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Minnesota's 8th Congressional District election (August 14, 2018 Democratic primary)

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2016
Minnesota's 8th Congressional District
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: June 5, 2018
Primary: August 14, 2018
General: November 6, 2018

Pre-election incumbent:
Rick Nolan (Democrat)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Voting in Minnesota
Race ratings
Cook Partisan Voter Index (2018): R+4
Cook Political Report: Lean Republican
Inside Elections: Lean Republican
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Lean Republican
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
See also
Minnesota's 8th Congressional District
U.S. Senate (regular)U.S. Senate (special)1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th
Minnesota elections, 2018
U.S. Congress elections, 2018
U.S. Senate elections, 2018
U.S. House elections, 2018

Joe Radinovich (D), a former state representative and campaign manager to departing incumbent Rep. Rick Nolan (D), defeated four other candidates in the Democratic primary in Minnesota's 8th Congressional District on August 14, 2018.

No candidate received an endorsement from the Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party at its multi-ballot nominating convention in April 2018. Former FBI analyst Leah Phifer (D) and Radinovich were the remaining candidates on the final ballot, but neither crossed the 60 percent threshold of support necessary for an endorsement.[1]

Phifer withdrew from the race several days later, narrowing the field to Radinovich, North Branch Mayor Kirsten Hagen Kennedy (D), former news anchor Michelle Lee (D), state Rep. Jason Metsa (D), and Soren Christian Sorensen.

Metsa received the endorsement of the United Steelworkers and other local unions, while Lee opposed copper-nickel mining and the PolyMet copper mine project.[2]

Lee came in second in the race, with 28 percent support to Radinovich's 44 percent.

This district was seen as critical for the party to retake control of the U.S. House. Although represented by a Democrat in 2016, the district flipped from supporting Barack Obama by 6 points to backing Donald Trump by 15 points in the presidential election that year.[3][4]



Minnesota voter? Dates you need to know.
Primary electionAugust 14, 2018
Candidate filing deadlineJune 5, 2018
Registration deadlineJuly 24, 2018
Absentee application deadlineAugust 13, 2018
General electionNovember 6, 2018
Voting information
Primary typeOpen
Polling locations: Go to this page to find early voting locations and your assigned precinct for election day.


For more on related elections, please see:


Candidates and election results

Joe Radinovich defeated Michelle Lee, Jason Metsa, Kirsten Hagen Kennedy, and Soren Christian Sorensen in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Minnesota District 8 on August 14, 2018.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Minnesota District 8

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Joe Radinovich
Joe Radinovich
 
44.1
 
30,732
Image of Michelle Lee
Michelle Lee
 
27.5
 
19,182
Image of Jason Metsa
Jason Metsa
 
13.2
 
9,229
Image of Kirsten Hagen Kennedy
Kirsten Hagen Kennedy
 
11.7
 
8,133
Image of Soren Christian Sorensen
Soren Christian Sorensen
 
3.5
 
2,415

Total votes: 69,691
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Debates and forums

July 20, 2018, debate

Kennedy, Lee, Metsa, and Radinovich participated in a radio debate at Minnesota Public Radio's Duluth studio on July 20, 2018. The candidates discussed mining, healthcare, and the Trump administration.[5]

  • Find the Mesabi Daily News round-up of the debate here.
  • Find the MPR News round-up of the debate here.

Campaign themes and policy stances

Mining and environmental policy

The Democratic-Farmer-Labor candidates participated in a candidate forum on April 4, 2018, where they offered differing opinions on the interests of pro-union miners and environmentalists:[2]

