New York's 18th Congressional District election, 2024
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New York's 18th Congressional District |
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Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
Election details |
Filing deadline: April 4, 2024 |
Primary: June 25, 2024 General: November 5, 2024 |
How to vote |
Poll times: 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. Voting in New York |
Race ratings |
DDHQ and The Hill: Likely Democratic Inside Elections: Likely Democratic Sabato's Crystal Ball: Likely Democratic |
Ballotpedia analysis |
U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024 |
See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th • 10th • 11th • 12th • 13th • 14th • 15th • 16th • 17th • 18th • 19th • 20th • 21st • 22nd • 23rd • 24th • 25th • 26th New York elections, 2024 U.S. Congress elections, 2024 U.S. Senate elections, 2024 U.S. House elections, 2024 |
Incumbent Pat Ryan (D/Working Families Party) defeated Alison Esposito (R/Conservative Party) in the general election for New York's 18th Congressional District on Nov. 5, 2024. Click here for detailed results.
The race received attention from the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC). The DCCC named Ryan one of its frontline candidates. According to the DCCC's website, the Frontline program "provides Democratic Members of Congress from competitive seats the resources to execute effective reelection campaigns."[1] The NRCC included the district as a target district, a Democratically-held district the committee hoped to win. The NRCC also named Esposito one of its young gun candidates, Republican candidates running for office in open or Democratic-held House districts.
In February 2024, New York Gov. Kathy Hochul (D) signed a new congressional map into law. According to Politico's Bill Mahoney, under the new congressional map, the 18th Congressional District trended more Democratic because it lost "the blue-friendly towns of Marbletown and Rosendale and gained the blue-trending Saugerties and the deep-blue Woodstock."[2]
Before the election, LoHud's Chris McKenna wrote, "Republicans have one hopeful sign: though President Joe Biden won the district by nine points in 2020, voters swung to Republican Lee Zeldin over Gov. Kathy Hochul by two points in the 2022 governor's race."[3]
Ryan was elected to represent New York's 19th Congressional District in an August 2022 special election. Due to redistricting, he was re-elected to represent the 18th Congressional District in the November 2022 general election. From 2019 to 2022, Ryan was the Ulster County executive.[4] Ryan also served as an intelligence officer in the U.S. Army from 2004 to 2009.[4] His professional experience included working as a business owner and an executive.[4]
According to Ryan's campaign website, his priorities included addressing inflation, protecting abortion access, public safety, and the environment.[5] His website also said that, as a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, Ryan ran for re-election to bring the ethos of the academy's motto, "Duty, Honor, Country," to Congress.[6]
Esposito served in the New York City Police Department for 25 years.[7] In 2022, she retired from the department as deputy inspector and commanding officer of the 70th Police Precinct.[7] In 2022, she ran for lieutenant governor of New York on a ticket with gubernatorial candidate Zeldin. In the general election, Hochul defeated Zeldin 53.1% to 46.7%.
Esposito said her priorities included border security, improving education, and making the U.S. energy independent.[8] Esposito said her experience in law enforcement inspired her to run for office. She said, "I loved being a commander in the police department, but one day, I looked at the seat that I was sitting in and the hat that I was wearing, and I realized I was sitting in the wrong seat and wearing the wrong hat to be able to affect the type of change that New Yorkers so desperately needed. I had to walk away from the police department and throw my hat into this arena."[9]
Based on third-quarter reports filed with the Federal Election Commission, Ryan raised $7.5 million and spent $6.7 million, and Esposito raised $2.2 million and spent $1.6 million. To review all the campaign finance figures in full detail, click here.
Before the election, four major election forecasters differed in their ratings for the general election, with one rating it Lean Democratic and three rating it Likely Democratic.
The primary was June 25, 2024. The filing deadline was April 4, 2024.
The outcome of this race affected the partisan balance of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 119th Congress. All 435 House districts were up for election.
At the time of the election, Republicans held a 220-212 majority with three vacancies.[10] As a result of the election, Republicans retained control of the U.S. House, winning 220 seats to Democrats' 215.[11] To read more about the 2024 U.S. House elections, click here.
In the 2022 election in this district, the Democratic candidate won 50.6%-49.3%. Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have defeated Donald Trump (R) 53.8%-44.7%.[12]
New York conducted redistricting between the 2022 and 2024 elections. As a result, district lines in this state changed. To review how redistricting took place in New York and to see maps of the new districts, click here. For a list of all states that drew new district lines between 2022 and 2024, click here.
