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Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2022 (June 28 Republican primary runoff)
- Runoff date: June 28, 2022
- Mail-in registration deadline: May 31, 2022
- Online registration deadline: N/A
- In-person registration deadline: May 31, 2022
- Early voting starts: N/A
- Early voting ends: N/A
- Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
- Absentee/mail-in voting deadline: June 28, 2022
2024 →
← 2020
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Mississippi's 4th Congressional District |
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Democratic primary Republican primary Republican primary runoff General election |
Election details |
Filing deadline: March 1, 2022 |
Primary: June 7, 2022 Primary runoff: June 28, 2022 General: November 8, 2022 |
How to vote |
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Voting in Mississippi |
Race ratings |
Cook Political Report: Solid Republican Inside Elections: Solid Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican |
Ballotpedia analysis |
U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2022 |
See also |
1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th Mississippi elections, 2022 U.S. Congress elections, 2022 U.S. Senate elections, 2022 U.S. House elections, 2022 |
Mike Ezell defeated incumbent Steven Palazzo in the June 28 Republican primary runoff for Mississippi's 4th Congressional District. Ezell received 53.6% of the vote and Palazzo received 46.4%. In the June 7 primary, Palazzo received 31.6% of the vote, while Ezell received 25.1%. Both candidates advanced to a runoff because no candidate received more than 50% of the vote.
Palazzo was first elected to the U.S. House in 2010. From 2006 to 2011, he served in the Mississippi House of Representatives. Palazzo said voters should choose him because of his experience in Congress, relationships at the state, local, and federal levels, and seat on the House Committee on Appropriations. Palazzo said, "If we lose this Appropriations seat, we will not get it back."[1] Palazzo also said, "I'm the one with the proven track record. I've been working hard for south Mississippi for over 12 years. Look, $26 billion for 26 ships since 2011, fighting for our men and women in uniform, helping to secure funds for the wall on our southern border. I think I've been an effective legislator for south Mississippi."[1] House Minority Whip Rep. Steve Scalise (R-La.) and the National Right to Life endorsed Palazzo's re-election.[2][3]
At the time of the election, Ezell was the Jackson County Sheriff, a position to which he was first elected in 2014. Ezell campaigned on protecting the 2nd Amendment, securing the border, and growing the economy.[4] Ezell said voters should choose him because of his law enforcement experience: "From the chaos and crisis on our southern border to the crime and drugs that are hurting so many communities across our country, it’s going to take someone in Congress with real law enforcement experience to tackle these issues that affect all of us."[5] The candidates who lost in the June 7 primary—Clay Wagner, Brice Wiggins, Carl Boyanton, Raymond Brooks, and Kidron Peterson—endorsed Ezell.[6]
Allegations that Palazzo previously misused campaign funds were an issue in the primary, with Ezell saying, "Steven Palazzo has been under the cloud of an ethics investigation."[7] In 2020, the Office of Congressional Ethics released a report that said the allegations should be further investigated because "there is substantial reason to believe that Rep. Palazzo converted funds to personal use to pay expenses that were not legitimate and verifiable campaign expenditures attributable to bona fide campaign or political purposes."[8] Palazzo denied the allegations. Palazzo's campaign spokesman said, "All of this from the beginning was political, created by Congressman Palazzo's political opponents...We've long been ready to get this behind us and we fully believe it will be resolved in Congressman Palazzo's favor."[9] At the time of the election, the House Ethics Committee's review of the allegations was ongoing.[10][11]
This page focuses on Mississippi's 4th Congressional District Republican primary runoff. For more in-depth information on the Republican primary, the district's Democratic primary, and the general election, see the following pages:
- Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2022 (June 7 Republican primary)
- Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2022 (June 7 Democratic primary)
- Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2022

Candidates and election results
Republican primary runoff election
Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Mississippi District 4
Mike Ezell defeated incumbent Steven Palazzo in the Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on June 28, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Mike Ezell | 53.8 | 31,225 | |
![]() | Steven Palazzo | 46.2 | 26,849 |
Total votes: 58,074 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
News and conflicts in this primary
This race was featured in The Heart of the Primaries, a newsletter capturing stories related to conflicts within each major party. Click here to read more about conflict in this and other 2022 Republican U.S. House primaries. Click here to subscribe to the newsletter.
