New Hampshire House of Representatives District Rockingham 1 special election, 2023

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Hal Rafter (D) defeated James Guzofski (R) in the special election for New Hampshire House of Representatives District Rockingham 1 on September 19, 2023. The previous incumbent, Benjamin T. Bartlett IV (R), resigned on April 26, 2023, due to health concerns.

The partisan composition on the day of the election was 198-196. Rafter's victory on the evening of September 19 brought the partisan composition to 198-197.

On August 13, 2023, the partisan composition of the New Hampshire House was 199 Republicans, 196 Democrats, two independents, and three vacancies. David Fracht (D) filled the first vacancy after being elected to Grafton 16 on August 22, bringing the partisan composition to 199-197 with two vacancies. Two additional House vacancies occurred when William Hatch (D) and Troy Merner (R) resigned on September 18 and 19, respectively. Only one of the remaining three vacancies, Hillsborough 3, was scheduled for special election as of this writing on September 19. A Democratic victory in this district would bring the House's partisan composition to an even 198-198, while a Republican victory would result in a 199-197 split (with two independents and two vacancies).

Rafter was a partner for Waterline, an organization that provides river flow information for boaters and anglers. He previously worked for New Hampshire Housing for more than 35 years, and had served on the Nottingham School Board for eight years and the Nottingham Board of Selectmen for three years. Rafter said, "This election is important because the outcome could result in a NH House that is divided equally between Democrats and Republicans. ... If you are concerned about Republican attacks on education, women’s rights, voting rights, and their lack of attention to climate change, this election can make a difference."

Guzofski was a Northwood selectman and a chaplain for the Northwood Fire Department. He had been in the ministry for 34 years. Guzofski said, "I have been elected twice to the office of selectman in Northwood dedicated to keep your taxes low. As selectman I have implemented plans for better communication between town officials and you. ... For years I have served our Nottingham and Northwood community, fighting for your needs in town."

In 2020, former President Donald Trump (R) carried Rockingham 1 49.1% to 48.7%. In 2022, U.S. Sen. Maggie Hassan (D) won the district 50% to 48%, while Democrats lost one of the district's three state House seats by 10 votes. Heading into the election, New Hampshire had been a Republican trifecta since 2020. If Democrats won all three special elections, the state House would have split and New Hampshire's trifecta status would become divided. The state would remain a Republican trifecta if Democrats did not win all three special elections.

As of August 13, 2023, Gov. Chris Sununu (R) and the New Hampshire Executive Council have called five special elections to fill vacancies in the New Hampshire House. New Hampshire held 34 state legislative special elections from 2010 to 2022; nearly three per year on average. The largest number of special elections took place in 2017 when 10 special elections were held.

To learn more about other special elections in New Hampshire this year, click here.

Candidates and election results

General election

Special general election for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

Hal Rafter defeated James Guzofski in the special general election for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on September 19, 2023.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Hal Rafter (D)	55.9	1,571
		James Guzofski (R)	44.1	1,240

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 2,811
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Special Democratic primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

Hal Rafter advanced from the special Democratic primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on August 1, 2023.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Hal Rafter	100.0	245

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2	Total votes: 245
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Special Republican primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

James Guzofski defeated Jessica Sternberg in the special Republican primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on August 1, 2023.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		James Guzofski	55.6	230
	Submit photo	Jessica Sternberg	44.4	184

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2	Total votes: 414
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Voting information

See also: Voting in New Hampshire

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadline?

• In-person: 5:00 p.m. on September 18, 2023
• By mail: Received by 5:00 p.m. on September 19, 2023

Was early voting available to all voters? No

Were all voters required to present ID at the polls? If so, was a photo or non-photo ID required? Yes, New Hampshire requires photo identification to vote.

When were polls open on Election Day? 7:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m.

Candidate comparison

Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.

