Nina Turner (Ohio)
Nina Turner (Democratic Party) was a member of the Ohio State Senate, representing District 25. She assumed office in 2008. She left office on January 5, 2015.
Turner (Democratic Party) ran in a special election to the U.S. House to represent Ohio's 11th Congressional District. She lost in the special Democratic primary on August 3, 2021.
Turner did not run for re-election to the Senate in 2014.
Turner served on the Cleveland City Council from 2006 to 2008.
Contents
2021 battleground election
Shontel Brown won the special Democratic primary for Ohio's 11th Congressional District on August 3, 2021, advancing to the special general election on November 2, 2021. Thirteen candidates ran in the primary.[1] The special election was called after former incumbent Marcia Fudge (D) was confirmed as secretary of housing and urban development in President Joe Biden's (D) administration.[2]
The Hill's Julia Manchester wrote in July that the race "has become a proxy battle for the Democratic Party establishment and national progressives," referring to endorsements for Brown and Nina Turner.[3] Brown served on the Cuyahoga County Council as of the election. Turner, a former state senator, was a 2016 national surrogate and 2020 co-chair for Bernie Sanders' Democratic presidential primary campaigns.
Brown was endorsed by former Secretary of State and 2016 Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton and the Congressional Black Caucus PAC. Sanders and the Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC endorsed Turner. Seth Richardson of cleveland.com wrote that local endorsements did not break down along the same dividing lines as national endorsements.[4] Click here for more on national and local politics in the race.
Three policy areas where the candidates differed were healthcare, student loan debt forgiveness, and the cost of higher education. Click here to learn more about their positions.
Brown campaigned on her relationship with Fudge and support for the Biden administration, saying in one ad, "In Congress, I'll bring people together and work with Joe Biden to stop gun violence and provide economic relief for families. That's different than Nina Turner." The ad highlighted Turner's criticisms of Biden.
Turner released an ad in which she said she fought for the Democratic Party throughout her career. A narrator cited The Cleveland Plain Dealer, which criticized Brown for not stepping down as Cuyahoga County Democratic Party chair during her campaign and called her record undistinguished.
As of June 2021, Inside Elections rated the special election Solid Democratic.[5] Fudge was first elected in 2008, and she won re-election with at least 79% of the vote in each election cycle between then and 2021. As of 2019 Census Bureau estimates, Ohio's 11th was the only district in the state where Black residents made up a majority (53%). The district also had the largest Jewish population in the state, according to cleveland.com.[4]
Elections
2021
See also: Ohio's 11th Congressional District special election, 2021
Special general election for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Shontel Brown and Laverne Gore are running in the special general election for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on November 2, 2021.
Candidate |
||
|
|
Shontel Brown (D) | |
|
|
Laverne Gore (R) | |
|
|
Special Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11
The following candidates ran in the special Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on August 3, 2021.
Candidate |
% |
Votes |
||
| ✔ |
|
Shontel Brown |
50.4
|
35,504 |
|
|
Nina Turner |
44.3
|
31,202 | |
|
|
Jeffrey Johnson |
1.8
|
1,253 | |
|
|
John E. Barnes Jr. |
1.0
|
723 | |
|
|
Shirley Smith |
0.7
|
518 | |
|
|
Seth Corey |
0.7
|
474 | |
|
|
Will Knight |
0.2
|
172 | |
|
|
Pamela Pinkney |
0.2
|
168 | |
|
|
Tariq Shabazz |
0.2
|
127 | |
|
|
Martin Alexander |
0.1
|
97 | |
|
|
James Jerome Bell |
0.1
|
89 | |
|
|
Lateek Shabazz |
0.1
|
56 | |
|
|
Isaac Powell |
0.1
|
44 | |
|
|
Total votes: 70,427 |
Special Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Laverne Gore defeated Felicia Ross in the special Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on August 3, 2021.