Candidate comparison
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: Yes
Political Office:
- Mississippi's 4th Congressional District (Assumed office: 2011)
- Mississippi House of Representatives (2006-2011)
Biography: Palazzo served in the U.S. Marine Corps and in the Mississippi National Guard, and earned bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Southern Mississippi. His professional experience includes starting and running his own accounting firm.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 in 2022.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office:
Jackson County Sheriff (Assumed office: 2016)
Biography: Ezell earned a bachelor's degree in criminal justice from the University of Southern Mississippi in 1997. His professional experience includes working as a law enforcement officer.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 in 2022.
Campaign advertisements
This section includes a selection of up to three campaign advertisements per candidate released in this race, as well as links to candidates' YouTube, Vimeo, and/or Facebook video pages. If you are aware of other links that should be included, please email us.
Steven Palazzo
Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for Steven Palazzo while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.
Mike Ezell
June 15, 2022 |
June 8, 2022 |
June 1, 2022 |
View more ads here:
Endorsements
Click the links below to see official endorsement lists published on candidate campaign websites for any candidates that make that information available. If you are aware of a website that should be included, please email us.
Election competitiveness
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[12]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[13][14][15]
Race ratings: Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2022 | |||||||||
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Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
November 8, 2022 | November 1, 2022 | October 25, 2022 | October 18, 2022 | ||||||
The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. |
Election spending
Campaign finance
This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[16] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[17]
Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steven Palazzo | Republican Party | $1,169,775 | $1,460,684 | $10,120 | As of December 31, 2022 |
Mike Ezell | Republican Party | $1,062,858 | $1,054,586 | $8,272 | As of December 31, 2022 |
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2022. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
District analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.
- District map - A map of the district before and after redistricting.
- Effect of redistricting - How districts in the state changed as a result of redistricting following the 2020 census.
- Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2022 U.S. House elections in the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
- Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
- State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
District map
Below was the map in use at the time of the election, enacted as part of the 2020 redistricting cycle, compared to the map in place before the election.
Mississippi District 4
until January 2, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Mississippi District 4
starting January 3, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Effect of redistricting
The table below details the results of the 2020 presidential election in each district at the time of the 2022 election and its political predecessor district.[18] This data was compiled by Daily Kos Elections.[19]
2020 presidential results by Congressional district, Mississippi | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
District | 2022 district | Political predecessor district | ||
Joe Biden ![]() |
Donald Trump ![]() |
Joe Biden ![]() |
Donald Trump ![]() | |
Mississippi's 1st | 33.4% | 65.1% | 33.8% | 64.8% |
Mississippi's 2nd | 62.5% | 36.4% | 63.7% | 35.2% |
Mississippi's 3rd | 37.2% | 61.5% | 38.6% | 60.1% |
Mississippi's 4th | 30.3% | 68.2% | 30.3% | 68.3% |
Competitiveness
This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in Mississippi.
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in Mississippi in 2022. Information below was calculated on April 8, 2022, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
As of the candidate filing deadline, 24 candidates—an average of six for each of Mississippi's four U.S. House districts—filed to run, including 16 Republicans, seven Democrats, and one Libertarian. The six candidates per district average was more than it was in both 2020—3.5 candidates per district—and 2018 (4.75).
All four incumbents filed for re-election, leaving no districts open. Mississippi had only one open-seat U.S. House race since 2012. Former Rep. Gregg Harper (R) did not run for re-election in 2018 in the state's 3rd Congressional District and Rep. Michael Guest (R) won the Republican nomination from a six-candidate field. Guest defeated Michael Evans (D) in the general election that year, 62% to 37%.
This was the first candidate filing deadline to take place under new district lines adopted following Mississippi's decennial redistricting process. Mississippi was apportioned four seats in the House of Representatives, the same number it received after the 2010 census. Gov. Tate Reeves (R) signed the state's congressional redistricting plan on January 24, 2022. After the state Senate approved the plan, Lee Sanderlin wrote in the Mississippi Clarion-Ledger, “The bill preserves the current balance of congressional power in Mississippi, keeping three seats for Republicans and one for lone Democrat Bennie Thompson."[20]
All four U.S. House incumbents drew primary challengers for the first time since 2012. Overall, the candidate filing deadline set seven contested primaries—four Republican and three Democratic. The only U.S. House district without a Democratic or Republican primary was Mississippi's 3rd District, where Shuwaski Young (D) was left unopposed for his party's nomination.