New York's 18th Congressional District was one of 37 congressional districts with a Democratic incumbent or an open seat that the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) targeted in 2024. To read about NRCC targeting initiatives, click here. For a complete list of NRCC targeted districts, click here.
For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:
- New York's 18th Congressional District election, 2024 (June 25 Democratic primary)
- New York's 18th Congressional District election, 2024 (June 25 Republican primary)
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for U.S. House New York District 18
Incumbent Pat Ryan defeated Alison Esposito in the general election for U.S. House New York District 18 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Pat Ryan (D / Working Families Party) | 57.1 | 207,106 | |
Alison Esposito (R / Conservative Party) | 42.8 | 155,129 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 0.1 | 274 |
Total votes: 362,509 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
The Democratic primary election was canceled. Incumbent Pat Ryan advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
Republican primary election
The Republican primary election was canceled. Alison Esposito advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Lovelynn Gwinn (R)
Conservative Party primary election
The Conservative Party primary election was canceled. Alison Esposito advanced from the Conservative Party primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Working Families Party primary election
The Working Families Party primary election was canceled. Incumbent Pat Ryan advanced from the Working Families Party primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Voting information
- See also: Voting in New York
Candidate comparison
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Democratic Party, Working Families Party
Incumbent: Yes
Political Office:
- U.S. House of Representatives, New York District 18 (Assumed office: 2023)
- U.S. House of Representatives, New York District 19 (2022-2023)
- Ulster County Executive (2019-2022)
Biography: Ryan received a bachelor's degree from the United States Military Academy at West Point and a master's degree from Georgetown University. From 2004 to 2009, Ryan served in the U.S. Army as an intelligence officer. His professional experience included working as a business owner and an executive.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House New York District 18 in 2024.
Party: Republican Party, Conservative Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Biography: Esposito received a bachelor's degree from the City University of New York and attended the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy at Quantico, Virginia. For nearly 25 years, Esposito served in the New York City Police Department and retired as deputy inspector and commanding officer of the 70th Police Precinct.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House New York District 18 in 2024.
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.
Campaign advertisements
This section includes a selection of up to three campaign advertisements per candidate released in this race, as well as links to candidates' YouTube, Vimeo, and/or Facebook video pages. If you are aware of other links that should be included, please email us.
Pat Ryan
October 24, 2024 |
October 22, 2024 |
October 8, 2024 |
View more ads here:
Alison Esposito
October 22, 2024 |
September 27, 2024 |
October 26, 2023 |
View more ads here:
Election competitiveness
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
Polls are conducted with a variety of methodologies and have margins of error or credibility intervals.[13] The Pew Research Center wrote, "A margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level means that if we fielded the same survey 100 times, we would expect the result to be within 3 percentage points of the true population value 95 of those times."[14] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. For tips from Pew, click here.
The links below show polls for this race aggregated by FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, where available. Click here to read about FiveThirtyEight's criteria for including polls in its aggregation.
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[15]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[16][17][18]
Race ratings: New York's 18th Congressional District election, 2024 | |||||||||
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Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
November 5, 2024 | October 29, 2024 | October 22, 2024 | October 15, 2024 | ||||||
The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | |||||
Decision Desk HQ and The Hill | Likely Democratic | Likely Democratic | Likely Democratic | Likely Democratic | |||||
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Likely Democratic | Likely Democratic | Likely Democratic | Likely Democratic | |||||
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Likely Democratic | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | |||||
Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. |
Endorsements
Ballotpedia researchers did not identify any candidate websites that provide endorsement information. If you are aware of a website that should be included, please email us.
Election spending
Campaign finance
Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pat Ryan | Working Families Party, Democratic Party | $8,143,126 | $8,011,645 | $167,191 | As of December 31, 2024 |
Alison Esposito | Republican Party, Conservative Party | $2,435,666 | $2,421,807 | $13,859 | As of December 31, 2024 |
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2024. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
Satellite spending
- See also: Satellite spending
Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[19][20]
If available, satellite spending reports by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and OpenSecrets.org are linked below. FEC links include totals from monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual reports. OpenSecrets.org compiles data from those reports as well as 24- and 48-hour reports from the FEC.[21]
Details about satellite spending of significant amounts and/or reported by media are included below those links. The amounts listed may not represent the total satellite spending in the election. To notify us of additional satellite spending, email us.
By candidate | By election |
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District analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.
- District map - A map of the district before and after redistricting ahead of the 2024 election.
- Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2024 U.S. House elections in the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
- State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
Below is the district map used in the 2022 election next to the map in place for the 2024 election. Click on a map below to enlarge it.
2022

2024

This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in New York.
