Montana State Senate elections, 2018
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 9[2]
- Early voting: Oct. 9 - Nov. 5
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6
- Online registration: No
- Same-day registration: Yes
- Voter ID: Non-photo ID required
- Poll times: Polling places open between 7:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. and close at 8:00 p.m.
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| 2018 Montana Senate elections | |
|---|---|
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| General | November 6, 2018 |
| Primary | June 5, 2018 |
| Past election results |
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| 2018 elections | |
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Republicans held control of the Montana State Senate, winning 14 seats to Democrats' 11 seats and establishing a 30-20 majority in 2018. Twenty-five seats out of the chamber's 50 seats were up for election. At the time of the election, Republicans held a 32-18 majority.
Following the 2018 election, Montana continued to be under divided government with Republicans keeping control of both the state House and Senate. The governor's office, held by Steve Bullock (D), was not up for election.
Because state senators in Montana serve four-year terms, winning candidates in the 2018 election served through 2022 and played a role in Montana's redistricting process—the drawing of boundary lines for congressional and state legislative districts. In Montana, an independent commission draws state legislative district boundaries. Senate and House majority and minority leaders appoint members to the commision. Read more below.
The Montana State Senate was one of 87 state legislative chambers with elections in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
Montana state senators serve staggered, four-year terms and half of the Senate is up for election every two years.
Post-election analysis
- See also: State legislative elections, 2018
The Republican Party maintained control of both chambers of the Montana State Legislature in the 2018 election. In the state Senate, 25 out of 50 seats were up for election. The Republican Montana State Senate majority was reduced from 32-18 to 30-20. One Republican incumbent was defeated in the primary and one Republican incumbent was defeated in the general election.
The Montana House of Representatives held elections for all 100 seats. The Republican majority in the House of Representatives was reduced from 59-41 to 58-42. Two Republican incumbents were defeated in the general election.
National background
On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 6,073 of 7,383 total seats, meaning that nearly 82 percent of all state legislative seats were up for election.
- Entering the 2018 election, Democrats held 42.6 percent, Republicans held 56.8 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.6 percent of the seats up for regular election.
- Following the 2018 election, Democrats held 47.3 percent, Republicans held 52.3 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.4 percent of the seats up for regular election.
- A total of 469 incumbents were defeated over the course of the election cycle, with roughly one-third of them defeated in the primary.
Want more information?
- Incumbents defeated in 2018's state legislative elections
- 2018 election analysis: Partisan balance of state legislative chambers
- 2018 election analysis: Number of state legislators by party
- 2018 election analysis: State legislative supermajorities
Candidates
General election
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection
Primary election
Margins of victory
A margin of victory (MOV) analysis for the 2018 Montana State Senate races is presented in this section. MOV represents the percentage of total votes that separated the winner and the second-place finisher. For example, if the winner of a race received 47 percent of the vote and the second-place finisher received 45 percent of the vote, the MOV is 2 percent.
The table below presents the following figures for each party:
- Elections won
- Elections won by less than 10 percentage points
- Elections won without opposition
- Average margin of victory[3]
| Montana State Senate: 2018 Margin of Victory Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Elections won | Elections won by less than 10% | Unopposed elections | Average margin of victory[3] |
 Democratic |
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 Republican |
||||
 Other |
||||
| Total | ||||
The margin of victory in each race is presented below. The list is sorted from the closest MOV to the largest (including unopposed races).
Seats flipped
The below map displays each seat in the Montana State Senate which changed partisan hands as a result of the 2018 elections, shaded according to the partisan affiliation of the winner in 2018. Hover over a shaded district for more information.
