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Michigan state legislative districts
 |
List of state legislative districts |
There are 148 seats in the Michigan State Legislature. A total of 129 seats, 19 of the Michigan State Senate and all 110 of the Michigan House of Representatives, are up for election every two years.
Chambers
Click the following tabs for more information about each chamber:
Senate
The Senate is the upper house of the Legislature. Its members are elected on a partisan basis for four-year terms concurrent with the election of the governor of Michigan. The Senate consists of 38 members elected from single-member election districts.
As of the 2020 Census, Michigan state senators represented an average of 265,380 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 260,832 residents.
Qualifications
Section 7 of Article 4 of the Michigan Constitution states, "Each senator and representative must be a citizen of the United States, at least 21 years of age, and an elector of the district he represents. The removal of his domicile from the district shall be deemed a vacation of the office. No person who has been convicted of subversion or who has within the preceding 20 years been convicted of a felony involving a breach of public trust shall be eligible for either house of the legislature."[1]
Vacancies
If there is a vacancy in the Michigan State Legislature, the governor must call for a special election to fill the vacancy or direct that the vacancy be filled at the next general election.[2][3]
If the vacancy happens after the statewide primary election, the party organizations in the district select the party's nominee. The nominee must be voted on no later than 21 days after the vacancy occurred and at least 10 days before the general election.[4]
See sources: Michigan Const. Art. 5, § 13
Term limits
- See also: State legislatures with term limits
The Michigan legislature is one of 16 state legislatures with term limits. The legislature has been term-limited since Michigan voters approved the Michigan Term Limits Act in 1992. The first year that the term limits enacted in 1992 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was 2002.
In 2022, Michigan voters modified the term limits for Michigan state legislative members. Voters passed Michigan Proposal 1 in November 2022 which changed the term limits for state legislators from three two-year terms in the state House and two four-year terms in the state Senate to 12 combined years in the Legislature.
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[5] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $71,685/year | No per diem is paid. Legislators receive an expense allowance of $10,800/year for session and interim. |
Districts
These are links to every district in the Michigan State Senate.
House
The House of Representatives is the lower house of the Legislature. Its members are elected on a partisan basis for two-year terms at the same time at which members of Congress are chosen. The House of Representatives consists of 110 members who are elected from single-member election districts.
As of the 2020 Census, Michigan state representatives represented an average of 91,677 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 90,106 residents.
Qualifications
Section 7 of Article 4 of the Michigan Constitution states, "Each senator and representative must be a citizen of the United States, at least 21 years of age, and an elector of the district he represents. The removal of his domicile from the district shall be deemed a vacation of the office. No person who has been convicted of subversion or who has within the preceding 20 years been convicted of a felony involving a breach of public trust shall be eligible for either house of the legislature."[6]
Vacancies
If there is a vacancy in the Michigan State Legislature, the governor must call for a special election to fill the vacancy or direct that the vacancy be filled at the next general election.[7][8]
If the vacancy happens after the statewide primary election, the party organizations in the district select the party's nominee. The nominee must be voted on no later than 21 days after the vacancy occurred and at least 10 days before the general election.[9]
See sources: Michigan Const. Art. 5, § 13
Term limits
- See also: State legislatures with term limits
The Michigan legislature is one of 16 state legislatures with term limits. The legislature has been term-limited since Michigan voters approved the Michigan Term Limits Act in 1992. The first year that the term limits enacted in 1992 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was 2002.
In 2022, Michigan voters modified the term limits for Michigan state legislative members. Voters passed Michigan Proposal 1 in November 2022 which changed the term limits for state legislators from three two-year terms in the state House and two four-year terms in the state Senate to 12 combined years in the Legislature.
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[10] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $71,685/year | No per diem is paid. Legislators receive an expense allowance of $10,800/year for session and interim. |
Districts
These are links to every district in the Michigan House of Representatives.
Redistricting
In Michigan, a non-politician commission is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district plans. The commission comprises 13 members, including four Democrats, four Republicans, and five unaffiliated voters or members of minor parties. In order for a map to be enacted, at least seven members must vote for it, including at least two Democrats, two Republicans, and two members not affiliated with either major party.[11]
The Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission prepared this document specifically explaining the redistricting process after the 2020 census.