Hal Rafter

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: 

• Nottingham School Board (1999-2007)
  
• Nottingham Board of Selectmen (2011-2014)

Biography:  Rafter received a master's degree in economics from the University of New Hampshire. As of the election, he was a partner for Waterline, an organization that provides river flow information for boaters and anglers. Rafter previously worked for New Hampshire Housing for more than 35 years.

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Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

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Rafter said, "Public education is critical to the success of our society and democracy. ... Regarding vouchers, I am against using public money to pay for private or religious schools. The existing NH voucher program costs millions more than projected, and is not providing 'choice' to public school students..."

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Rafter said, "Climate change is ... affecting food production, water supplies, property values, and public health. ... Encouraging remote work, funding energy retrofits of existing buildings, and supporting solar and other alternatives can all have an impact. ... A warming climate is bad for our ski business, for agriculture, for the seafood industry, and is behind the rise in the tick population."

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Speaking on reproductive and voting rights, Rafter said, "I trust women to control their bodies and their futures. ... In addition to abortion rights, voting rights are being threatened by proposed restrictions on registration, more ID requirements, gerrymandered districts, and attempts to eliminate voting machines."

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Show sources

Sources: Facebook, "Rafter for State Representative," August 4, 2023; Facebook, "Rafter for State Representative," August 4, 2023, Town of Nottingham New Hampshire, "2007 Town Report," December 31, 2007 (page 137), Town of Nottingham New Hampshire, "1999 Annual Report," December 31, 1999 (page 7), Town of Nottingham New Hampshire, "Annual Report 2011," December 31, 2011 (page 10)

This information was current as of the candidate's run for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 in 2023.

James Guzofski

Party: Republican Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: 

• Northwood Board of Selectmen (Assumed office: 2021)

Biography:  Guzofski received a theology degree from the Baptist Bible College East. At the time of the election, Guzofski was a chaplain for the Northwood Fire Department, had been in the ministry for 34 years, and served as pastor of Destiny Christian Church since 2009.

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Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

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Speaking on the Constitution, Guzofski emphasized, "PROTECTING ALL of our Constitutional Rights and Freedoms. I will stand for Freedom of speech, Freedom of religion, the RIGHT to Bear Arms."

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Guzofski pledged to support emergency responders and veterans. He said, "Being the fire department’s chaplain and responding to calls has truly given me a perspective I never had before. ... They need our support through financial funding and prayer as they deal with life-or-death issues. Our veterans who have already done their service for all of us, need our same type of support."

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Highlighting his work as a Northwood selectman, Guzofski said, "I have fought for and ensured that excess tax revenue has been returned to you, reducing your taxes every year I have served..." He also claimed he would lower the cost of living through budgeting that keeps the taxpayers in mind.

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Show sources

Sources: Elect James Guzofski State Representative, "Continuing Service To Our Community," accessed August 14, 2023, Elect James Guzofski State Representative, "Issues," accessed August 14, 2023; Elect James Guzofski State Representative, "Continuing Service To Our Community," accessed August 14, 2023, Citizens Count, "James Guzofski," accessed August 14, 2023

This information was current as of the candidate's run for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 in 2023.

Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses

Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.

No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign ads

This section includes a selection of up to three campaign advertisements per candidate released in this race, as well as links to candidates' YouTube, Vimeo, and/or Facebook video pages. If you are aware of other links that should be included, please email us.

Hal Rafter

Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for Hal Rafter while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.

James Guzofski

Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for James Guzofski while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.

Election competitiveness

Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

We provide results for polls that are included in polling aggregation from FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, when available. No polls were available for this election. To notify us of polls published in this election, please email us.

Endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

Ballotpedia researchers did not identify any candidate websites that provide endorsement information. If you are aware of a website that should be included, please email us.

Election spending

Campaign finance

Candidates in this election submitted campaign finance reports to the New Hampshire Campaign Finance System. Click here to access those reports.

Satellite spending

See also: Satellite spending

Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.

If available, this section includes links to online resources tracking satellite spending in this election. To notify us of a resource to add, email us.

