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Congressional Analysis Archive
Margins of victory
Congressional margin of victory analyses Congressional elections decided by 10 percentage points or fewer Minor-party candidates who won more than the margin of victory
Incumbents
U.S. Congress incumbents who did not run for re-election Incumbents defeated in congressional elections Incumbent win rates by state Results of federal elected officials seeking other offices
Battlegrounds
U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds
Other analysis
New members elected in congressional elections U.S. House elections without a Democratic or Republican candidate States with both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections • Comparison of state delegations to Congress
2024 Election Analysis Hub

This page covers newly elected members of Congress since 2016. A new member is defined here as a member-elect of either the U.S. Senate or the U.S. House of Representatives serving in that chamber for the first time. On this page, you will find overview figures as well as summaries of and links to each individual analysis.

Click a year below to read analysis from that year:

• 2024
• 2022
• 2020
• 2018
• 2016

Overview

Historical comparison of number of new members of U.S. Congress

The following chart compares the number of new U.S. senators and U.S. representatives elected in 2024 with those elected in 2018, 2020, and 2022.

The following table compares the number of new U.S. representatives and senators elected in the 111th through 119th Congresses, using data provided by the Congressional Research Service for years prior to 2016.

Historical comparison of number of new members of U.S. Congress, 2010-2024
Election year	Congress	New U.S. representatives	New U.S. senators	Total new members
2024	119th	62	12	74
2022	118th	77	7	84
2020	117th	62	9	71
2018	116th	93	9	102
2016	115th	55	7	62
2014	114th	59	13	72
2012	113th	75	14	89
2010	112th	91	15	106

2024

See also: Election results, 2024: New members elected to Congress

Last updated: Nov. 13, 2024

Seventy-four new members won election to the 119th United States Congress, including 12 new U.S. senators and 62 new U.S. representatives. All 435 U.S. House seats and 34 of the U.S. Senate’s 100 seats were up for election on Nov. 5, 2024.

U.S. Senate

New U.S. senators

Nine new members—including six Democrats and three Republicans—joined the U.S. Senate to replace five Democrats, two Republicans, and two Independents who announced they would not seek re-election in 2024. Additionally, three Republicans will replace three Democrats as a result of general election defeats. The Republican Party gained four seats in the U.S. House for these reasons.

U.S. House

New U.S. representatives replacing retiring incumbents

Twenty-nine new members—including 13 Democrats and 16 Republicans—joined the U.S. House to replace 14 Democrats and 15 Republicans who either announced they would not seek re-election in 2024, withdrew from their races, or passed away while in office. The Republican Party gained one seat in the U.S. House for these reasons.

New U.S. representatives replacing incumbents seeking other offices

Eighteen new members—including 10 Democrats and eight Republicans—joined the U.S. House to replace 12 Democrats and six Republicans who ran for other offices instead of seeking re-election in 2024. The Republican Party gained two seats in the U.S. House due to incumbents seeking other offices.

New U.S. representatives elected due to redistricting

Two new members—one Democrat and one Republican—joined the U.S. House due to redistricting. They replaced two Republicans who sought re-election in different congressional districts in 2024 than they represented in 2022. The Democratic Party gained one seat in the U.S. House due to redistricting.

New U.S. representatives elected due to redistricting, 2022
Original district	New representative	Incumbent (New district)
Alabama's 2nd Congressional District	Shomari Figures	Barry Moore (AL-01)
Colorado's 3rd Congressional District	Jeff Hurd	Lauren Boebert (CO-04)

New U.S. representatives who defeated incumbents

Thirteen new members—including eight Democrats and five Republicans—joined the U.S. House to replace six Democrats and seven Republicans who lost their races for re-election in 2024. The Democratic Party gained two seats in the U.S. House by defeating incumbents.

2022

See also: Election results, 2022: New members elected to Congress

Eighty-four new members won election to the 118th Congress, including seven new U.S. senators and 77 new U.S. representatives. A new member is defined here as a member-elect of either the U.S. Senate or the U.S. House of Representatives serving in that chamber for the first time. All 435 U.S. House seats and 35 of the U.S. Senate’s 100 seats were up for election on November 8, 2022.

U.S. Senate

New U.S. senators

Seven new members—including two Democrats and five Republicans—joined the U.S. Senate to replace one Democrat and six Republicans who announced they would not seek re-election in 2022. The Democratic Party gained one seat in the U.S. Senate due to retirements.

U.S. House

New U.S. representatives replacing retiring incumbents

Twenty-three new members—including 11 Democrats and 12 Republicans—joined the U.S. House to replace 16 Democrats and seven Republicans who either announced they would not seek re-election in 2022, withdrew from their races, or passed away while in office. The Republican Party gained five seats in the U.S. House for these reasons.