| State legislative seats flipped in 2018, Montana State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| District | Incumbent | 2018 winner | Direction of flip |
| Montana State Senate District 11 | Edward Buttrey |
Tom Jacobson |
R to D |
| Montana State Senate District 32 | Jedediah Hinkle |
Pat Flowers |
R to D |
Incumbents retiring
Eight incumbents did not run for re-election in 2018.[4] Those incumbents were:
| Name | Party | Office |
|---|---|---|
| Chas Vincent |  Republican |
Senate District 1 |
| Lea Whitford |  Democratic |
Senate District 8 |
| Llew Jones | Republican |
Senate District 9 |
| Edward Buttrey | Republican |
Senate District 11 |
| Frederick "Eric" Moore | Republican |
Senate District 19 |
| Nels Swandal | Republican |
Senate District 30 |
| Mary Caferro | Democratic |
Senate District 41 |
| Tom Facey | Democratic |
Senate District 50 |
Process to become a candidate
For qualified party candidates
See statutes: Title 13, Chapter 10, Section 201 of the Montana Code
In order to qualify for placement on the primary ballot, a candidate for the nomination of a recognized political party must file a declaration of nomination and pay the required filing fees. The declaration must include an oath of candidacy, which the candidate is required to sign to affirm that, under the state constitution and applicable federal and state laws, he or she is qualified to hold the office being sought. This paperwork must be filed with the Montana Secretary of State if the office being sought is a congressional seat, a state or district office voted for in more than one county, or a state legislative seat.[5][6]
Filing fees are established in Title 13, Chapter 10, Section 202, of the Montana Code Annotated 2023. These fees are summarized in the table below.[7]
| Filing fees | |
|---|---|
| Office sought | How the fee is determined |
| For offices earning an annual salary of $2,500 or less and members of the state legislature | $15 |
| For offices (except county-level) earning an annual salary of more than $2,500 | 1% of salary |
| For offices in which compensation is paid in fees | $10 |
For independent, indigent, and non-qualified party candidates
See statutes: Title 13, Chapter 10, Section 501 of the Montana Code Annotated 2013
In order to qualify for placement on the general election ballot, a candidate must file an "Independent, Minor Party, or Indigent Candidate Declaration, Oath of Candidacy, and Petition for Nomination." Independent and non-qualified party candidates are liable for the same filing fees as qualified party candidates (see table above). Indigent candidates (i.e., those who do not have the resources to pay the filing fees) are not required to pay the statutory filing fees and may have their names placed on the ballot via the petition process only.[8][9]
Nominating petitions must be signed by electors residing within the state and district or political subdivision in which the official is to be elected. Valid signatures must total at least 5 percent of the total votes cast at the last general election for the successful candidate for the office being sought.[10]
For write-in candidates
In order to have his or her votes counted, a write-in candidate must submit to the Montana Secretary of State a "Declaration of Intent and Oath of Candidacy" and pay the requisite filing fees (noted above).[11]
Qualifications
To be eligible to serve in the Montana State Senate, a candidate must be:[12]
- A resident of the state for at least one year next preceding the general election
- A resident of the county for six months preceding the general election if it contains one or more districts or of the district if it contains all or parts of more than one county.
Salaries and per diem
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[13] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $104.86/legislative day | $171/day |
When sworn in
Montana legislators assume office the first Monday of January following the election. If January 1 is a Monday, legislators assume office on the first Wednesday.[14]
Montana political history
Party control
2018
In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Montana State Senate was reduced from 32-18 to 30-20.
| Montana State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 18 | 20 | |
| Republican Party | 32 | 30 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | |
2016
In the 2016 elections, Republicans maintained their majority in the Montana State Senate.
| Montana State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
| Democratic Party | 20 | 18 | |
| Republican Party | 29 | 32 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | |
Trifectas
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Republicans in Montana held a state government trifecta for 10 years between 1992 and 2017.
Montana Party Control: 1992-2025
No Democratic trifectas • Fifteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Impact of term limits
The Montana State Senate has been a term-limited state Senate since Montana voters approved CI-64 in 1992. C-64 created Section 8 of Article IV of the Montana Constitution, which says that Montana State Senators cannot serve eight or more years in any 16-year period as a state senator.