On July 26, 2024, a three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan approved state Senate district boundaries submitted by the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC) on June 27, 2024, and authorized Michigan's secretary of state to implement the plan for the 2026 elections:[12]
| “ | On December 21, 2023, we unanimously held that the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution when it drew the boundaries of thirteen state-legislative districts—seven House districts, and six Senate—predominantly on the basis of race. We therefore enjoined the Michigan Secretary of State, Jocelyn Benson, from holding further elections in those districts as they were drawn. ... The Commission has now submitted a revised Senate map, which Plaintiffs agree 'eliminates the predominate use of race that characterized' the previous plan. ... We have reviewed the record before us and agree that the new Senate map complies with this court’s December 21, 2023, opinion and order. ... Federal law provides us no basis to reject the Commission’s remedial Senate plan. The Secretary of State may proceed to implement the Commission’s remedial Senate plan for the next election cycle.[13] | ” |
The MICRC voted on June 26 to approve the state Senate map called Crane A1.[14]
On March 27, 2024, the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan approved new state House district boundaries drawn by the MICRC for use in the 2024 elections. According to the court order:[15]
| “ | On December 21, 2023, we unanimously held that the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution when it drew the boundaries of thirteen state-legislative districts—seven House districts, and six Senate—predominantly on the basis of race. We therefore enjoined the Michigan Secretary of State, Jocelyn Benson, from holding further elections in those districts as they are currently drawn. ... The Commission has now submitted a revised House plan, to which the plaintiffs have submitted several objections. We have reviewed the record before us and now overrule those objections.[13] | ” |
The MICRC voted 10-3 on February 28, 2024, to adopt the new state House map known as “Motown Sound FC E1."
The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan struck down the state House and Senate maps on December 21, 2023.[16]
Senate elections
Michigan state senators serve four-year terms, with all seats up for election every four years. Michigan holds elections for its legislature in even years.
2026
- See also: Michigan State Senate elections, 2026
Elections for the Michigan State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.
2022
- See also: Michigan State Senate elections, 2022
Elections for the Michigan State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 2, 2022. The filing deadline was April 19, 2022.
In the 2022 elections, Democrats gained the majority in the Michigan State Senate with 20-18.
| Michigan State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 8, 2022 | After November 9, 2022 | |
| Democratic Party | 16 | 20 | |
| Republican Party | 22 | 18 | |
| Total | 38 | 38 | |
2018
- See also: Michigan State Senate elections, 2018
Elections for the Michigan State Senate took place in 2018. The open primary election took place on August 7, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was April 24, 2018.[17]
In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Michigan State Senate was reduced from 27-10 to 22-16.
| Michigan State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 10 | 16 | |
| Republican Party | 27 | 22 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 38 | 38 | |
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2014
Elections for the Michigan State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election was held on August 5, 2014, and a general election took place on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was April 22, 2014. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 26-12 majority. Republicans gained one seat in the election, giving them a 27-11 majority.
2010
Elections for the office of Michigan State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on August 3, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was May 11, 2010. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 22-16 majority. Republicans gained four seats in the election, giving them a 26-12 majority.
In 2010, the candidates running for state Senate raised a total of $16,309,515 in campaign contributions. The top 10 donors were:[18]
2006
Elections for the office of Michigan State Senate consisted of a primary election on August 8, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. During the 2006 election, the total of contributions to Senate candidates was $14,463,621. The top 10 contributors were:[19]
2002
Elections for the office of Michigan State Senate consisted of a primary election on August 6, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. During the 2002 election, the total of contributions to Senate candidates was $13,900,019. The top 10 contributors were:[20]
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House elections
Michigan state representatives serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. Michigan holds elections for its legislature in even years.
2026
Elections for the Michigan House of Representatives will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.
2024
Elections for the Michigan House of Representatives took place in 2024. The general election was on November 5, 2024. The primary was August 6, 2024. The filing deadline was April 23, 2024. Heading into the 2024 election, there were 56 Democrats and 54 Republicans in the chamber.
In the November 2024 election, Republicans gained control of the Michigan House of Representatives by a margin of 58-52.
| Michigan House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 5, 2024 | After November 6, 2024 | |
| Democratic Party | 56 | 52 | |
| Republican Party | 54 | 58 | |
| Total | 110 | 110 | |
2022
Elections for the Michigan House of Representatives took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 2, 2022. The filing deadline was April 19, 2022. Heading into the 2022 election, there were 58 Republicans and 52 Democrats in the chamber.
In the November 2022 election, Democrats gained control of the Michigan House of Representatives by a margin of 56-54.
| Michigan House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 8, 2022 | After November 9, 2022 | |
| Democratic Party | 53 | 56 | |
| Republican Party | 56 | 54 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 110 | 110 | |
2020
Elections for the office of Michigan House of Representatives took place in 2020. Heading into the 2020 election, there were 58 Republicans, 51 Democrats, and one vacancy in the chamber. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 4, 2020. The filing deadline was April 21, 2020.