New York U.S. House competitiveness, 2014-2024 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Office | Districts/ offices |
Seats | Open seats | Candidates | Possible primaries | Contested Democratic primaries | Contested Republican primaries | % of contested primaries | Incumbents in contested primaries | % of incumbents in contested primaries | ||||
2024 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 59 | 52 | 5 | 1 | 11.5% | 4 | 15.4% | ||||
2022 | 26 | 26 | 7 | 107 | 52 | 16 | 8 | 46.2% | 13 | 68.4% | ||||
2020 | 27 | 27 | 4 | 108 | 54 | 16 | 7 | 42.6% | 11 | 47.8% | ||||
2018 | 27 | 27 | 1 | 85 | 54 | 13 | 1 | 25.9% | 6 | 23.1% | ||||
2016 | 27 | 27 | 4 | 77 | 54 | 10 | 3 | 24.1% | 5 | 21.7% | ||||
2014 | 27 | 27 | 2 | 55 | 54 | 5 | 5 | 18.5% | 5 | 20.0% |
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in New York in 2024. Information below was calculated on June 16, 2024, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
Fifty-nine candidates ran for New York’s 26 U.S. House districts, including 32 Democrats and 27 Republicans. That’s an average of 2.27 candidates per district. There were 4.12 candidates per district in 2022, 4.00 candidates per district in 2020, and 3.15 candidates per district in 2018.
The 59 candidates who ran in New York in 2024 was the fewest number of candidates since 2014, when 55 candidates ran.
No districts were open in 2024, meaning all incumbents ran for re-election. This was the fewest number of open districts in the last 10 years.
Four candidates—three Democrats and one Republican—ran for the 10th Congressional District, the most candidates who ran for a district in New York in 2024.
Six primaries—five Democratic and one Republican—were contested in 2024. Between 2014 and 2022, an average of 16.8 primaries were contested each election year.
Four incumbents—three Democrats and one Republican—were in contested primaries in 2024. Between 2014 and 2022, an average of 8.00 incumbents ran in contested primaries each election year.
Candidates filed to run in the Republican and Democratic primaries in all 26 districts, meaning no seats were guaranteed to either party.Partisan Voter Index
Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+2. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 2 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made New York's 18th the 196th most Democratic district nationally.[22]
2020 presidential election results
The table below shows what the vote in the 2020 presidential election would have been in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.
2020 presidential results in New York's 18th based on 2024 district lines | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Joe Biden ![]() |
Donald Trump ![]() | |||
53.8% | 44.7% |
Inside Elections Baselines
- See also: Inside Elections
Inside Elections' Baseline is a figure that analyzes all federal and statewide election results from the district over the past four election cycles. The results are combined in an index estimating the strength of a typical Democratic or Republican candidate in the congressional district.[23] The table below displays the Baseline data for this district.
Inside Elections Baseline for 2024 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Baseline ![]() |
Republican Baseline ![]() |
Difference | ||
52.5 | 45.8 | D+6.6 |
Presidential voting history
- See also: Presidential election in New York, 2020
New York presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 18 Democratic wins
- 13 Republican wins
Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winning Party | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of New York's congressional delegation as of May 2024.
Congressional Partisan Breakdown from New York | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
Democratic | 2 | 19 | 21 |
Republican | 0 | 7 | 7 |
Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 26 | 28 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in New York's top four state executive offices as of May 2024.
State executive officials in New York, May 2024 | |
---|---|
Office | Officeholder |
Governor | ![]() |
Lieutenant Governor | ![]() |
Secretary of State | ![]() |
Attorney General | ![]() |
State legislature
New York State Senate
Party | As of February 2024 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 42 | |
Republican Party | 21 | |
Other | 0 | |
Vacancies | 0 | |
Total | 63 |
New York House of Representatives
Party | As of February 2024 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 102 | |
Republican Party | 48 | |
Independence | 0 | |
Other | 0 | |
Vacancies | 0 | |
Total | 150 |
Trifecta control
The table below shows the state's trifecta status from 1992 until the 2024 election.
New York Party Control: 1992-2024
Eight years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Assembly | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Election context
Ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in New York in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in New York, click here.
Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2024 | ||||||
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State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
New York | U.S. House | Ballot-qualified party | 5% of voters from the candidate's same party or 1,250, whichever is less | N/A | 4/4/2024 | Source |
New York | U.S. House | Unaffiliated | 1% of votes cast for governor in the last election or 3,500, whichever is less | N/A | 5/28/2024 | Source |
District history
The section below details election results for this office in elections dating back to 2018.
