dale Kildee won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Eric Klammer (R), Ken Mathenia (G) and Steve Samoranski, II (L) in the general election.[9]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2006
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngDale Kildee incumbent 72.9% 176,171
     Republican Eric Klammer 25.2% 60,967
     Green Ken Mathenia 0.9% 2,294
     Libertarian Steve Samoranski, II 0.9% 2,259
Total Votes 241,691


2004
On November 2, 2004, Dale Kildee won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Myrah Kirkwood (R), Harley Mikkelson (G) and Clint Foster (L) in the general election.[10]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2004
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngDale Kildee incumbent 67.2% 208,163
     Republican Myrah Kirkwood 31.3% 96,934
     Green Harley Mikkelson 0.8% 2,468
     Libertarian Clint Foster 0.8% 2,350
Total Votes 309,915


2002
On November 5, 2002, Dale Kildee won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Clint Foster (L), Harley Mikkelson (G), Thom Moffitt (Write-in) and William Fuzi (Write-in) in the general election.[11]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2002
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngDale Kildee incumbent 91.6% 158,709
     Libertarian Clint Foster 5.4% 9,344
     Green Harley Mikkelson 3% 5,188
     Write-in Thom Moffitt 0.1% 97
     Write-in William Fuzi 0% 1
Total Votes 173,339


2000
On November 7, 2000, James Barcia won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Ronald Actis (R), Clint Foster (L) and Brian Ellison (Natural Law) in the general election.[12]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 2000
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJames Barcia incumbent 74.3% 184,048
     Republican Ronald Actis 23.9% 59,274
     Libertarian Clint Foster 1.2% 3,070
     Natural Law Brian Ellison 0.5% 1,345
Total Votes 247,737


1998
On November 3, 1998, James Barcia won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Donald Brewster (R), Clint Foster (L) and Brian Ellison (Natural Law) in the general election.[13]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 1998
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJames Barcia incumbent 71.2% 135,254
     Republican Donald Brewster 27.1% 51,442
     Libertarian Clint Foster 1.1% 2,179
     Natural Law Brian Ellison 0.6% 1,096
Total Votes 189,971


1996
On November 5, 1996, James Barcia won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Lawrence Sims (R), Mark Owen (L) and Brian Ellison (Natural Law) in the general election.[14]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 1996
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJames Barcia incumbent 70% 162,675
     Republican Lawrence Sims 28.2% 65,542
     Libertarian Mark Owen 1.3% 2,906
     Natural Law Brian Ellison 0.5% 1,272
     N/A Write-in 0% 56
Total Votes 232,451


1994
On November 8, 1994, James Barcia won re-election to the United States House. He defeated William Anderson (R), Larry Fairchild (NPA) and Susan Arnold (Natural Law) in the general election.[15]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 1994
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJames Barcia incumbent 65.5% 126,456
     Republican William Anderson 31.8% 61,342
     No Party Affiliation Larry Fairchild 1.6% 3,022
     Natural Law Susan Arnold 1.2% 2,323
     N/A Scattering 0% 47
Total Votes 193,190


1992
On November 3, 1992, James Barcia won election to the United States House. He defeated Keith Muxlow (R) and Lloyd Clarke (Workers World) in the general election.[16]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 1992
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJames Barcia 60.3% 147,618
     Republican Keith Muxlow 38% 93,098
     Workers World Lloyd Clarke 1.7% 4,270
     N/A Write-in 0% 6
Total Votes 244,992


1990
On November 6, 1990, Paul Henry won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Thomas Trzybinski (D) in the general election.[17]

U.S. House, Michigan District 5 General Election, 1990
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngPaul Henry incumbent 75.4% 126,308
     Democratic Thomas Trzybinski 24.6% 41,170
     N/A Write-in 0% 20
Total Votes 167,498