Presidential elections
Partisan Voter Index
Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+22. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 22 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Mississippi's 4th the 29th most Republican district nationally.[21]
2020 presidential election results
The table below shows what the vote in the 2020 presidential election would have been in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.
2020 presidential results in Mississippi's 4th based on 2022 district lines | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Joe Biden ![]() |
Donald Trump ![]() | |||
30.3% | 68.2% |
Presidential voting history
Mississippi presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 16 Democratic wins
- 13 Republican wins
- 2 other wins
Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960[22] | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winning Party | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | SR[23] | D | D | D | R | AI[24] | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Demographics
The table below details demographic data in Mississippi and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019. {{{Demo widget}}}
State party control
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of Mississippi's congressional delegation as of November 2022.
Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Mississippi, November 2022 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
Democratic | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Republican | 2 | 3 | 5 |
Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 4 | 6 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in Mississippi's top four state executive offices as of November 2022.
State executive officials in Mississippi, November 2022 | |
---|---|
Office | Officeholder |
Governor | ![]() |
Lieutenant Governor | ![]() |
Secretary of State | ![]() |
Attorney General | ![]() |
State legislature
The tables below highlight the partisan composition of the Mississippi State Legislature as of November 2022.
Mississippi State Senate
Party | As of November 2022 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 16 | |
Republican Party | 36 | |
Vacancies | 0 | |
Total | 52 |
Mississippi House of Representatives
Party | As of November 2022 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 42 | |
Republican Party | 75 | |
Independent | 3 | |
Vacancies | 2 | |
Total | 122 |
Trifecta control
As of November 2022, Mississippi was a Republican trifecta, with majorities in both chambers of the state legislature and control of the governorship. The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state.
Mississippi Party Control: 1992-2022
Four years of Democratic trifectas • Eleven years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Election context
Ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Mississippi in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Mississippi, click here.
Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2022 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
Mississippi | U.S. House | Ballot-qualified party | N/A | $500.00 | 3/1/2022 | Source |
Mississippi | U.S. House | Unaffiliated | 200 | $500.00 | 3/1/2022 | Source |
District history
2020
General election
General election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4
Incumbent Steven Palazzo won election in the general election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Steven Palazzo (R) | 100.0 | 255,971 |
Total votes: 255,971 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4
Incumbent Steven Palazzo defeated Robert Deming, Samuel Hickman, and Carl Boyanton in the Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on March 10, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Steven Palazzo | 66.8 | 54,318 |
Robert Deming | 14.1 | 11,463 | ||
Samuel Hickman | 9.8 | 7,981 | ||
![]() | Carl Boyanton | 9.3 | 7,533 |
Total votes: 81,295 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4
Incumbent Steven Palazzo defeated Jeramey Anderson and Lajena Sheets in the general election for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Steven Palazzo (R) | 68.2 | 152,633 |
![]() | Jeramey Anderson (D) | 30.7 | 68,787 | |
Lajena Sheets (Reform Party) | 1.0 | 2,312 |
Total votes: 223,732 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- William Turner (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4
Jeramey Anderson advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Jeramey Anderson | 100.0 | 14,560 |
Total votes: 14,560 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4
Incumbent Steven Palazzo defeated E. Brian Rose in the Republican primary for U.S. House Mississippi District 4 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Steven Palazzo | 70.5 | 30,270 |
![]() | E. Brian Rose | 29.5 | 12,664 |
Total votes: 42,934 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Steven Palazzo (R) defeated Mark Gladney (D), Richard Blake McCluskey (L) and Shawn O'Hara (Reform) in the general election. Each ran unopposed in their respective primaries.[25]
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
65% | 181,323 | |
Democratic | Mark Gladney | 27.8% | 77,505 | |
Libertarian | Richard Blake McCluskey | 5.3% | 14,687 | |
Reform | Shawn O'Hara | 1.9% | 5,264 | |
Total Votes | 278,779 | |||
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State |
2014
The 4th Congressional District of Mississippi held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Steven Palazzo (R) defeated challengers Matt Moore (D), Joey Robinson (L), Sarge Jackson (RP), Cindy Burleson (I) and Ed Reich (I) in the general election.
