Minnesota state legislative special elections, 2025

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As of November, six special elections have been called to fill vacant seats in the Minnesota State Legislature.

Additionally, an election was scheduled to take place on January 28, 2025, for Minnesota House of Representatives District 40B. However, the election was canceled by an order from the Minnesota Supreme Court. The election was later rescheduled for March 11, 2025.[1] Click here to read more about the special elections.

House special elections called:

Senate special elections called:

How vacancies are filled in Minnesota

See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures


Vacancies in the Minnesota State Legislature are filled through election. If there are more than 150 days before the next state general election, and the legislature will not be in session before the results are canvassed, then any vacancy is filled at the next state general election.[2][3]

If the vacancy happens during the legislative session, the governor has five days to issue a writ calling for a special election. The election must take place no more than 35 days after the issuance of the writ. If the legislature is out of session and there are fewer than 150 days before the next state general election, the governor must call for a special election so the winner of the election can take office when the legislature reconvenes.[3][4]

DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Minnesota Cons. Art. 4, § 4 and Minnesota Stat. § 204D.19


About the legislature

The Minnesota State Legislature is a bicameral body composed of the Minnesota House of Representatives, with 100 members, and the Minnesota State Senate, with 35 members. The boxes below show the partisan composition of the state House before and after the November 2024 general election and the state Senate before and after the November 2022 general election. For the most up-to-date numbers on partisan composition in this legislature, see here (Senate) and here (House).

Minnesota State Senate
Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
     Democratic Party 31 34
     Republican Party 34 33
     Independent 1 0
     Vacancy 1 0
Total 67 67


Minnesota House of Representatives
Party As of November 5, 2024 After November 6, 2024
     Democratic Party 68 66
     Republican Party 64 67
     Vacancy 2 1
Total 134 134

Special elections

Click [show] to the right of the district name for more information:

January 28, 2025

March 11, 2025

April 29, 2025

September 16, 2025

November 4, 2025

Historical data

There were 1,007 state legislative special elections that took place from 2010 to 2024. Minnesota held 24 special elections during the same time period. The largest number of special elections in Minnesota took place in 2011 when four special elections were held.

The table below details how many state legislative special elections were held in a state in a given year.

Special elections throughout the country

See also: State legislative special elections, 2025

As of November 2025, 94 state legislative special elections have been scheduled for 2025 in 23 states. One special election has also been called to fill a vacancy in the Puerto Rico House of Representatives. Between 2011 and 2024, an average of 70 special elections took place each year.

Breakdown of 2025 special elections

In 2025, special elections for state legislative positions are being held for the following reasons:

  • 39 due to appointment, election, or the seeking of election to another position
  • 25 due to resignation
  • 14 due to redistricting
  • 15 due to the death of the incumbent
  • 1 due to the officeholder leaving at term end


Impact of special elections on partisan composition

The partisan breakdown for the special elections is as follows:


As of November 6th, 2025, Republicans controlled 55.38% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.6%. Republicans held a majority in 57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.

Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats
Legislative chamber Democratic Party Republican Party Grey.png Other Vacant
State senates 829 1,118 6 20
State houses 2,391 2,972 20 30
Total: 3,220

4,090

26

50


The table below details how many seats changed parties as the result of a special election in 2025. The number on the left reflects how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the number on the right shows how many vacant seats each party won in the special elections.

Note: This table reflects information for elections that have been held and not the total number of vacant seats.

Partisan Change from Special Elections (2025)
Party As of Special Election After Special Election
     Democratic Party 51 40
     Republican Party 43 31
     Independent 0 1
Total 94 72

Flipped seats

In 2025, as of August 26, five seats have changed party hands as a result of state legislative special elections.


Seats that changed from D to I

Seats that changed from R to D



See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ KARE 11, "'Issued prematurely': House District 40B special election set for Jan. 28 canceled, Minnesota Supreme Court rules," January 17, 2025
  2. ↑ Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "Constitution of the State of Minnesota," accessed February 12, 2021 (Article 4, Section 4)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "2020 Minnesota Statutes," accessed February 12, 2021 (Statute 204D.19 (1)-(3))
  4. ↑ Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "2020 Minnesota Statutes," accessed February 12, 2021 (Statute 204B.13)
  5. ↑ KARE 11, "'Issued prematurely': House District 40B special election set for Jan. 28 canceled, Minnesota Supreme Court rules," January 17, 2025
  6. ↑ State of Minnesota Executive Department, "Writ of Special Election," December 27, 2024
  7. ↑ MPR News, "Minnesota House tie in peril after judge rules DFL lawmaker can’t be sworn in," December 20, 2024
  8. ↑ The Minnesota Star Tribune, "DFLer resigns seat in Minnesota House after court finds he failed to meet residency requirement," December 27, 2024
  9. ↑ State of Minnesota Executive Department, "Writ of Special Election," December 30, 2024
  10. ↑ The Minnesota Star Tribune, "Special election set for seat held by the late Sen. Kari Dziedzic," December 30, 2024
  11. ↑ Minnesota Legislature, "Special election in District 40B set for March 11," February 7, 2025
  12. ↑ KARE 11, "'Issued prematurely': House District 40B special election set for Jan. 28 canceled, Minnesota Supreme Court rules," January 17, 2025
  13. ↑ MPR News, "Minnesota House tie in peril after judge rules DFL lawmaker can’t be sworn in," December 20, 2024
  14. ↑ The Minnesota Star Tribune, "DFLer resigns seat in Minnesota House after court finds he failed to meet residency requirement," December 27, 2024
  15. ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "Senate District 6 Special Election," accessed March 31, 2025
  16. ↑ KSTP, "Special election to replace former Sen. Justin Eichorn set for April 29," accessed March 31, 2025
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 KSTP, ""Date set for special election to fill vacant House seat caused by assassination of Melissa Hortman,"" July 11, 2025
  18. ↑ KTTC, "Special elections set for Minnesota Senate vacancies," July 29, 2025
  19. ↑ KTTC, "Special elections set for Minnesota Senate vacancies," July 29, 2025
  20. ↑ KTTC, "Special elections set for Minnesota Senate vacancies," July 29, 2025
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