District map

Redistricting

2020-2021

See also: Redistricting in Michigan after the 2020 census

Michigan’s congressional district boundaries became law on March 26, 2022, 60 days after the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC) published its report on the redistricting plans with the secretary of state.[18][19] On December 28, 2021, the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC) approved what was named the "Chestnut" map by a vote of 8-5. Two Democrats, two Republicans, and four nonpartisan members voted to approve the plan with the five remaining commissioners in favor of other plans. As required, "at least two commissioners who affiliate with each major party, and at least two commissioners who do not affiliate with either major party" voted in favor of the adopted map.[20]

The MICRC was established after voters approved a 2018 constitutional amendment that transferred the power to draw the state's congressional and legislative districts from the state legislature to a redistricting commission. Under the terms of the amendment, "Within 30 days after adopting a plan, the commission shall publish the plan and the material reports, reference materials, and data used in drawing it, including any programming information used to produce and test the plan." The adopted plan becomes law 60 days after the MICRC publishes that report.[20]

Beth LeBlanc of The Detroit News wrote that, “Unlike other congressional maps the commission had to choose from, Chestnut was set apart by its inclusion of Grand Rapids and Muskegon in the same district, its grouping of Battle Creek and Kalamazoo and its ability to keep Jackson County whole, instead of breaking off part of the county into an Ann Arbor area district.”[21] According to Clara Hendrickson and Todd Spangler of the Detroit Free Press, "According to three measures of partisan fairness based on statewide election data from the past decade, the map favors Republicans. But those measures also show a significant reduction in the Republican bias compared to the map drawn a decade ago by a Republican legislature, deemed one of the most politically biased maps in the country. One of the partisan fairness measures used by the commission indicates Democratic candidates would have an advantage under the new map."[22] This map took effect for Michigan’s 2022 congressional elections.

How does redistricting in Michigan work? In Michigan, a non-politician commission is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district plans. The commission comprises 13 members, including four Democrats, four Republicans, and five unaffiliated voters or members of minor parties. In order for a map to be enacted, at least seven members must vote for it, including at least two Democrats, two Republicans, and two members not affiliated with either major party.[23]

The Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission prepared this document specifically explaining the redistricting process after the 2020 census.

Michigan District 5
until January 2, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

Michigan District 5
starting January 3, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

2010-2011

This is the 5th Congressional District of Michigan after the 2001 redistricting process.
See also: Redistricting in Michigan after the 2010 census

In 2011, the Michigan State Legislature re-drew the congressional districts based on updated population information from the 2010 census.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

2026

Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+13. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 13 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Michigan's 5th the 91st most Republican district nationally.[24]

2024

Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+15. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 15 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Michigan's 5th the 86th most Republican district nationally.[25]

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 61.2%-37.1%.[26]

2022

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+15. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 15 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Michigan's 5th the 91st most Republican district nationally.[27]

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 37.1% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 61.2%.[28]

2018

Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+5. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 5 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made Michigan's 5th Congressional District the 169th most Democratic nationally.[29]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.24. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.24 points toward that party.[30]

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. Michigan Secretary of State, "2016 Michigan Candidate Listing," accessed April 20, 2016
  2. Politico, "Michigan House Primaries Results," August 2, 2016
  3. Michigan Secretary of State, "2016 Michigan Candidate Listing," accessed September 6, 2016
  4. CNN, "Election Results," accessed November 8, 2016
  5. Politico, "2012 Election Map, Michigan," accessed November 3, 2012
  6. Michigan Secretary of State, "Michigan Primary Election Results," accessed August 20, 2012
  7. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  8. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
  9. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
  10. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
  11. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
  12. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
  13. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
  14. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
  15. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994," accessed March 28, 2013
  16. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1992," accessed March 28, 2013
  17. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990," accessed March 28, 2013
  18. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named march26
  19. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICRCemail
  20. 20.0 20.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MIConst
  21. The Detroit News, "Michigan redistricting panel wraps adoption of state House, Senate, congressional maps" December 28, 2021
  22. Detroit Free Press, "Michigan's redistricting commission adopts final congressional map for the next decade" December 28, 2021
  23. Michigan Radio, "Redistricting proposal passes in Michigan," November 6, 2018
  24. Cook Political Report, "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)," accessed July 1, 2025
  25. Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed January 10, 2024
  26. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
  27. Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
  28. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
  29. Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  30. FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018


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