Candidate |
% |
Votes |
||
| ✔ |
|
Laverne Gore |
74.2
|
3,894 |
|
|
Felicia Ross |
25.8
|
1,352 | |
|
|
Total votes: 5,246 |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Daniel Corrigan (D)
- Bryan Flannery (D)
Candidate profile
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
- Ohio State Senate (2008-2015)
- Cleveland City Council (2006-2008)
Turner received an A.A. from Cuyahoga Community College and bachelor's and master's degrees from Cleveland State University. Turner was an assistant professor of history at Cuyahoga Community College and chair of party engagement for the Ohio Democratic Party. In 2014, Turner was the Democratic nominee for Ohio secretary of state. Turner was a national surrogate for Sen. Bernie Sanders' (I-Vt.) 2016 Democratic presidential campaign. She was president of Our Revolution before co-chairing Sanders' 2020 presidential campaign.
Sources: Nina Turner's 2021 campaign website, "Home," accessed May 10, 2021; YouTube, "Nina Turner--Voice," April 26, 2021; YouTube, "Democratic candidates square off in City Club of Cleveland's 11th Congressional District primary deb," June 22, 2021; Nina Turner's 2021 campaign website, "Meet Nina Turner," accessed May 10, 2021
Campaign finance
The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.
| Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nina Turner | Democratic Party | $3,867,839 | $3,704,491 | $647,125 | As of July 14, 2021 |
| Shontel Brown | Democratic Party | $2,066,834 | $1,748,992 | $357,471 | As of July 14, 2021 |
| Bryan Flannery | $124,091 | $141,773 | $0 | As of June 30, 2021 | |
| Seth Corey | Democratic Party | $64,007 | $35,724 | $28,283 | As of July 14, 2021 |
| Shirley Smith | Democratic Party | $23,621 | $20,790 | $2,333 | As of July 14, 2021 |
| John E. Barnes Jr. | Democratic Party | $18,778 | $14,587 | $4,192 | As of July 14, 2021 |
| Jeffrey Johnson | Democratic Party | $14,322 | $4,795 | $14,878 | As of July 14, 2021 |
| Laverne Gore | $11,433 | $9,977 | $1,673 | As of July 14, 2021 | |
| Tariq Shabazz | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available |
| Daniel Corrigan | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available | |
| Felicia Ross | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available | |
| Will Knight | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available |
| James Jerome Bell | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available |
| Pamela Pinkney | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available |
| Isaac Powell | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available |
| Lateek Shabazz | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available |
|
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," .
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
|||||
Satellite spending
Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[6][7][8]
This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.
- The Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC spent $104,000 on digital ads supporting Turner as of July 20.[9]
- The Democratic Action PAC had spent $611,000 on radio, broadcast, and mail supporting Turner and opposing Brown as of July 28.[9]
- The Democratic Majority for Israel had spent $2 million on TV advertising and other media opposing Turner and supporting Brown as of July 29.[9]
- Third Way spent $255,000 on digital advertising opposing Turner as of July 29.
- The Working Families Party Independent Expenditure Committee had spent $153,000 on canvassing and digital ads supporting Turner as of July 27.[9]
Endorsements
Click below for endorsement lists from candidates' campaign websites, where available:
This section includes noteworthy endorsements issued in the primary, added as we learn about them. Click here to read how we define noteworthy primary endorsements. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.
| Democratic primary endorsements | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endorsement | Brown | Turner | ||||
| Newspapers and editorials | ||||||
| cleveland.com/The Plain Dealer editorial board[10] | ✔ | |||||
| Elected officials | ||||||
| Rep. Joyce Beatty (D-Ohio) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep./House Majority Whip James Clyburn (D-S.C.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Pete Aguilar (D-Calif.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Troy Carter (D-La.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-N.J.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. David Trone (D-Md.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Marc Veasey (D-Tx.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Stacey Plaskett (D-Virgin Islands) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Suzan DelBene (D-Wash.) | ✔ | |||||
| Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Ro Khanna (D-Calif.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Andy Levin (D-Mich.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Cori Bush (D-Mo.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Jamaal Bowman (D-N.Y.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Mondaire Jones (D-N.Y.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Mark Pocan (D-Wis.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Ted Lieu (D-Calif.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Ayanna Pressley (D-Mass.) | ✔ | |||||
| Rep. Jesus Garcia (D-Ill.) | ✔ | |||||
| Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison (D) | ✔ | |||||
| Ohio Senate Democratic Leader Kenny Yuko | ✔ | |||||
| Individuals | ||||||
| Former Sec. of State/2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton (D) |
✔ | |||||
| Former Gov. Ted Strickland (D)[11] | ✔ | |||||
| 2020 presidential candidate/2021 New York City mayoral candidate Andrew Yang (D) |
✔ | |||||
| 2020 presidential candidate Marianne Williamson (D) | ✔ | |||||
| Organizations | ||||||
| Democratic Majority for Israel | ✔ | |||||
| Jewish Democratic Council of America | ✔ | |||||
| Cleveland Teachers Union 279 American Federation of Teachers | ✔ | |||||
| Congressional Black Caucus PAC | ✔ | |||||
| Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC | ✔ | |||||
| Justice Democrats | ✔ | |||||
| MoveOn | ✔ | |||||
| Democracy for America | ✔ | |||||
| Our Revolution | ✔ | |||||
| Progressive Democrats of America | ✔ | |||||
| Working Families Party | ✔ | |||||
| Sunrise Movement | ✔ | |||||
| Akron DSA | ✔ | |||||
| Done Waiting PAC | ✔ | |||||
| Women's March Win[12] | ✔ | |||||
| The Black Contractors Group, Inc | ✔ | |||||
| Bricklayers Local Union No. 5 | ✔ | |||||
| Cleveland Building & Construction Trades Council | ✔ | |||||
| Association of Heat & Frost Insulators & Allied Workers Local 3, Cleveland, OH | ✔ | |||||
| International Union of Painters and Allied Trades | ✔ | |||||
| Pipe Fitters Local Union No. 120 | ✔ | |||||
| The Ohio State Association of Plumbers & Pipe Fitters | ✔ | |||||
| Laborers Local 310 | ✔ | |||||
| The Boilermakers Union, Local Lodge 744 | ✔ | |||||
| International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers & Helpers | ✔ | |||||
| International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 38 | ✔ | |||||
| Ohio Laborers District Council | ✔ | |||||
| Journeyman Plumbers Union Local 55 | ✔ | |||||
| SMART | ✔ | |||||
| Sheet Metal Workers Local 33 | ✔ | |||||
| United Auto Workers Region 2B[13] | ✔ | |||||
| Amalgamated Transit Union | ✔ | |||||
| Bakers, Confectionary, and Tobacco Workers Union Local 19 | ✔ | |||||
| CWA Local 4340 | ✔ | |||||
| International Association of Black FireFighters | ✔ | |||||
| SEIU Local 1199 | ✔ | |||||
| SEIU Local 1 | ✔ | |||||
| The Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union | ✔ | |||||
| National Nurses United | ✔ | |||||
| IUE-CWA | ✔ | |||||
2014
- See also: Ohio secretary of state election, 2014
Turner ran for Ohio Secretary of State in 2014. Turner won the Democratic nomination in the unopposed primary on May 6, 2014.[14][15] Republican incumbent Jon Husted sought and won re-election. The general election took place on November 4, 2014.
Results
General election
| Secretary of State of Ohio, 2014 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | 59.8% | 1,811,020 | ||
| Democratic | Nina Turner | 35.5% | 1,074,475 | |
| Libertarian | Kevin Knedler | 4.7% | 141,292 | |
| Total Votes | 3,026,787 | |||
| Election results via Ohio Secretary of State | ||||
| Click below to see notable endorsements | |
|---|---|
EndorsementsIn 2014, Turner's endorsers included the following:[16][17]
| |
2012
Turner initially declared an intent to run for election to the U.S. House in 2012. However, she dropped her bid before the primary.[18]
2010
- See also: Ohio State Senate elections, 2010
Turner ran unopposed for election to the Ohio State Senate.[19] She was also unopposed in the primary election on May 4, 2010.[20][21][22] The election took place on November 2, 2010.
| Ohio State Senate, District 25 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidates | Votes | Percent | ||
| |
77,987 | 100.00% | ||
Campaign themes
2021
Ballotpedia survey responses
See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection
Nina Turner did not complete Ballotpedia's 2021 Candidate Connection survey.
Campaign website
Turner's campaign website stated the following themes.
| “ |
COVID Recovery “I’m running for Congress because I want an America as good as its promise. The people of Ohio-11 deserve a government that prioritizes the dignity of working people at the center of the pandemic response.”
Medicare for All “We live in a country where our veterans are living on the streets without treatment for service-related mental health issues; we have people who are too afraid to go out and see a doctor because they can’t afford it; and we have Black women dying in childbirth at disproportionate numbers in the 21st century. This is America and this is unacceptable!”