New U.S. representatives replacing incumbents seeking other offices

Eighteen new members—including eight Democrats and ten Republicans—joined the U.S. House to replace ten Democrats and eight Republicans who ran for other offices instead of seeking re-election in 2022. The Republican Party gained two seats in the U.S. House due to incumbents seeking other offices.

New U.S. representatives elected due to redistricting

Twenty new members—including ten Democrats and ten Republicans—joined the U.S. House due to redistricting. They replaced eight Democrats and seven Republicans who sought re-election in different congressional districts in 2022 than they represented in 2020. They also represent five of the seven new congressional districts created by the reapportionment process after the 2020 U.S. Census. The Republican Party gained four seats due to redistricting, and the Democratic Party gained two.

New U.S. representatives who defeated incumbents

Sixteen new members—including six Democrats and ten Republicans—joined the U.S. House to replace six Democrats and ten Republicans who lost their races for re-election in 2022. Neither party gained seats in the U.S. House by defeating incumbents.

2020

See also: Election results, 2020: New members elected to Congress

Seventy-one new members won election to the 117th Congress on November 3, 2020, or in subsequent runoff elections: nine to the Senate and 62 to the House.

All 435 U.S. House seats and 35 of the 100 U.S. Senate seats were up for election. Five senators — one Democrat and four Republicans — were defeated by candidates of the opposing party. Thirteen members of the U.S. House, all Democrats, were defeated by Republican challengers. In 53 of the 470 seats up for election — four in the Senate and 49 in the House — a non-incumbent was guaranteed to be elected. Republicans held 38 of those seats, Democrats held 14, and a Libertarian held one.

In the Senate, the four open seats were held by three retiring Republicans and one retiring Democrat.

In the House, the 49 open seats were held by 35 Republicans, 13 Democrats, and one Libertarian. Thirty-six seats were open because the incumbent did not seek re-election. This included 26 Republicans, nine Democrats, and one Libertarian. Eight seats — held by five Republicans and three Democrats — were open because the incumbent was defeated in a primary or convention. Five seats were vacant, including the one Democratic seat left open by Rep. John Lewis’ (D-Ga.) death and four Republican seats left open by resignations and appointments.

Five of those open House seats switched party control. Democratic candidates won three Republican-held open seats, and Republicans won one Democratic-held and one Libertarian-held open seat.

U.S. Senate

Incumbents defeated in general election

Five U.S. senators, one Democrat and four Republicans, were defeated in the general election by candidates of the opposing party.

U.S. senators defeated in the general election, 2020
State	Incumbent	New senator
Alabama	Doug Jones	Tommy Tuberville
Arizona (special)	Martha McSally	Mark Kelly
Colorado	Cory Gardner	John Hickenlooper
Georgia	David Perdue	Jon Ossoff
Georgia (special)	Kelly Loeffler	Raphael Warnock

U.S. House

Open seats

Incumbents who sought other offices

U.S. House members who ran for president, 2020
District	Incumbent	New representative
Hawaii's 2nd	Tulsi Gabbard	Kaiali'i Kahele

U.S. House members who ran for governor, 2020
District	Incumbent	New representative
Montana At-Large	Greg Gianforte	Matt Rosendale

U.S. House members who ran for another office, 2020
District	Incumbent	New representative
California's 8th	Paul Cook	Jay Obernolte
Utah's 1st	Rob Bishop	Blake Moore
Washington's 10th	Denny Heck	Marilyn Strickland

Incumbents defeated in primaries

Eight members of the U.S. House, including three Democrats and five Republicans, were defeated in primary elections in 2020.

Incumbents defeated in general election

Thirteen members of the U.S. House, all Democrats, were defeated in the general election by Republican candidates.

2018

See also: New members elected in 2018 congressional elections

In the 2018 U.S. Senate and U.S. House elections, nine new members were elected to the U.S. Senate and 93 new members were elected to the U.S. House. These new members of Congress defeated incumbents or competed for open seats as a result of appointments to state and executive offices, resignations, and retirements.

HIGHLIGHTS

Five incumbents senators—four Democrats and one Republican—were defeated in general elections. Senators who defeated incumbents were Mike Braun (R-Ind.), Kevin Cramer (R-N.D.), Josh Hawley (R-Mo.), Jacky Rosen (D-Nev.), and Rick Scott (R-Fla.).

Three senators, all Republican, did not seek re-election in 2018. They were replaced by two Republicans and a Democrat. Sen. Thad Cochran (R-Miss.) also retired early, leaving his seat vacant. Cindy Hyde-Smith (R) was elected to complete his term.