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
69.9% | 108,776 | |
Democratic | Matt Moore | 24.3% | 37,869 | |
Libertarian | Joey Robinson | 2.2% | 3,473 | |
Reform | Eli Jackson | 0.6% | 917 | |
Independent | Cindy Burleson | 2.4% | 3,684 | |
Independent | Ed Reich | 0.6% | 857 | |
Total Votes | 155,576 | |||
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State Official Results |
General election candidates
June 3, 2014, primary results
|
2012
The 4th Congressional District of Mississippi held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012.Incumbent Steven Palazzo won re-election in the district.[26]
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Matthew Moore | 28.8% | 82,344 | |
Republican | ![]() |
64.1% | 182,998 | |
Libertarian | Ron Williams | 0.7% | 2,108 | |
Reform | Robert W. Claunch | 6.3% | 17,982 | |
Total Votes | 285,432 | |||
Source: Mississippi Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" |
Primary results
Republican Primary
Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
73.9% | 60,349 |
Ron Vincent | 18.7% | 15,308 |
Cindy Burleson | 7.4% | 6,038 |
Total Votes | 81,695 |
Democratic Primary
Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
83.8% | 8,863 |
Jason Vitosky | 16.2% | 1,708 |
Total Votes | 10,571 |
Click [show] to view election results dating to 2010 and earlier. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2022 battleground elections
- See also: Battlegrounds
This election was a battleground race. Other 2022 battleground elections included:
- Minnesota gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2022
- North Carolina 26th Prosecutorial District Attorney election, 2022 (May 17 Democratic primary)
- Oklahoma gubernatorial election, 2022
- Texas state legislative Republican primaries, 2022
- Texas' 8th Congressional District election, 2022 (March 1 Republican primary)
See also
- Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2022 (June 7 Republican primary)
- Mississippi's 4th Congressional District election, 2022
- United States House elections in Mississippi, 2022 (June 7 Democratic primaries)
- United States House elections in Mississippi, 2022 (June 7 Republican primaries)
- United States House Democratic Party primaries, 2022
- United States House Republican Party primaries, 2022
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2022
- U.S. House battlegrounds, 2022
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ya'll Politics, "Palazzo touts benefit of seniority, defends conservative record ahead of June 28th runoff," June 21, 2022
- ↑ Ya'll Politics, "House Republican Whip Scalise in South Mississippi to support Congressman Palazzo’s re-election," June 17, 2022
- ↑ Ya'll Politics, "MS04: Palazzo endorsed for re-election by National Right to Life," May 27, 2022
- ↑ Ya'll Politics, "Ezell pushes back on Palazzo’s claims, says he will show up for South Mississippi," June 22, 2022
- ↑ Picayune Item, "Mike Ezell Campaign for Congress Launches 2nd TV Ad Today," May 4, 2022
- ↑ Gulf Live, "Former opponents all back Mike Ezell in runoff versus Palazzo," June 9, 2022
- ↑ Mississippi Today, "Every Republican challenger of Rep. Steven Palazzo endorses his runoff opponent Mike Ezell," June 9, 2022
- ↑ Office of Congressional Ethics United States House of Representatives, "Review No. 20-2124," accessed June23, 2022
- ↑ Clarion Ledger, "Ethics complaints against Rep. Steven Palazzo likely to ‘evaporate’ in Congress," May 26, 2022
- ↑ New York Times, "Representative Steven Palazzo is forced into a runoff in Mississippi.," June 7, 2022
- ↑ House Committee on Ethics, "Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Steven Palazzo," March 1, 2021
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
- ↑ Political predecessor districts are determined primarily based on incumbents and where each chose to seek re-election.
- ↑ Daily Kos Elections, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 presidential results by congressional district (old CDs vs. new CDs)," accessed May 12, 2022
- ↑ Mississippi Clarion-Ledger, "Mississippi redistricting: Senate follows House, approves expanded 2nd District," Jan. 12, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
- ↑ Although he was not on the ballot, Harry F. Byrd (D) won Mississippi's eight unpledged electoral votes in the 1960 election against Richard Nixon (R) and Democratic Party nominee John F. Kennedy.
- ↑ States' Rights Democratic Party
- ↑ American Independent Party
- ↑ Mississippi Secretary of State, "2016 Candidate Qualifying List," accessed January 12, 2016
- ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, Mississippi," accessed November 6, 2012
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
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