Economic Justice “We want our WHOLE DAMN DOLLAR!”
Expanded Public Education "The public education system needs to be shored up, and we have to invest our tax dollars to ensure that a child will not be discriminated against or treated differently because of the zip code they live in."
Housing as a Human Right “We are on the edge of a housing crisis like no other. Federal, state and local governments must recognize that housing is a human right. We can start by extending the ban on evictions during a deadly pandemic and quickly act to make sweeping investments in affordable housing.”
Reimagining Public Safety "The criminal justice system is inherently unjust to Black and Brown people. We need to completely reimagine how we do policing in this country and while we are at it, let’s fix the entire system from the judiciary to the streets."
Environmental Justice "One thing that we do have in common as human beings, and not just in our country, but all across the world, is that we need a stable environment. We need Mother Nature – we need Mother Earth – to be well, and we are making her sick."
|
” |
| —Nina Turner’s campaign website (2021)[24] | ||
Campaign ads
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Committee assignments
2013-2014
At the beginning of the 2013 legislative session, Turner served on the following committees:
| Ohio committee assignments, 2013 |
|---|
| • Rules |
| • Transportation |
| • Civil Justice |
| • Commerce and Labor |
| • Education |
| • Insurance and Financial Institutions |
2011-2012
| Ohio committee assignments, 2011 |
|---|
| • Highways and Transportation |
| • Judiciary - Civil Justice |
| • Judiciary - Criminal Justice |
| • State and Local Government and Veterans' Affairs |
| • Ways and Means and Economic Development |
2009-2010
| Ohio committee assignments, 2009 |
|---|
| • Energy and Natural Resources |
| • Highways and Transportation |
| • Insurance, Commerce and Labor |
| • Judiciary - Civil Justice |
| • State and Local Government and Veterans' Affairs |
Campaign donors
The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may not represent all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer, and campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.
| Nina Turner (Ohio) campaign contribution history | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Office | Result | Contributions | |
| 2014 | Ohio Secretary of State | $1,679,496 | ||
| 2010 | Ohio State Senate | $69,122 | ||
| Grand total raised | $1,748,618 | |||
| Source: [[25] Follow the Money] | ||||
2014
Ballotpedia collects information on campaign donors for each year in which a candidate or incumbent is running for election. See the table below for more information about the campaign donors who supported Nina Turner.[26] Click [show] for more information.
| Nina Turner Campaign Contributions | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 Ohio Secretary of State | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total raised | $1,679,496 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total raised by opponents | $4,545,015 (Rep) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Top 5 contributors | Ohio Democratic Party | $194,455 | |||||||||||||||||
| SEIU District 1199 WKO | $36,465 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amalgamated Transit Union/ATU | $24,311 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Steelworkers District 1 | $24,311 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ohio Communications Workers | $24,310 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Individuals | $857,163 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Institutions | $821,257 ($1,076 other) | ||||||||||||||||||
| In-state donations | $1,143,881 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Out-of-state donations | $533,931 ($1,684 unknown) | ||||||||||||||||||
2010
In 2010, Turner raised $69,122.[27]
Listed below are primary contributors.
| Donor | Amount |
|---|---|
| SEIU HEALTH CARE DISTRICT 1199 | $5,000 |
| OHIO ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOL EMPLOYEES | $5,000 |
| PERKINS, MARK | $4,500 |
| BROWN, SHONTEL M | $2,500 |
| OZANNE CONSTRUCTION | $1,765 |
Scorecards
A scorecard evaluates a legislator’s voting record. Its purpose is to inform voters about the legislator’s political positions. Because scorecards have varying purposes and methodologies, each report should be considered on its own merits. For example, an advocacy group’s scorecard may assess a legislator’s voting record on one issue while a state newspaper’s scorecard may evaluate the voting record in its entirety.
Ballotpedia is in the process of developing an encyclopedic list of published scorecards. Some states have a limited number of available scorecards or scorecards produced only by select groups. It is Ballotpedia’s goal to incorporate all available scorecards regardless of ideology or number.
Click here for an overview of legislative scorecards in all 50 states. To contribute to the list of Ohio scorecards, email suggestions to editor@ballotpedia.org.