A total of 25 out of 50 seats in the Montana State Senate were up for election in 2018. In the 2018 elections, six senators were ineligible to run because of term limits. The following state senators were term-limited in 2018:
Democratic: (2)
Republicans (4):
Of the 87 state legislative chambers that held elections in 2018, 24 of them—12 senate chambers and 12 house chambers—included incumbents who were unable to run for re-election due to term limits.[15] In the 24 chambers affected by term limits in 2018, 1,463 seats were up for election.[16] The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
A total of 271 state legislators—96 state senators and 175 state representatives—were ineligible to run in the 2018 elections because of term limits. This represented 4 percent of the 6,066 total seats up for election in November 2018.[17][18] Republicans had twice as many state legislators term-limited in 2018 than Democrats. A total of 86 Democrats were term-limited, while 177 Republicans were term-limited.
Wave election analysis
- See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)
The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?
Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.
Applying this definition to state legislative elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose 494 seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.
The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 state legislative waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.
| State legislative wave elections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | President | Party | Election type | State legislative seats change | Elections analyzed[19] | |
| 1932 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -1,022 | 7,365 | |
| 1922 | Harding | R | First midterm | -907 | 6,907 | |
| 1966 | Johnson | D | First midterm[20] | -782 | 7,561 | |
| 1938 | Roosevelt | D | Second midterm | -769 | 7,179 | |
| 1958 | Eisenhower | R | Second midterm | -702 | 7,627 | |
| 2010 | Obama | D | First midterm | -702 | 7,306 | |
| 1974 | Ford | R | Second midterm[21] | -695 | 7,481 | |
| 1920 | Wilson | D | Presidential | -654 | 6,835 | |
| 1930 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -640 | 7,361 | |
| 1954 | Eisenhower | R | First midterm | -494 | 7,513 | |
Competitiveness
Every year, Ballotpedia uses official candidate lists from each state to examine the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country. Nationally, there has been a steady decline in electoral competitiveness since 2010. Most notable is that the number of districts with general election competition has dropped by more than 10 percent.
Results from 2016
Click here to read the full study »
Historical context
Uncontested elections: In 2014, 32.8 percent of Americans lived in states with an uncontested state senate election. Similarly, 40.4 percent of Americans lived in states with uncontested house elections. Primary elections were uncontested even more frequently, with 61 percent of people living in states with no contested primaries. Uncontested elections often occur in locations that are so politically one-sided that the result of an election would be a foregone conclusion regardless of whether it was contested or not.
Open seats: In most cases, an incumbent will run for re-election, which decreases the number of open seats available. In 2014, 83 percent of the 6,057 seats up for election saw the incumbent running for re-election. The states that impose term limits on their legislatures typically see a higher percentage of open seats in a given year because a portion of incumbents in each election are forced to leave office. Overall, the number of open seats decreased from 2012 to 2014, dropping from 21.2 percent in 2012 to 17.0 percent in 2014.
Incumbent win rates: Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of elections between 1972 and 2014 documented the high propensity for incumbents to win re-election in state legislative elections. In fact, since 1972, the win rate for incumbents had not dropped below 90 percent—with the exception of 1974, when 88 percent of incumbents were re-elected to their seats. Perhaps most importantly, the win rate for incumbents generally increased over time. In 2014, 96.5 percent of incumbents were able to retain their seats. Common convention holds that incumbents are able to leverage their office to maintain their seat. However, the high incumbent win rate may actually be a result of incumbents being more likely to hold seats in districts that are considered safe for their party.
Marginal primaries: Often, competitiveness is measured by examining the rate of elections that have been won by amounts that are considered marginal (5 percent or less). During the 2014 election, 90.1 percent of primary and general election races were won by margins higher than 5 percent. Interestingly, it is usually the case that only one of the two races—primary or general—will be competitive at a time. This means that if a district's general election is competitive, typically one or more of the district's primaries were won by more than 5 percent. The reverse is also true: If a district sees a competitive primary, it is unlikely that the general election for that district will be won by less than 5 percent. Primaries often see very low voter turnout in comparison to general elections. In 2014, there were only 27 million voters for state legislative primaries, but approximately 107 million voters for the state legislative general elections.