  • Kennedy noted that not mining in Minnesota would result in importing those materials from third-world countries where fewer worker protections exist. "We want to move toward a green economy; we want to use technology. To move us there we need minerals and the minerals we are looking for are found in Minnesota on the Iron Range," she said.
  • Lee said, "I support iron ore mining and unions. I am not convinced we can do copper-nickel mining in a water-rich environment."
  • Metsa said experts involved in the permitting process should be trusted. "When it comes to our projects, we need to support our state employees and public servants and they have recommended that these things can move forward. ... Their work is essentially what they have spent their fields and entire careers learning expertise in. We need to trust [their judgment]," he said.
  • Phifer said, "Copper-nickel mining is what we're discussing here today. ... The PolyMet/Twin Metals copper-nickel type of mining has never been done in Minnesota and it is very, very different and it is very, very risky in a water-rich environment like we have here." She added that she would likely be uncomfortable with such a project, regardless of whether companies prepared for cleanup activities.
  • According to the Duluth News Tribune, Radinovich "seemed to agree with precious-metals mining in northern Minnesota, calling for transparency and high standards that he said could 'assure proper closure after the life of the project.'"

Campaign finance

The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted by candidates for Minnesota's 8th Congressional District to the Federal Election Commission.


Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Kirsten Hagen Kennedy Democratic Party $21,443 $15,716 $5,165 As of September 30, 2018
Michelle Lee Democratic Party $64,189 $65,689 $0 As of December 31, 2018
Jason Metsa Democratic Party $286,672 $286,473 $199 As of October 15, 2018
Joe Radinovich Democratic Party $2,432,207 $2,390,503 $41,704 As of December 31, 2018
Soren Christian Sorensen Democratic Party $610 $536 $74 As of June 30, 2018
Pete Stauber Republican Party $1,777,703 $1,759,367 $18,336 As of December 31, 2018
Harry Welty Republican Party $0 $0 $0 Data not available***
Ray Sandman Independence Party $20,291 $21,694 $0 As of December 31, 2018

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.
*** Candidate either did not report any receipts or disbursements to the FEC, or Ballotpedia did not find an FEC candidate ID.


Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
Minnesota's 8th Congressional District, Democratic primary
Poll Democratic Party Radinovich Democratic Party LeeDemocratic Party MetsaDemocratic Party KennedyOther/UndecidedMargin of ErrorSample Size
Victoria Research
May 12-17, 2018
17%16%9%6%52%+/-4.9400
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org


Campaign tactics and strategies

Campaign advertisements

Democratic Party Joe Radinovich

Support
"For Us" - Radinovich ad, released August 6, 2018
"Take Our Country Back" - Radinovich ad, released July 25, 2018

Endorsements

Ballotpedia tracks endorsements by organizations and elected officials. We have located the following endorsements in this race. To notify us of other endorsements, please email us.

Democratic primary election endorsements
Endorsement Kennedy Lee Metsa Radinovich
Federal officials
Rep. Rick Nolan (D)[6]
State officials
Lieutenant Governor Yvonne Prettner Solon (D)[7]
Former state Rep. Jeremy Kalin (D)[8]
Minnesota Senate Minority Leader Tom Bakk (D)[9]
Organizations
American Federation of Government Employees [10]
United Steelworkers[11]
Boilermakers Local 647[9]
FCW Local 1189[9]

Timeline

  • July 20, 2018: Kennedy, Lee, Metsa, and Radinovich participated in a radio debate at Minnesota Public Radio's Duluth studio. The candidates discussed mining, healthcare, and the Trump administration.[5]
  • July 9, 2018: Radinovich released his first television ad where he identifies himself as a "fourth generation Iron ranger" and highlights his professional experience as a union organizer and legislator.
  • April 18, 2018: Phifer withdrew from the race, saying, "A divisive primary season would only serve to weaken the party and distract from the issues affecting the people of the 8th District."[12]
  • April 14, 2018: No candidate received an endorsement from the Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party at its multi-ballot nominating convention. Leah Phifer and Joe Radinovich were the remaining candidates on the final ballot, but neither crossed the 60 percent threshold of support necessary for an endorsement. Phifer said, "We were consistently ahead on all 10 ballots which I think means we built the strongest ground game across all 18 counties and made sure no voices were left unheard." Radinovich claimed the endorsement of incumbent Rep. Rick Nolan (D), although Nolan's office called it a preference and said "he will reserve judgment until he sees who decides to run in the primary."[13][1]
  • March 30, 2018: Lieutenant Governor Yvonne Prettner Solon (D) endorsed Lee and joined her campaign as a senior political adviser.[7]
  • March 26, 2018: The United Steelworkers (USW) endorsed Metsa. "As a state representative, Jason came to our union hall to help laid-off workers apply for unemployment and fought to extend those benefits as well as health insurance when our members lost theirs," said USW Local 6860 President Brian Zarn.[11]