2014
In 2014, the 130th Ohio General Assembly was in session from January 7 through December 31.
- Innovation Ohio: 130th General Assembly - Women's issues scorecard
- Legislators are scored based on their votes on women’s issues.
- The American Conservative Union: 2014 legislative scorecard
- Legislators are scored on their votes on conservative issues.
2013
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2013, click [show]. |
|---|
|
In 2013, the 130th Ohio General Assembly was in session from January 7 to December 31.
|
2012
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2012, click [show]. |
|---|
|
In 2012, the 129th Ohio General Assembly was in session from January 3 through December 31.
|
2011
| To view all the scorecards we found for this legislator in 2011, click [show]. |
|---|
|
In 2011, the 129th Ohio General Assembly was in session from January 3 through December 31.[28]
|
Notable endorsements
The following table shows a list of notable endorsements made by this individual or organization. The list includes presidential, congressional, gubernatorial, state legislative, and other notable candidates. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.
| Notable endorsements by Nina Turner | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Endorsee | Party | Race | |
| Bernie Sanders source | Democratic Party | President of the United States (2016) | |
| Bernie Sanders source | Democratic Party | President of the United States (2020) | |
Personal
Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Turner and her husband, Jeffrey, have one child. They currently reside in Cleveland, Ohio.[29]
See also
2021 Elections
External links
- Profile from Open States
- Legislative profile from Project Vote Smart
- Biography from Project Vote Smart
- Campaign Contributions: 2010
- Nina Turner on Facebook
Footnotes
- ↑ News 5 Cleveland, "Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine announces date for special election to fill Marcia Fudge's 11th Congressional seat," March 18, 2021
- ↑ CNN, "Senate confirms Ohio Rep. Marcia Fudge as HUD secretary," March 10, 2021
- ↑ The Hill, "Shontel Brown gaining ground against Nina Turner in Ohio: poll," July 23, 2021
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 cleveland.com, "Bernie vs. Biden? Liberal vs. establishment? The 11th Congressional District race is much more complex than the national narrative of late: Analysis," July 24, 2021
- ↑ Inside Elections, "House Ratings," June 18, 2021
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 ProPublica, "Ohio’s 11th District House Race - 2022 cycle," accessed August 2 ,2021
- ↑ cleveland.com, "Nina Turner in the Democratic primary for the 11th Congressional District," July 4, 2021
- ↑ Twitter, "Shontel Brown on July 28," accessed August 2, 2021
- ↑ The Hill, "Women's March endorses Nina Turner in first-ever electoral endorsement," July 27, 2021
- ↑ WKYC, "Local United Auto Workers chapter endorses Shontel Brown for open U.S. Congress seat in Ohio," March 30, 2021
- ↑ Cleveland.com, "Ed FitzGerald and Nina Turner crack first draft of Ohio Democrats' statewide slate for 2014," March 27, 2013
- ↑ The Republic, "State senator from Cleveland launches 2014 challenge to Ohio elections chief Husted," July 1, 2013(Archived)
- ↑ Cleveland.com, "Ohio AFL-CIO backs Ed FitzGerald for governor," October 7, 2013
- ↑ Greenwich Time, "EMILY's List endorses Ohio Democrats in 2014," October 10, 2013(Archived)
- ↑ Cleveland.com, "State Sen. Nina Turner drops congressional primary bid against Rep. Marcia Fudge," accessed January 16, 2012
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Ohio Senate: Results for November 2, 2010," accessed June 10, 2014
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "State Senate - Results for Democratic Primary: May 4, 2010," accessed June 10, 2014
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "State Senate - Results for Republican Primary: May 4, 2010," accessed June 10, 2014
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "State Senate - Results for Libertarian Primary: May 4, 2010," accessed June 10, 2014
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Nina Turner’s campaign website, “Issues,” accessed July 20, 2021
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Career fundraising for Turner, Nina," accessed June 10, 2015
- ↑ Follow the Money.org, "Home," accessed May 7, 2021
- ↑ Follow the Money, "2010 campaign contributions," accessed June 10, 2014
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed June 6, 2014(Archived)
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedbio
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by ' |
Ohio State Senate District 25 2008–January 5, 2015 |
Succeeded by Kenny Yuko (D) |
| |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||