Fifty-two members of the U.S. House did not seek re-election in 2018. The 34 outgoing Republicans were replaced by 24 Republicans and 10 Democrats. The 18 outgoing Democrats were replaced by 15 Democrats and three Republicans.

Four members of the U.S. House—two Democrats and two Republicans—were defeated in primary elections in 2018. They were replaced by three Democrats and one Republican.

Thirty members of the U.S. House, all Republicans, were defeated in the general election by Democrats.

2016

See also: Newly elected members to the 115th Congress

Senate

Seven senators were newly elected in 2016. Five were Democrats, and the remaining two were Republicans.

Name	Party	State
Catherine Cortez Masto	Democratic	Nevada
Chris Van Hollen	Democratic	Maryland
John Neely Kennedy	Republican	Louisiana
Kamala D. Harris	Democratic	California
Maggie Hassan	Democratic	New Hampshire
Tammy Duckworth	Democratic	Illinois
Todd C. Young	Republican	Indiana

House

Fifty-five new representatives were elected on November 8, 2016, meaning that freshman representatives made up 12.6% of the House in the 115th Congress. The new members were evenly divided; 27 were Democrats and 28 were Republicans. There was also one new resident commissioner elected from Puerto Rico.

Name	Party	District
Adriano Espaillat	Democratic	New York, District 13
Alfred Lawson	Democratic	Florida, District 5
Andy Biggs	Republican	Arizona, District 5
Anthony G. Brown	Democratic	Maryland, District 4
Brad Schneider*	Democratic	Illinois, District 10
Brian Fitzpatrick	Republican	Pennsylvania, District 8
Brian Mast	Republican	Florida, District 18
Carol Shea-Porter*	Democratic	New Hampshire, District 1
Charlie Crist	Democratic	Florida, District 13
Claudia Tenney	Republican	New York, District 22
Clay Higgins	Republican	Louisiana, District 3
Colleen Hanabusa*	Democratic	Hawaii, District 1
Darren Soto	Democratic	Florida, District 9
David Kustoff	Republican	Tennessee, District 8
Don Bacon	Republican	Nebraska, District 2
Donald McEachin	Democratic	Virginia, District 4
Drew Ferguson	Republican	Georgia, District 3
Dwight Evans	Democratic	Pennsylvania, District 2
Francis Rooney	Republican	Florida, District 19
Jack Bergman	Republican	Michigan, District 1
Jacky Rosen	Democratic	Nevada, District 3
James Comer Jr.	Republican	Kentucky, District 1
Jamie Raskin	Democratic	Maryland, District 8
Jason Lewis	Republican	Minnesota, District 2
Jennifer Gonzalez Colon	New Progressive Party	Puerto Rico, At-Large District
Jim Banks	Republican	Indiana, District 3
Jimmy Panetta	Democratic	California, District 20
Jodey Arrington	Republican	Texas, District 19
John Faso	Republican	New York, District 19
John Rutherford	Republican	Florida, District 4
Josh Gottheimer	Democratic	New Jersey, District 5
Lisa Blunt Rochester	Democratic	Delaware, At-Large District
Liz Cheney	Republican	Wyoming, At-Large District
Lloyd Smucker	Republican	Pennsylvania, District 16
Lou Correa	Democratic	California, District 46
Matt Gaetz	Republican	Florida, District 1
Mike Gallagher	Republican	Wisconsin, District 8
Mike Johnson	Republican	Louisiana, District 4
Nanette Barragan	Democratic	California, District 44
Neal Dunn	Republican	Florida, District 2
Paul Mitchell	Republican	Michigan, District 10
Pramila Jayapal	Democratic	Washington, District 7
Raja Krishnamoorthi	Democratic	Illinois, District 8
Ro Khanna	Democratic	California, District 17
Roger Marshall	Republican	Kansas, District 1
Ruben J. Kihuen	Democratic	Nevada, District 4
Salud Carbajal	Democratic	California, District 24
Scott Taylor	Republican	Virginia, District 2
Stephanie Murphy	Democratic	Florida, District 7
Ted Budd	Republican	North Carolina, District 13
Thomas Garrett	Republican	Virginia, District 5
Tom O'Halleran	Democratic	Arizona, District 1
Tom Suozzi	Democratic	New York, District 3
Trey Hollingsworth	Republican	Indiana, District 9
Val Demings	Democratic	Florida, District 10
Vicente González	Democratic	Texas, District 15

Note: An asterisk (*) denotes members who served a previous, non-consecutive term or terms in the House.

See also

• Congressional Analysis Archive
• Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024

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