Redistricting in Montana
- See also: Redistricting in Montana
Because state senators in Montana serve four-year terms, winning candidates in the 2018 election served through 2022 and played a role in Montana's redistricting process—the drawing of boundary lines for congressional and state legislative districts. In Montana, an independent commission draws state legislative district boundaries. Senate and House majority and minority leaders appoint members to the commision. Prior to 2020-2022, redistricting last took place in Montana from 2011-2012.
State process
Montana uses a non-politician commission for congressional and state legislative redistricting. This commission comprises five members. The majority and minority leaders of each chamber of the state legislature select one member a piece. These four members then select a fifth to serve as the commission's chair. If the first four commissioners are unable to agree on an appointment, the Montana Supreme Court may select the fifth member.[22]
The Montana Constitution requires that no commissioner be a public official. State statutes require that two of the first four commissioners "must be selected from certain counties (roughly, in the Montana Rockies to the west) and two must be selected from the rest of the state (to the east)."[22]
The state's Districting and Apportionment Commission must complete congressional redistricting within 90 days of receiving federal census data. It must prepare a legislative redistricting plan "by the 10th legislative day of the first regular session after the federal census results are available. The Legislature then has 30 days to make recommendations to the commission. Within 30 days of receiving the Legislature's recommendations, the commission must file the redistricting plan with the Secretary of State, and it becomes law. Although the commission may modify the plan to accommodate the Legislature's recommendations, it is not required to do so."[23]
The state constitution requires that districts be both contiguous and compact.[22]
| “ | The ... commission has stated that it may gauge compactness by looking to a district's general appearance, and the degree to which it fosters "functional compactness" through "travel and transportation, communication, and geography." The commission has similarly determined that it will, in drawing legislative districts, consider the boundary lines of political subdivisions (counties, cities, towns, school districts, Indian reservations, neighborhood commissions, and others); follow geographic boundaries; and consider keeping intact communities of interest (based on "Indian reservations, urban[, suburban, or rural] interests, . . . neighborhoods, trade areas, geographic location, communication and transportation networks, media markets, social, cultural and economic interests, or occupations and lifestyles").[24] | ” |
| —All About Redistricting | ||
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
Three of 56 Montana counties—5.4 percent—are Pivot Counties. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
| Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County | Trump margin of victory in 2016 | Obama margin of victory in 2012 | Obama margin of victory in 2008 | ||||
| Blaine County, Montana | 2.46% | 15.32% | 19.24% | ||||
| Hill County, Montana | 17.18% | 3.50% | 12.21% | ||||
| Roosevelt County, Montana | 6.49% | 15.58% | 26.27% | ||||
In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Montana with 56.2 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 35.7 percent. In presidential elections between 1892 and 2016, Montana voted Republican 65.6 percent of the time and Democratic 34.4 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Montana voted Republican all five times.[25]
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state Senate districts in Montana. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[26][27]