Election context

Ballot access requirements

See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in New Hampshire

A recognized political party candidate seeking placement on the primary election ballot must file a declaration of candidacy. On this declaration, the candidate must affirm that he or she is both a registered voter and a registered member of the party whose nomination he or she is pursuing.

In addition to filing the declaration of candidacy, the candidate must do one of the following.

1.) Pay an administrative assessment fee. Fees are established by state law and vary according to the office being sought.

Administrative assessment fees
Office	Fee
Governor, United States Senator	$100
United States Representative	$50
Executive Councilor	$25
State Senator	$10
State Representative	$2

2.) File primary petitions. The number of required petition papers (each of which contains one signature) is established by state law and varies according to the office being sought.

Primary petitions
Office	Number of petitions
Governor, United States Senator	200
United States Representative	100
Executive Councilor	50
State Senator	20
State Representative	5

A written "assent to candidacy" must accompany the submitted primary petitions.

A candidate for state-level office must also file a financial disclosure form.

Filing paperwork for most offices is submitted to the New Hampshire Secretary of State. Filing paperwork for state House candidates is submitted to the town or city clerk of the municipality where the candidate resides.

District map

Below is the district map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1
until December 6, 2022

Click a district to compare boundaries.

New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1
starting December 7, 2022

Click a district to compare boundaries.

District history

2022

See also: New Hampshire House of Representatives elections, 2022

General election

General election for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 (3 seats)

The following candidates ran in the general election for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	Paul Tudor (R)	17.3	2,424
✔	Submit photo	Benjamin T. Bartlett IV (R)	17.0	2,373
✔	Submit photo	Jacob Brouillard (R)	16.7	2,336
		Keith McGuigan (D)	16.6	2,326
		Hal Rafter (D)	16.5	2,311
	Submit photo	William Tappan (D)	15.9	2,223

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 13,993
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 (3 seats)

Hal Rafter, Keith McGuigan, and William Tappan advanced from the Democratic primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on September 13, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Hal Rafter	34.8	459
✔		Keith McGuigan	33.8	446
✔	Submit photo	William Tappan	31.0	409
		Other/Write-in votes	0.3	4

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,318
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 (3 seats)

Incumbent Paul Tudor, Benjamin T. Bartlett IV, and Jacob Brouillard advanced from the Republican primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on September 13, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	Paul Tudor	35.7	811
✔	Submit photo	Benjamin T. Bartlett IV	32.7	741
✔	Submit photo	Jacob Brouillard	31.1	705
		Other/Write-in votes	0.5	12

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 2,269
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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2020

See also: New Hampshire House of Representatives elections, 2020

General election

General election for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

Paul Tudor defeated Tom Chase in the general election for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on November 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	Paul Tudor (R)	55.7	1,539
	Submit photo	Tom Chase (D)	44.2	1,221
		Other/Write-in votes	0.1	3

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 2,763
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

Tom Chase advanced from the Democratic primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on September 8, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	Tom Chase	99.5	397
		Other/Write-in votes	0.5	2

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 399
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

Paul Tudor defeated Brian Stone in the Republican primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on September 8, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	Paul Tudor	57.2	275
		Brian Stone	42.2	203
		Other/Write-in votes	0.6	3

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 481
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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General election

General election for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

David Coursin defeated Joseph McCaffrey in the general election for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	David Coursin (D)	50.4	1,005
	Submit photo	Joseph McCaffrey (R)	49.5	988
		Other/Write-in votes	0.1	1

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,994
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

David Coursin advanced from the Democratic primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on September 11, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	David Coursin	100.0	324

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 324
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1

Joseph McCaffrey defeated incumbent Brian Stone in the Republican primary for New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 on September 11, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Submit photo	Joseph McCaffrey	61.8	228
		Brian Stone	38.2	141

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 369
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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2016

See also: New Hampshire House of Representatives elections, 2016

Elections for the New Hampshire House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election took place on September 13, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was June 10, 2016. Incumbent Bruce Hodgdon (R) did not seek re-election.

Brian J. Stone defeated Mike Smith in the New Hampshire House of Representatives District Rockingham 1 general election.