Democratic district won by Donald Trump

See also: U.S. House districts represented by a Democrat and won by Donald Trump in 2016 and Split-ticket districts in the 2016 presidential and U.S. House elections

This district was one of 13 Democratic-held U.S. House districts that Donald Trump (R) won in the 2016 presidential election.[14] Some were expected to be among the House's most competitive elections in 2018.


2018 election results in Democratic-held U.S. House districts won by Donald Trump in 2016
District Incumbent 2018 winner 2018 margin 2016 presidential margin 2012 presidential margin
Arizona's 1st Democratic Party Tom O'Halleran Democratic Party Tom O'Halleran D+7.7 Trump+1.1 Romney+2.5
Iowa's 2nd Democratic Party Dave Loebsack Democratic Party Dave Loebsack D+12.2 Trump+4.1 Obama+13.1
Illinois' 17th Democratic Party Cheri Bustos Democratic Party Cheri Bustos D+23.6 Trump+0.7 Obama+17.0
Minnesota's 1st Democratic Party Tim Walz Republican Party Jim Hagedorn R+0.4 Trump+14.9 Obama+1.4
Minnesota's 7th Democratic Party Collin Peterson Democratic Party Collin Peterson D+4.3 Trump+30.8 Romney+9.8
Minnesota's 8th Democratic Party Rick Nolan Republican Party Pete Stauber R+5.5 Trump+15.6 Obama+5.5
New Hampshire's 1st Democratic Party Carol Shea-Porter Democratic Party Chris Pappas D+11.7 Trump+1.6 Obama+1.6
New Jersey's 5th Democratic Party Josh Gottheimer Democratic Party Josh Gottheimer D+11.7 Trump+1.1 Romney+3.1
Nevada's 3rd Democratic Party Jacky Rosen Democratic Party Susie Lee D+9.1 Trump+1.0 Obama+0.8
New York's 18th Democratic Party Sean Patrick Maloney Democratic Party Sean Patrick Maloney D+10.2 Trump+1.9 Obama+4.3
Pennsylvania's 8th Democratic Party Matt Cartwright[15] Democratic Party Matt Cartwright D+9.2 Trump+9.6 Obama+11.9
Pennsylvania's 14th Democratic Party Conor Lamb[16] Republican Party Guy Reschenthaler R+15.9 Trump+29.0 Romney+17.7
Wisconsin's 3rd Democratic Party Ron Kind Democratic Party Ron Kind D+19.4 Trump+4.5 Obama+11.0


Click here to see the 25 Republican-held U.S. House districts that Hillary Clinton (D) won.

Click here to see an overview of all split-ticket districts in the 2016 presidential and U.S. House elections.

Race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Race ratings: Minnesota's 8th Congressional District election, 2018
Race tracker Race ratings
October 30, 2018 October 23, 2018October 16, 2018October 9, 2018
The Cook Political Report Lean Republican Lean RepublicanToss-upToss-up
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales Lean Republican Toss-upToss-upToss-up
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball Lean Republican Lean RepublicanToss-upToss-up
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season.

Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

Nineteen of 87 Minnesota counties—21.8 percent—are Pivot Counties. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008
County Trump margin of victory in 2016 Obama margin of victory in 2012 Obama margin of victory in 2008
Beltrami County, Minnesota 9.72% 9.89% 10.15%
Blue Earth County, Minnesota 3.69% 9.48% 12.95%
Chippewa County, Minnesota 28.70% 1.87% 5.87%
Clay County, Minnesota 1.95% 7.92% 16.02%
Fillmore County, Minnesota 21.70% 7.34% 8.26%
Freeborn County, Minnesota 17.24% 14.11% 17.13%
Houston County, Minnesota 13.87% 3.16% 10.69%
Itasca County, Minnesota 16.35% 9.83% 12.92%
Kittson County, Minnesota 22.05% 6.03% 18.54%
Koochiching County, Minnesota 19.85% 9.45% 10.10%
Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota 25.60% 0.90% 5.92%
Mahnomen County, Minnesota 2.92% 18.56% 25.31%
Mower County, Minnesota 7.82% 22.61% 23.61%
Nicollet County, Minnesota 3.04% 7.83% 10.52%
Norman County, Minnesota 13.34% 10.79% 26.94%
Rice County, Minnesota 3.06% 8.27% 11.50%
Swift County, Minnesota 25.57% 9.83% 13.79%
Traverse County, Minnesota 23.30% 4.44% 5.41%
Winona County, Minnesota 2.90% 12.85% 19.09%

In the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton (D) won Minnesota with 46.4 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 44.9 percent. In presidential elections between 1860 and 2016, Minnesota voted Republican 50 percent of the time and Democratic 47.5 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Minnesota voted Democratic all five times.[17]

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Minnesota. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[18][19]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 68 out of 134 state House districts in Minnesota with an average margin of victory of 27.6 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 62 out of 134 state House districts in Minnesota with an average margin of victory of 30.4 points. Clinton won 12 districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 66 out of 134 state House districts in Minnesota with an average margin of victory of 12.3 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 72 out of 134 state House districts in Minnesota with an average margin of victory of 23.8 points. Trump won seven districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+4, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 4 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Minnesota's 8th Congressional District the 199th most Republican nationally.[20]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.10. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.10 points toward that party.[21]

State overview

Partisan control

This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Minnesota heading into the 2018 elections.

Congressional delegation

State executives

State legislature

  • Republicans had a 77-56 majority in the state House. The state Senate was tied, with 33 Republicans and 33 Democrats.

Trifecta status

  • Minnesota was under divided government, meaning that the two parties shared control of the state government. Mark Dayton (D) served as governor, while Republicans controlled the state legislature.

2018 elections

See also: Minnesota elections, 2018

Minnesota held elections for the following positions in 2018:

Demographics

Demographic data for Minnesota
 MinnesotaU.S.
Total population:5,482,435316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):79,6273,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:84.8%73.6%
Black/African American:5.5%12.6%
Asian:4.4%5.1%
Native American:1%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.7%3%
Hispanic/Latino:5%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:92.4%86.7%
College graduation rate:33.7%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$61,492$53,889
Persons below poverty level:12.2%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Minnesota.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

As of July 2016, Minnesota's three largest cities were Minneapolis (pop. est. 422,000), St. Paul (pop. est. 307,000), and Rochester (pop. est. 116,000).[22]

State election history

This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Minnesota from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the Minnesota Secretary of State.

Historical elections

Presidential elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Minnesota every year from 2000 to 2016.

Election results (President of the United States), Minnesota 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 46.4% Republican Party Donald Trump 44.9% 1.5%
2012 Democratic Party Barack Obama 52.7% Republican Party Mitt Romney 45.0% 7.7%
2008 Democratic Party Barack Obama 54.1% Republican Party John McCain 43.8% 10.3%
2004 Democratic Party John Kerry 51.1% Republican Party George W. Bush 47.6% 3.5%
2000 Democratic Party Al Gore 47.9% Republican Party George W. Bush 45.5% 2.4%

U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Minnesota from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.

Election results (U.S. Senator), Minnesota 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Democratic Party Al Franken 53.2% Republican Party Mike McFadden 42.9% 10.3%
2012 Democratic Party Amy Klobuchar 65.2% Republican Party Kurt Bills 30.5% 34.7%
2008 Democratic Party Al Franken 41.99% Republican Party Norm Coleman 41.98% 0.01%
2006 Democratic Party Amy Klobuchar 58.1% Republican Party Mark Kennedy 37.9% 20.2%
2002 Republican Party Norm Coleman 49.5% Democratic Party Walter Mondale 47.3% 2.2%
2000 Democratic Party Mark Dayton 48.8% Republican Party Rod Grams 43.3% 5.5%

Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Minnesota.