| In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 19 out of 50 state Senate districts in Montana with an average margin of victory of 13.6 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 11 out of 50 state Senate districts in Montana with an average margin of victory of 17.8 points. |
| In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 31 out of 50 state Senate districts in Montana with an average margin of victory of 28.8 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 39 out of 50 state Senate districts in Montana with an average margin of victory of 30.9 points. Trump won eight districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections. |
| 2016 presidential results by state Senate District | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
| 1 | 28.71% | 68.14% | R+39.4 | 21.98% | 72.48% | R+50.5 | R |
| 2 | 30.04% | 66.83% | R+36.8 | 25.40% | 67.86% | R+42.5 | R |
| 3 | 39.80% | 57.33% | R+17.5 | 38.78% | 54.58% | R+15.8 | R |
| 4 | 34.23% | 62.53% | R+28.3 | 29.65% | 62.97% | R+33.3 | R |
| 5 | 28.24% | 69.10% | R+40.9 | 25.05% | 69.65% | R+44.6 | R |
| 6 | 34.11% | 63.25% | R+29.1 | 29.09% | 65.31% | R+36.2 | R |
| 7 | 29.31% | 67.04% | R+37.7 | 21.31% | 72.11% | R+50.8 | R |
| 8 | 64.43% | 33.17% | D+31.3 | 60.76% | 32.75% | D+28 | D |
| 9 | 30.12% | 66.60% | R+36.5 | 22.21% | 71.03% | R+48.8 | R |
| 10 | 35.14% | 62.68% | R+27.5 | 29.12% | 65.14% | R+36 | R |
| 11 | 47.16% | 49.63% | R+2.5 | 36.26% | 55.89% | R+19.6 | R |
| 12 | 48.84% | 48.39% | D+0.5 | 41.30% | 50.38% | R+9.1 | D |
| 13 | 48.82% | 47.64% | D+1.2 | 39.10% | 51.88% | R+12.8 | R |
| 14 | 39.21% | 57.21% | R+18 | 29.70% | 62.48% | R+32.8 | R |
| 15 | 27.00% | 70.19% | R+43.2 | 19.63% | 73.87% | R+54.2 | R |
| 16 | 62.79% | 35.13% | D+27.7 | 50.75% | 41.56% | D+9.2 | D |
| 17 | 31.09% | 65.69% | R+34.6 | 20.52% | 72.55% | R+52 | R |
| 18 | 24.13% | 72.41% | R+48.3 | 15.57% | 79.17% | R+63.6 | R |
| 19 | 26.05% | 71.23% | R+45.2 | 17.17% | 77.43% | R+60.3 | R |
| 20 | 24.98% | 71.56% | R+46.6 | 16.19% | 78.36% | R+62.2 | R |
| 21 | 56.80% | 41.34% | D+15.5 | 45.14% | 48.54% | R+3.4 | R |
| 22 | 36.67% | 60.49% | R+23.8 | 28.80% | 62.43% | R+33.6 | R |
| 23 | 34.30% | 63.81% | R+29.5 | 33.85% | 58.71% | R+24.9 | R |
| 24 | 47.24% | 49.87% | R+2.6 | 45.54% | 46.01% | R+0.5 | D |
| 25 | 49.26% | 46.65% | D+2.6 | 41.22% | 47.77% | R+6.6 | D |
| 26 | 44.89% | 51.81% | R+6.9 | 36.41% | 54.44% | R+18 | D |
| 27 | 30.57% | 67.74% | R+37.2 | 27.44% | 66.09% | R+38.7 | R |
| 28 | 37.42% | 59.55% | R+22.1 | 26.48% | 66.31% | R+39.8 | R |
| 29 | 31.79% | 65.53% | R+33.7 | 24.91% | 68.83% | R+43.9 | R |
| 30 | 39.99% | 57.04% | R+17 | 36.16% | 56.43% | R+20.3 | R |
| 31 | 54.55% | 42.69% | D+11.9 | 58.66% | 32.90% | D+25.8 | D |
| 32 | 47.19% | 49.26% | R+2.1 | 43.38% | 45.66% | R+2.3 | R |
| 33 | 55.46% | 40.91% | D+14.5 | 56.24% | 32.22% | D+24 | D |
| 34 | 32.97% | 63.46% | R+30.5 | 28.59% | 61.46% | R+32.9 | D |
| 35 | 28.61% | 68.76% | R+40.1 | 23.79% | 69.15% | R+45.4 | R |
| 36 | 30.28% | 66.90% | R+36.6 | 25.29% | 68.29% | R+43 | R |
| 37 | 67.54% | 29.03% | D+38.5 | 53.08% | 37.39% | D+15.7 | D |
| 38 | 49.27% | 48.32% | D+0.9 | 42.73% | 49.51% | R+6.8 | D |
| 39 | 52.72% | 43.84% | D+8.9 | 39.08% | 52.42% | R+13.3 | D |
| 40 | 41.40% | 56.14% | R+14.7 | 37.27% | 55.34% | R+18.1 | R |
| 41 | 52.42% | 45.04% | D+7.4 | 46.77% | 44.25% | D+2.5 | D |
| 42 | 49.61% | 47.34% | D+2.3 | 45.84% | 45.14% | D+0.7 | D |
| 43 | 33.12% | 64.13% | R+31 | 28.42% | 65.67% | R+37.3 | R |
| 44 | 32.49% | 64.73% | R+32.2 | 27.25% | 66.92% | R+39.7 | R |
| 45 | 59.17% | 38.47% | D+20.7 | 56.78% | 34.67% | D+22.1 | D |
| 46 | 60.70% | 36.21% | D+24.5 | 57.19% | 34.45% | D+22.7 | D |
| 47 | 49.25% | 47.83% | D+1.4 | 42.41% | 50.24% | R+7.8 | R |
| 48 | 56.18% | 40.47% | D+15.7 | 50.93% | 38.88% | D+12.1 | D |