2022
General election
General election for U.S. House New York District 18
Incumbent Pat Ryan defeated Colin Schmitt in the general election for U.S. House New York District 18 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Pat Ryan (D / Working Families Party) | 50.6 | 135,245 | |
![]() | Colin Schmitt (R / Conservative Party) ![]() | 49.3 | 131,653 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 0.1 | 155 |
Total votes: 267,053 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 18
Incumbent Pat Ryan defeated Aisha Mills and Moses Mugulusi in the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 18 on August 23, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Pat Ryan | 83.8 | 30,093 | |
![]() | Aisha Mills ![]() | 13.2 | 4,730 | |
![]() | Moses Mugulusi | 2.8 | 993 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 0.3 | 108 |
Total votes: 35,924 | ||||
![]() | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Michael Berean (D)
Republican primary election
The Republican primary election was canceled. Colin Schmitt advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Conservative Party primary election
The Conservative Party primary election was canceled. Colin Schmitt advanced from the Conservative Party primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Working Families Party primary election
The Working Families Party primary election was canceled. Incumbent Pat Ryan advanced from the Working Families Party primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
2020
General election
General election for U.S. House New York District 18
Incumbent Sean Maloney defeated Chele Farley and Scott Smith in the general election for U.S. House New York District 18 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Sean Maloney (D / Working Families Party / Independence Party) | 55.8 | 187,444 |
![]() | Chele Farley (R / Conservative Party) | 43.2 | 145,145 | |
![]() | Scott Smith (Serve America Movement Party / L) | 0.9 | 3,164 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 0.0 | 118 |
Total votes: 335,871 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
The Democratic primary election was canceled. Incumbent Sean Maloney advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Republican primary election
The Republican primary election was canceled. Chele Farley advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Conservative Party primary election
The Conservative Party primary election was canceled. Chele Farley advanced from the Conservative Party primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Independence Party primary election
The Independence Party primary election was canceled. Incumbent Sean Maloney advanced from the Independence Party primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Libertarian primary election
The Libertarian primary election was canceled. Scott Smith advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Chele Farley (L)
Serve America Movement Party primary election
The Serve America Movement Party primary election was canceled. Scott Smith advanced from the Serve America Movement Party primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
Working Families Party primary election
The Working Families Party primary election was canceled. Incumbent Sean Maloney advanced from the Working Families Party primary for U.S. House New York District 18.
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House New York District 18
Incumbent Sean Maloney defeated James O'Donnell in the general election for U.S. House New York District 18 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Sean Maloney (D) | 55.5 | 139,564 |
![]() | James O'Donnell (R) | 44.5 | 112,035 |
Total votes: 251,599 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Alex Fernandez (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 18
Incumbent Sean Maloney advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 18 on June 26, 2018.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | Sean Maloney |
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 18
James O'Donnell advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 18 on June 26, 2018.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | James O'Donnell |
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
2024 battleground elections
- See also: Battlegrounds
This was a battleground election. Other 2024 battleground elections included:
- Mayoral election in Portland, Oregon (2024)
- Sheriff election in Miami-Dade County, Florida (2024)
- Texas' 23rd Congressional District election, 2024 (May 28 Republican primary runoff)
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, "DCCC Announces Members of 2024 Frontline Program," March 10, 2023
- ↑ Politico, "5 changes in the new Democratic proposal for New York’s congressional maps," February 27, 2024
- ↑ LoHud, "How much has Pat Ryan, a top fundraiser among Dems in hot races, raised for House bid?" July 12, 2024
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 LinkedIn, "Pat Ryan," accessed August 12, 2024
- ↑ Pat Ryan campaign website, "Priorities," accessed August 12, 2024
- ↑ Pat Ryan campaign website, "Home," accessed August 12, 2024
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Alison Esposito campaign website, "Meet Alison," accessed August 12, 2024
- ↑ Spectrum News NY1, "Former lieutenant governor candidate Alison Esposito looks to take on Rep. Pat Ryan in Hudson Valley congressional contest," November 8, 2023
- ↑ Alison Esposito campaign YouTube, "Alison Esposito for Congress," October 26, 2023
- ↑ A majority in the U.S. House when there are no vacancies is 218 seats.
- ↑ These figures include the seat of Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.), who resigned on Nov. 13, 2024, after winning re-election.
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
- ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ Amee LaTour, Email correspondence with the Center for Responsive Politics, August 5, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed January 10, 2024
- ↑ Inside Elections, "Methodology: Inside Elections’ Baseline by Congressional District," December 8, 2023