In the November 2020 election, Republicans maintained control of the Michigan House of Representatives by a margin of 58-52.
| Michigan House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 3, 2020 | After November 4, 2020 | |
| Democratic Party | 51 | 52 | |
| Republican Party | 58 | 58 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 110 | 110 | |
2018
Elections for the Michigan House of Representatives took place in 2018. The open primary election took place on August 7, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was April 24, 2018.[21]
In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Michigan House of Representatives was reduced from 63-46 to 58-52.
| Michigan House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 46 | 52 | |
| Republican Party | 63 | 58 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 110 | 110 | |
2016
Elections for the Michigan House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election was held on August 2, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was April 19, 2016. All 110 seats in the Michigan House of Representatives were up for election in 2016.
Heading into the election, Republicans held a 62-45 majority with three vacancies. Republicans gained one seat in the election, giving them a 63-47 majority.
| Michigan House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
| Democratic Party | 45 | 47 | |
| Republican Party | 62 | 63 | |
| Vacancy | 3 | 0 | |
| Total | 110 | 110 | |
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2014Elections for the Michigan House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election was held on August 5, 2014, and a general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was April 22, 2014. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 59-50 majority with one independent member. Republicans gained four seats in the election, giving them a 63-47 majority.
2012Elections for the office of Michigan House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on August 7, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was May 12, 2012. All 110 seats were up for election. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 63-47 majority. Republicans lost four seats in the election, giving them a 59-51 majority.
The table below details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election in 2012.
2010Elections for the office of Michigan House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on August 3, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was May 11, 2010. Heading into the election, Democrats held a 65-42 majority with three vacancies. Democrats lost 18 seats in the election, giving Republicans a 63-47 majority.
In 2010, candidates running for state house raised a total of $17,146,452 in campaign contributions. The top 10 donors were:[22]
2008Elections for the office of Michigan House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on August 5, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008. During the 2008 election, the total of contributions to House candidates was $15,640,045. The top 10 contributors were:[23]
2006Elections for the office of Michigan House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on August 8, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. During the 2006 election, the total of contributions to House candidates was $16,212,812. The top 10 contributors were:[24]
2004Elections for the office of Michigan House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on August 3, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004. During the 2004 election, the total of contributions to House candidates was $16,209,181. The top 10 contributors were:[25]
2002Elections for the office of Michigan House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on August 6, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. During the 2002 election, the total of contributions to House candidates was $12,625,867. The top 10 contributors were:[26]
2000Elections for the office of Michigan House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on August 8, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000. During the 2000 election, the total of contributions to House candidates was $9,383,446. The top 10 contributors were:[27]
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District maps
State Senate
State House
See also
- State legislature
- Michigan State Legislature
- Michigan State Senate
- Michigan House of Representatives
- List of Michigan state legislative elections
Footnotes
- ↑ Michigan Constitution, "Article IV, Section 7," accessed May 21, 2025
- ↑ Michigan Legislature, "Statute 168.178, Michigan Compiled Laws," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Michigan Legislature, "Constitution of Michigan of 1963, Article 5, Section 13," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Michigan Legislature, "Statute 168.634 (1)-(2), Michigan Compiled Laws," accessed May 22, 2014
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Michigan Constitution, "Article IV, Section 7," accessed May 21, 2024
- ↑ Michigan Legislature, "Statute 168.178, Michigan Compiled Laws," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Michigan Legislature, "Constitution of Michigan of 1963, Article 5, Section 13," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ Michigan Legislature, "Statute 168.634 (1)-(2), Michigan Compiled Laws," accessed May 22, 2014
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Michigan Radio, "Redistricting proposal passes in Michigan," November 6, 2018
- ↑ Michigan Advance, "Federal court grants final approval to new Michigan Senate districts," July 26, 2024
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Michigan Advance, "Redistricting commission selects a proposed Senate map on 6th round of voting," June 27, 2024
- ↑ PacerMonitor, "Opinion and order," March 27, 2024
- ↑ Michigan Public, "Federal court finds Detroit-area legislative districts unconstitutional, orders them redrawn," December 21, 2023
- ↑ Michigan.gov, "2018 Michigan election dates," accessed November 9, 2017
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2010 - Candidates," accessed September 3, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2006 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2002 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Michigan.gov, "2018 Michigan election dates," accessed November 9, 2017
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2010 - Candidates," accessed September 4, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2008 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2006 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2004 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2002 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Michigan 2000 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