Election results (Governor), Minnesota 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Democratic Party Mark Dayton 50.1% Republican Party Jeff Johnson 44.5% 5.6%
2010 Democratic Party Mark Dayton 43.6% Republican Party Tom Emmer 43.2% 0.4%
2006 Republican Party Tim Pawlenty 46.7% Democratic Party Mike Hatch 45.7% 1.0%
2002 Republican Party Tim Pawlenty 44.4% Democratic Party Roger Moe 36.5% 7.9%

Congressional delegation, 2000-2016

This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Minnesota in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.

Congressional delegation, Minnesota 2000-2016
Year Republicans Republicans (%) Democrats Democrats (%) Balance of power
2016 Republican Party 3 37.5% Democratic Party 5 62.5% D+2
2014 Republican Party 3 37.5% Democratic Party 5 62.5% D+2
2012 Republican Party 3 37.5% Democratic Party 5 62.5% D+2
2010 Republican Party 4 50.0% Democratic Party 4 50.0% Even
2008 Republican Party 3 37.5% Democratic Party 5 62.5% D+2
2006 Republican Party 3 37.5% Democratic Party 5 62.5% D+2
2004 Republican Party 4 50.0% Democratic Party 4 50.0% Even
2002 Republican Party 4 50.0% Democratic Party 4 50.0% Even
2000 Republican Party 3 37.5% Democratic Party 5 62.5% D+2

Trifectas, 1992-2017

A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.

Minnesota Party Control: 1992-2024
Four years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Governor R R R R R R R I I I I R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R D D D D R R R R R R D D
House D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D R R D D R R R R D D D D D D


See also

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 MinnPost, "Eighth District DFL convention ends with no endorsement," April 14, 2018
  2. 2.0 2.1 Duluth News Tribune, "Mining separates 8th DFL candidates," April 4, 2018
  3. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections Live Digest: 6/8," June 8, 2018
  4. Politico, "Minnesota Rep. Nolan won't run for reelection," February 9, 2018
  5. 5.0 5.1 MPR News, "Eighth District DFL hopefuls face off in Duluth debate," July 20, 2018
  6. Twitter, "Joe Radinovich," April 14, 2018
  7. 7.0 7.1 FOX 21 News, "8th District Congressional Candidate Michelle Lee Announces Large Endorsement," March 30, 2018
  8. Vote Kirsten, "Endorsements," accessed July 3, 2018
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Jason Metsa for Congress, "Home," accessed July 3, 2018
  10. PR Newswire, "AFGE Endorses Minnesota's Joe Radinovich for Congress," April 13, 2018
  11. 11.0 11.1 PR Newswire, "Steelworkers Endorse Jason Metsa for Congress in Minnesota's Eighth District," March 26, 2018
  12. Roll Call, "Phifer Drops out of Race to Succeed Nolan in Minnesota’s 8th District," April 18, 2018
  13. KBJR, "DFL Convention ends in no endorsement for 8th congressional district," April 14, 2018
  14. This figure includes Pennsylvania districts that were redrawn by the state Supreme Court in early 2018 and districts that flipped in special elections.
  15. The new 8th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 17th District held by Cartwright. Click here to read more.
  16. The new 14th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 18th District Lamb won in a March 2018 special election. Tim Murphy (R) won the old 18th District in the 2016 election. Click here to read more.
  17. 270towin.com, "Minnesota," accessed June 29, 2017
  18. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  19. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
  20. Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  21. FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  22. Minnesota Demographics, "Minnesota Cities by Population," accessed September 4, 2018


Senators
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
Tom Emmer (R)
District 7
District 8
Democratic Party (6)
Republican Party (4)