| 49 | 49.06% | 48.00% | D+1.1 | 43.34% | 48.45% | R+5.1 | D |
| 50 | 64.22% | 32.64% | D+31.6 | 61.88% | 28.64% | D+33.2 | D |
| Total | 41.71% | 55.36% | R+13.7 | 35.94% | 56.47% | R+20.5 | - |
| Source: Daily Kos | |||||||
See also
- Montana State Senate
- Montana State Legislature
- State legislative elections, 2018
- Montana state legislative Democratic primaries, 2018
- Montana state legislative Republican primaries, 2018
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ If one missed the Oct. 9 deadline, he or she could have still voted in the election by registering in person at the county election office. Late registration was available until the close of polls on Election Day.
- ↑ If one missed the Oct. 9 deadline, he or she could have still voted in the election by registering in person at the county election office. Late registration was available until the close of polls on Election Day.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Excludes unopposed elections
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ Montana Secretary of State, "Candidates information," accessed April 28, 2025
- ↑ Montana Code Annotated 2023, "Title 13, Chapter 10, Section 201," accessed April 28, 2025
- ↑ Montana Code Annotated 2023, "Title 13, Chapter 10, Section 202," accessed April 28, 2025
- ↑ Montana Secretary of State, "Information for Independent, Minor Party and Indigent Candidates," accessed January 7, 2014
- ↑ Montana Code Annotated 2023, "Title 13, Chapter 10, Section 501," accessed April 28, 2025
- ↑ Montana Code Annotated 2023, "Title 13, Chapter 10, Section 502," accessed April 28, 2025
- ↑ Montana Secretary of State, "Information for Write-in Candidates," accessed April 27, 2025
- ↑ Montana Legislative Services, "Constitution of Montana," accessed March 6, 2014 (Referenced Art. V, Sec. 4)
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Montana State Legislature, "Montana Code Annotated 2021, 5-2-102. Term of office," accessed November 4, 2021
- ↑ The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate were up for election in 2018 and have term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018.
- ↑ The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. In the three chambers, a total of 129 seats were up for election in 2018. No legislators were unable to run in 2018 in those three chamber because of term limits.
- ↑ Ballotpedia confirmed through phone calls that at least seven California legislators were term-limited in 2018. The number of California legislators term-limited and the overall number of term-limited state legislators had a chance to change if Ballotpedia could confirm that more members were term-limited in 2018.
- ↑ Some of the 271 term-limited state legislators in 2018 may resign before their term ends. These legislators were still counted in the total number of term-limited legislators in 2018.
- ↑ The number of state legislative seats available for analysis varied, with as many as 7,795 and as few as 6,835.
- ↑ Lyndon Johnson's (D) first term began in November 1963 after the death of President John F. Kennedy (D), who was first elected in 1960. Before Johnson had his first midterm in 1966, he was re-elected president in 1964.
- ↑ Gerald Ford's (R) first term began in August 1974 following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (R), who was first elected in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972. Because Ford only served for two full months before facing the electorate, this election is classified as Nixon's second midterm.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 All About Redistricting, "Montana," accessed April 29, 2015
- ↑ Montana State Legislature, "Districting and Apportionment Commission," accessed October 6, 2021
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ 270towin.com, "Montana," accessed June 29, 2017
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