New Hampshire House of Representatives, District Rockingham 1 General Election, 2016
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Brian J. Stone	52.10%	1,277
	Democratic	Mike Smith	47.90%	1,174
Total Votes				2,451
Source: New Hampshire Secretary of State

Mike Smith ran unopposed in the New Hampshire House of Representatives District Rockingham 1 Democratic primary.

New Hampshire House of Representatives, District Rockingham 1 Democratic Primary, 2016
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Mike Smith  (unopposed)

Brian J. Stone ran unopposed in the New Hampshire House of Representatives District Rockingham 1 Republican primary.

New Hampshire House of Representatives, District Rockingham 1 Republican Primary, 2016
Party		Candidate
	Republican	Brian J. Stone  (unopposed)

2014

See also: New Hampshire House of Representatives elections, 2014

Elections for the New Hampshire House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on September 9, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was June 13, 2014. Tom Chase was unopposed in the Democratic primary, while incumbent Bruce Hodgdon defeated Brian J. Stone in the Republican primary. Chase and Hodgdon faced off in the general election. Incumbent Hodgdon defeated Chase in the general election, and was re-elected for another term.

New Hampshire House of Representatives Rockingham 1 District, General Election, 2014

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Bruce Hodgdon Incumbent	57.9%	965
	Democratic	Tom Chase	42.1%	701
Total Votes				1,666

New Hampshire House of Representatives, Rockingham 1 District Republican Primary, 2014

Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Bruce Hodgdon Incumbent	78.1%	324
Brian Stone	21.9%	91
Total Votes		415

2012

See also: New Hampshire House of Representatives elections, 2012

Elections for the office of New Hampshire House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on September 11, 2012, and a general election on November 6, 2012. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was June 15, 2012. Bruce Hodgdon (R) defeated Lucy Edwards (D) in the general election. Both candidates were unopposed in the September 11 primary elections.

New Hampshire House of Representatives, Rockingham 1, General Election, 2012

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Bruce Hodgdon	53.2%	1,231
	Democratic	Lucy Edwards	46.8%	1,085
Total Votes				2,316

Special elections throughout the country

See also: State legislative special elections, 2023

In 2023, 53 state legislative special elections were scheduled in 21 states. Between 2011 and 2022, an average of 73 special elections took place each year.

Breakdown of 2023 special elections

In 2023, special elections for state legislative positions were held for the following reasons:

• 10 due to appointment, election, or the seeking of election to another position
• 32 due to resignation
• 9 due to the death of the incumbent
• 2 due to removal from office

Impact of special elections on partisan composition

The partisan breakdown for the special elections was as follows:

• 33 Democratic seats
• 20 Republican seats

The table below details how many seats changed parties as the result of a special election in 2023. The number on the left reflects how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the number on the right shows how many vacant seats each party won in the special elections.

Note: This table reflects information for elections that were held and not the total number of vacant seats.

Partisan Change from Special Elections (2023)
Party		As of Special Election	After Special Election
	Democratic Party	33	33
	Republican Party	20	20
	Independent	0	0
Total		53	53

Flipped seats

In 2023, four seats flipped as a result of state legislative special elections.

Seats flipped from D to R

• Maine House of Representatives District 45 (June 13)
• Massachusetts State Senate Worcester & Hampshire District (November 8)

Seats flipped from R to D

• Virginia State Senate District 7 (January 10)
• New Hampshire House of Representatives District Rockingham 1 (September 19)

2023 battleground elections

See also: Battlegrounds

This election was a battleground race. Other 2023 battleground elections included:

• Douglas County School District, Colorado, elections (2023)
• Loudoun County Public Schools, Virginia, elections (2023)
• Louisiana Secretary of State election, 2023 (October 14 primary)

See also

• State legislative special elections, 2023
• State legislative special elections, 2022
• State legislative special elections, 2021
• State legislative special elections, 2020
• New Hampshire General Court

External links

• Search Google News for this topic

Footnotes

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